英语诗歌分析方法PPT课件

1.Whatispoetry?,Aliteraryformmarkedwithstanzas,Writteninlines,Richimagery,Greatartisticappeal,Beautifulharmony,Compressedcontent,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetry,.,2.Definitionofpoetry,Poetryisaliterarygenrethatcommunicatesexperienceinthemostcondensedform.Poetryisamultidimensionallanguage:anintellectualdimension,anemotionald,asensuousd,andanimaginatived.Thesedimensionsworktogethertopassexperiencetothereader.Poetrytriestosaythemostinthefewestpossiblewords.Poetrybeginsindelight,andendsinwisdom.RobertFrostHewhodrawsnobledelightsfromthesentimentsofpoetryisatruepoet,thoughhehasneverwrittenalineinallhislife.GeorgeSand,.,3.Howtoanalyzepoetry?,Asidefromthebasicdemandthatpoetrysayssomething,poetryischaracterizedbythefollowingelements:1)amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsound;2)apreciseandfreshimagery;3)multiplelevelsofinterpretationssuggestedbytheconnotationsofthewordsandbyallusions.,Danti:DivineComedy神曲,Milton:ParadiseLost失乐园,3)didacticpoem（说理诗）humorouspoem（幽默诗）burlesque（滑稽诗）parody（模仿诗）,2)NarrativePoems（叙事诗）,1)LyricalPoems（抒情诗）,4.KindsofPoetry,A.Intermsofcontent:,ode（颂诗）elegy（悼念诗）idyll（田园诗）lovepoem（爱情诗）songs（韵文)ballads（民谣）,Epics(史诗)(heroicpoems),DramaticPoems（戏剧诗：usu.indialogue;inblankverse）,Metricaltale(故事诗)，ballads（民谣）,KindsofPoetry,B.Intermsofmetre:,1)MetricalPoems（格律诗）,RegularRhyme;RegularRhythm;DefiniteNumberofLines,FreeVerse（自由诗）：不受格律、音韵的约束不讲求形式上的整齐或有规则，不寻求语言上的平衡、华美或高雅，以充分地、尽情地表达思想为主要目的。,IrregularRhymeandRhythm;IrregularNumberofLines,BlankVerse（无韵诗）：不押韵，但有音步和格律的限制;传统的无韵诗的节奏是抑扬格五音步，各节长短不一，因而有“诗段”这个说法。,WithoutRhyme;WithRhythm,.,rhythm节律，韵,-syllablesandstress;音节与重音Eg.Myloveslikeared,redrose,ThatsnewlysprunginJune.-foot:agroupofsyllables;音步(重音与非重音的一次交替)(number，positionofthestressedsyllable.)-patternsofthefoot:iambic(-)抑扬；trochaic(-)扬抑;dactylic(-)扬抑抑;amphibrachic(-)抑抑扬;anapestic(-)抑扬抑-meter:thenumberoffeet;音步,格律monometre,dimetre,trimetre,tetrametre,pentametre,.-rhythm:regularrecurrenceofstressedandunstressedsyllables.,.,Rhymeanditsscheme,Rhyme:Inpoetryormusic,astructuralorsemanticpatternformedbytherepetitionofsyllableswithidenticalorsimilarsounds.-alliteration:timeandtide,breadandbutter;-endrhyme:boy,joybeauty,duty.-parallelR:aabb;-crossR:abab;-circularR:abba.-inter-rhyme:wearandtear,fairandsquair,ThesunisnotabedwhenIAtnightuponmypillowlie,4.Metre（格律）,1)Iambus（抑扬格）,IambicFoot（抑扬音步）,(IambicTetrametreor4-footIambus),（四步抑扬格）,DactylicFoot（扬抑抑音步）,(DactylicBi-metre)（两步扬抑抑格）,6)Spondee（扬扬格）,7)Pyrric（抑抑格）,5)Amphibrach（抑扬抑格）,（扬扬格）,（抑抑格）,（抑扬抑格）,5.Foot（音步）,Mono-metre（一音步）,Bi-metre（二音步）,Tri-metre（三音步）,Tetrametre（四音步）,Pentametre（五音步）,Hexametre（六音步）,Heptametre（七音步）,Octametre（八音步）,6.SoundPatterns（音韵）,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,Alliteration（头韵）,Assonance（准韵）,Para-rhyme（侧韵）,Reverse-rhyme（逆韵）,Fullrhyme（完全韵）,taketime,takelate,takelike,taketook,taketale,takelake,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,Consonance（谐韵）,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,CVCCVC,7.Alliteration:,phantomfathom;psychologysimple,a)Togiveemphasis:,mightandmain;fitasafiddle,b)Toconnectideas:,Pleasepickuptheprettypinkpillsforpalepeople.,c)Toconnectactions:,Thefighterfledintothefield,and,foremostfighting,fell.,8.Rhyme:,Homefoam;chairthere,Internalrhyme（行内韵:一行内有符合押韵规则的两个或多个词；增加诗的音乐性，也可使得几个词在意思上联系起来。）,IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.(Shelley),Weploughandsow-weresovery,verylow.(ErnestJones),Ah,distinctlyIrememberitasinthebleakDecember.(Poe),c)FeminineRhyme（阴韵:重读音节后还有轻读音节的词押韵。）,(1)Whatisfame?Anemptybubble.Gold?Atransient,shiningtrouble.,(2)Riselikelionsafterslumber,Inunvvanquishablenumber.,(3)Oh!yeimmortalGods!whatistheogony?（i:ni神谱,神统系,记述神的史诗）Oh!thou,too,mortalman!whatisphilanthropy?,b)MasculineRhyme（阳韵:单音节词和重读在后的双音节或更多音节的词押韵。）,d)MonosyllabicRhyme（单音节韵）:,Hourtour;nowknow;dearbear;savehave,e)BisyllabicRhyme（双音节韵）:,f)TrisyllabicRhyme（三音节韵）:,g)Eyerhyme（眼韵）:,I/fly;fool/rule;write/fight;again/remain/sustain,borrow/sorrow;daughter/water;conversation/compensationRoman/noman;knowit/showit,beautiful/dutiful;thinkofit/drinkofit,9.RhymeScheme:,1)aabb（连续韵）:,Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,aForthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.aAllthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,bThingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b,2)abab（交叉韵）:,Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.aUpintheairsoblue?bOh,IdothinkitthepleasantestthingaEverachildcando!b,3)abba（首尾韵）:,Iholdittrue,whateerbefall;aIfeelitwhenIsorrowmost;bTisbettertohavelovedandlostbThannevertohavelovedatall.a,4)abcb（二四韵）:,Springisgreen,aSummerisbright,bAutumnisgold,cWinteriswhite.b,Astanzaisagroupoflines(ofanynumberoflines,mostfrequentlyoffourlines)boundtogetherbyanendrhyme.ffppt,10.Stanza:,11.Sonnet:,1)ItalianSonnet（意大利体十四行诗）,2)SpenserianSonnet（斯宾塞体十四诗）,3)ShakespearianSonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）,1)ItalianSonnet,(FrancescoPetrarch),Thepoetryofearthisneverdead:aWhenallthebirdsarefaintwiththehotsun,bAndhideincoolingtrees,avoicewillrunbFromhedgetohedgeaboutthenew-mownmead;aThatistheGrasshoppers-hetakestheleadaInsummerluxury,-hehasneverdonebWithhisdelights;forwhentiredoutwithfunbHerestsateasebeneathsomepleasantweed.a,Thepoetryofearthisceasingnever:cOnalonewinterevening,whenthefrostdHaswroughtasilence,fromthestovethereshrillseTheCricketssong,inwarmthincreasingever,cAndseemstooneindrowsinesshalflost,dTheGrasshoppersamongsomegrassyhills.e,anoctave+asestet,2)SpenserianSonnet,(EdmundSpenser)3quatrains+acouplet,ForloemylovedothinherselfecontainebAllthisworldsrichesthatmayfarrebefound.cIfsaphyres,loehereyesbesaphyresplaine:bIfrubies,loeherlipsberubiessound;c,Ifpearls,herteethbepearlsbothpureandround;cIfyvorie,herforeheadyvoryweene;dIfgold,herlocksarefinestgoldonground;cIfsilver,herfairhandsaresilversheene.d,Butthatwhichfairestis,butfewbehold:eHermind,adornedwithvertuesmanifold.e,Yetradefullmerchants,thatwithwearytoyleaDoseekenostpretiousthingstomakeyourgain,bAndboththeIndiansoftheirtreasuresspoile,aForloemylovedothinherselfecontaineb,3)ShakespearianSonnet,Shakespear,Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,cAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmd;dAn