初中英语语法讲解与练习【形容词-副词】

. 形容词 副词 1. 形容词的用法(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film.(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small.(4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时 间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地 点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方 式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程 度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr. Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。(3) The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know.(4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter.(5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine.(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor.(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【实例解析】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) -Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? -Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。2. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) He has made _ progress this term than before. A. little B. less C. fewer D. much 答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。3. (2004年江西省中考试题) -What delicious cakes! -They would taste _ with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。4. (2004年河北省中考试题) Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.2. Mobile phones are _ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.3. He put on his coat and went out _ (quick).4. She is _ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.5. A lot Chinese people are _ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _ (snow) night.7. Allie asked me _ (polite) to put the things away.8. Its snowing hard. You must drive _(careful).9. The earth we live on is _ (big) than the moon.10. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second _ (large) island in China.三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d_ countries.2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u_.3. Hawaii is f_ its beautiful beaches.4. He often takes an a_ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.5. The performance was so w_ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).6. Jiefang Road is the b_ street in our city.7. She lay a_ for hours thinking over her business.8. I like ball games very much, but my f_ sport is playing basketball.9. The boy is too l_ . He doesnt want to do anything.10. The dictionary is very u_ . It will help you a lot.【练习答案】一. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B二. 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite 9. lazy 10. useful副 词副词的用法：1、修饰动词 sing happily , greet sb politely, talk loudly, listen carefully, rain heavily, sing nicely 2、修饰形容词 badly ill, truly sorry, really sorry副词的构成： most adjectives: +ly quiet-quietly correct-correctly polite-politely adjectives ending in le: -e+yterrible -terribly, gentle-gently (im) possible- (im) possibly, comfortable- comfortably, simple- simply adjectives ending in y: -y+ilyeasy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily some adjectives also can be adverbs： long, early, fast, hard部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词：good- well写出下列形容词的副词：1. bad 2.bright 3.careful 4. clear 5. soft 6. correct 7. excited 8.free 9.loud 10.neat 11. slow 12. close 13. polite 14. nice 15.possible 16.gentle 17.comfortable 18.terrible 19.simple 20.angry 21.happy 22.heavy 23.noisy 24.easy 25.hard 26.fast 27.good 28.true副词的用法：1、修饰动词 sing happily , greet sb politely, talk loudly, listen carefully, rain heavily, sing nicely 2、修饰形容词 badly ill, truly sorry, really sorry副词的构成： most adjectives: +ly quiet-quietly correct-correctly polite-politely adjectives ending in le: -e+yterrible -terribly, gentle-gently (im) possible- (im) possibly, comfortable- comfortably, simple- simply adjectives ending in y: -y+ilyeasy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily some adjectives also can be adverbs： long, early, fast, hard，部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词：good- well写出下列形容词的副词：1. bad 2.bright 3.careful 4. clear 5. soft 6. correct 7. excited 8.free 9.loud 10.neat 11. slow 12. close 13. polite 14. nice 15.possible 16.gentle 17.comfortable 18.terrible 19.simple 20.angry 21.happy 22.heavy 23.noisy 24.easy 25.hard 26.fast 27.good 28.true副词的用法：1、修饰动词 sing happily , greet sb politely, talk loudly, listen carefully, rain heavily, sing nicely 2、修饰形容词 badly ill, truly sorry, really sorry副词的构成： most adjectives: +ly quiet-quietly correct-correctly polite-politely adjectives ending in le: -e+yterrible -terribly, gentle-gently (im) possible- (im) possibly, comfortable- comfortably, simple- simply adjectives ending in y: -y+ilyeasy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily some adjectives also can be adverbs： long, early, fast, hard部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词：good- well写出下列形容词的副词：1. bad 2.bright 3.careful 4. clear 5. soft 6. correct 7excited 8.free 9.loud 10.neat 11. slow 12. close 13. polite 14. nice 15.possible 16.gentle 17.comfortable 18.terrible 19.simple 20.angry 21.happy 22.heavy 23.noisy 24.easy 25.hard 26.fast 27.good 28.true（一）形容词和副词的用法1. 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词。在句中主要做定语和表语等成分。做定语时修饰名词或代词（一般为不定代词），修饰名词时常放于名词前，修饰不定代词时常放于不定代词后，做表语时和系动词（简称系词）连用，构成一个系表结构。例如：Can you hear the loud noise? （定语）你听见大的吵闹声了吗？The noise is very loud . （表语）吵声很大The quiet girl is my sister. （定语）那个安静的女孩是我妹妹。My sister looks very quiet . （表语）我妹妹看起来很安静。He lives a happy life. （定语）他过着幸福生活。He feels happy. （表语）他感觉很快乐。There is something wrong with the car. （定语）这个小车出毛病了。I have nothing new to tell you. （定语）我没什么新东西告诉你。Do you have anything interesting to tell us? （定语）你有一些有趣的东西告诉我们吗？2. 常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有：look （看起来，看上去）， feel （感觉）， taste （尝起来）， smell （闻起来），get （变得），turn（变），become（成为，变得），sound （听起来）等。 例如： The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气变暖和了，树变绿了。The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。The soup taste nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。You look fine. 你看起来气色很好。3. 副词是用以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句的词 例如：The men and the women walk quickly. 这些男女走得很快。The children walk slowly. 孩子们走得很慢。They often laugh loudly. 他们经常大声地笑。They do their homework quietly. 他们安静地做作业。Unluckily he hurt his leg. 不幸的是，他伤了腿。He runs too fast. 他跑得太快。 （二）形容词和副词的转化规则1. 直接加ly. 如：loud loudly quiet quietly slow slowly quick quicklycareful carefully wonderful wonderfully2. 以y结尾的形容词，去“y”为i再加ly. 例如：happy happily easy easily hungry hungrily heavy heavily 3. 有的形容词和副词同形late, early, fast , high 等 例如： He was late. （形容词）他晚了 He came late .（副词）他来晚了。 A train is fast. （形容词）火车快。A train runs fast . （副词）火车跑得快。The building is high. （形容词）这个楼高。He jumps high. （副词）他跳得高 （三）注意的几点1. true 的副词为truly. 例如：It is true. 这是真的。Im truly sorry for it . 对此事我真的抱歉。2. hard本身为副词，猛烈的或努力的。形容词时为难的，与difficult同义。 例如：It is raining hard. （副词）雨下得很大。 （相当于heavily）Maths is hard / difficult. （形容词）数学难3. enough 的用法：enough做形容词修饰名词可放于名词前也可以放名词后。 例如：作副词修饰形容词或副词必须后置。例如：He is old enough to go to work. 他足够大可以去工作了。He runs fast enough. 他跑的足够快。Its hot enough to go swimming. 天气真够热，可以去游泳。 形容词和副词的用法形容词和副词在中考单项选择中形容词也占一定比例，一般考查有关形容词或副词的一些搭配，但绝大部分考查形容词与副词的比较级和最高级。一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est，如：small smaller smallest以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 r或 st，如large largest largest重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的，需双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加 er或-est.busybusierbusiesthappyhappierhappiest但一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如：slowly more slowly most slowlydifficultmore difficultmost difficultbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful； 但还有一些不规则的变化：good / wellbetterbestmanymoremostbad / ill / badly worseworstlittlelessleastfar farther / further farther / furthest二、形容词和副词的等比句型asas 和一样 Im as tall as you.not as（so）as 不和 一样（在否定句中常用so 来代替as）如，I cant run so fast as you.另外asas possible 为固定结构，如，as soon as possible， as quickly as possible 等。在以上两个句型中形容词或副词一定要用原级。三、形容词和副词的其它句型还有：形容词/ 副词 比较级 + than 句型 ，在than 后面的人称代词 用主语和宾语均可。He is older than I / me. 但是如果人称代词后有动词时，则只能用主格形式。如， Tom found more red leaves than I did.“the + 比较级， the + 比较级” 结构表示两个变化一起发生。如， The more you learn， the more youll know.“more and more”结构（指两个形容词比较级用and 连接）表示