大学英语教学资料-book4-unit5ga

AIRFORCEUNIVERSITYOFENGINEERINGFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESS,ChoosetoBeAloneonPurpose,Unit5:SectionA,A.TheWaytoDevelopThisText,I.StructureAnalysis,Arguments+Narration+Examples+Comparison,Thetextfocusesonasocialphenomenonchoosingtobealoneonpurpose.Whatpeoplethinkoflivingalone,whopreferslivingalone,thelifeofthesolitarypeople,andwhatthewriteradvisesforlivingalone.,TextStudyStructureAnalysis,Narration,123-1011-1314-16,WaysofDevelopment,Paragraphs,TextStudyStructureAnalysis,Arguments+Examples+Comparison,Arguments+Comparison,Arguments+Narration+Examples,Arguments+Narration,Para.1Livingaloneisa_phenomenoninU.S.A.Para.2Peoplethinkoflivingaloneas_or_.Paras.310_,and_preferlivingaloneforinspiration.Paras.1113Thelifeofthesolitarypeopleandtheirneed_.Paras.1416Theauthoradvisespeopleto_,_and_.,commonsocial,anationaldisease,acharacteristicofAmericanheroes,Poets,philosophers,stayrational,settledown,makethemselvescomfortable,TextStudyStructureAnalysis,B.CompletetheMainIdeas,totalk,II.QuestionAnswering,WhyislonelinessasortofnationaldiseaseintheUS?,Becausetherearealtogether22millionofpeoplelivingaloneintheirroomsintheUS.,TextStudyUnderstanding,2.Whydopoetslikesolitude?,Becausetheygetinspirationfromit,andtheyfeelgoodaboutthemselvesforseekingitout.,TextStudyUnderstanding,3.WhatcanbelearnedfromThoreauschoiceofthesolitarywayoflife?,Themorepositiveoneistowardoneself,thelesstheneedforstayingwithothers.,TextStudyUnderstanding,4.Whyisitimportantforapersonlivingalonetotalktoothers?,Becauseitisabasicneedofasolitaryperson.,TextStudyUnderstanding,5.Whomaythepersonlivinginsolitudetalkto?,Theymaycallfriendstotellthemimportantthings,ortalktohimself,hispets,thetelevision,oreventostrangersinthesupermarket.,TextStudyUnderstanding,FocusStudy,NotestotheTextFocusStudy,Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwassocompanionableassolitude.,Practice,not/neversoas不如那么,我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。,Theunityofthemasseswiththepartyisstrongerthanever.Iveheardtheterriblenoiseonceortwicebefore,butthisoneislouder.Menaremorepeaceful,moregracefulwitheachotherthanever.,NotestotheTextFocusStudy,Changethesentenceswith“not/neversoas”,Keys,Theunityofthemasseswiththepartyisneversostrongasitisnow.Iveheardtheterriblenoiseonceortwicebefore,butneversoloudasthisone.Menareneversopeaceful,sogracefulwitheachotherastheyarenow.,NotestotheTextFocusStudy,NotestotheTextFocusStudy,2.Itmaynotbewhereweexpectedtobe,butforthetimebeingwemightaswellcallithome.,Practice,mightaswelldosth.不妨;还是为好,我们不妨一块儿去。你不妨给客户服务部打个电话谈谈这事。,Wemightaswellgotogether.Youmightaswellphonethecustomerservicedepartmentaboutit.,NotestotheTextFocusStudy,NotestotheTextFocusStudy,3.Itsgoodforus,andalotlessembarrassingthanthewoman,whichiswhysheboughtthepowderedhotchocolatemix,thoughsheneverdrinksitherself.,Discussion,这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她。梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她自己从来不喝这东西。,NotestotheTextFocusStudy,Whereisthewoman?Whoistellingthecashieraboutwhat?Whydidthewomanbuythepowderedhotchocolatemix?,Infrontofusinlineatthemarket.ShestellingthecashierthathernieceMelissamaybecomingtovisitonSaturday,andMelissaisveryfondofhotchocolateHernieceMelissaisveryfondofhotchocolate.,1.tamevt.tomakesb.orsth.easytocontrol,Agroupofpolicemenwerecalledouttotamethecrowds.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,一队警察被叫来制服人群。,I.WordUsing,modityn.sth.thatisusefulornecessary,必须加强打击假货的力度。,Strongmeasuresshouldbetakentocrackdownfakecommodities.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,3.creepvi.tomoveslowlyandquietly,Johnwouldcreepintothegallerytolistentothesingers.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,约翰会悄悄溜进楼座去听歌手唱歌。,4.dictatev.tosaysth.forsb.elsetowritedown,Shesdictatingalettertohersecretaryrightnow.Theteacherdictatedapassagetotheclass.,她现在正在给秘书口述一封信。老师让班上的学生听写了一篇文章。,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,4.dictate(sth.)tosb.v.totellsb.exactlywhattodoorhowtobehave,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,Youcantdictatetopeoplehowtheyshouldlive.Irefusetobedictatedtobyhim.,不能强行规定人们应该怎样生活。我拒绝听从他的指使。,5.humblea.notproud;lowinrank,myhumbleapologyahumblescientistmenofhumblebirthahumbleoccupation,鄙人的道歉谦虚的科学家出身卑微的人低贱的职业,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,6.apologyn.awordorstatementtosayyouaresorryforhavingdonesth.wrongorforupsettingsb.,demandanapologyacceptonesapologyowesb.anapologymakeanapology,要求道歉接受某人的道歉应向某人道歉作出道歉,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,psychologybiologysociologytechnology,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,dictate,dictation,dictionary,condition,predict,indicate,indication,contradict,contradiction,7.-proofprotectingagainstthedamagingeffectofsth.else,waterproofwatchesabulletproofcarasoundproofroomairproofpipesproviderisk-proofservices,防水手表防弹汽车隔音的房间密封的管道提供风险防范服务,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,8.observationn.theprocessofwatchingsb.orsth.carefullyforaperiodoftime,astudybasedondetailedobservationofagroupof20patients,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,一项基于对一组20位患者详细观察的研究,8.observationn.aspokenorwrittenremarkaboutsth.youhavenoticed,Idliketomakeafewobservationsaboutthecurrentstyleofmanagement.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,我想对当前的管理方式提出一些看法。,9.backuptosupportsb.,esp.inanargument,Peggywouldbackmeupifshewerehere.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,要是佩吉在这儿，她一定会支持我的说法。,10.atlengthingreatdetail;atlast,不要过分详尽地讨论这个项目。公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。,Dontdiscusstheprojectatexcessivelength.Atlengththebusarrived,fortyminuteslate.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,11.settledowntobecomequietandcalmormakesb.dothis,自开学以来，希拉似乎已经安定多了。,Sheilaseemstohavesettleddownmoresinceschoolstarted.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,II.OldtoNew,alone;lonelypoemsingeneralnotgreatorimportanthighestinrank/degreefairnessstartajourneyblockup;supporthaveagreatlikingfor,solitarypoetryhumblesupremejusticesetforth/out/offbackupbefondof,WordsandExpressionsOldtoNew,独自地根据最近的统计一种民族弊病另一方面冒险出去征服大自然,allbyoneselfbyrecentcountasortofnationaldiseaseontheotherhandventureouttamenature,III.ChinesetoEnglish,WordsandExpressionsCtoE,独处带来的灵感对给予高度评价穿上外衣独处高士装满熬夜,inspirationinsolitudespeakhighlyofputononescoathighpriestofsolitudefillupstayuplate,WordsandExpressionsCtoE,一口气地按自己的节奏摔倒在打滑的地板上每日不断发生的小小抱怨最高法院新来的法官极大的努力,atonesittingatonesownpacefallonaslipperyfloorthedailysuccessionofsmallcomplaintsanewSupremeCourtjusticesupremeeffort,WordsandExpressionsCtoE,与某人争论某事花样滑冰选手保持理性安静下来；定居以自我为中心的暂时,arguewithsb.oversth.figureskaterstayrationalsettledownself-centeredforthetimebeing,WordsandExpressionsCtoE,Debate,Youngcouplesandtheirparentsshouldliveseparately,Youngcouplesandtheirparentsshouldlivetogether,Ideasharing,StructuredWriting,PracticalWriting,Oneofthewritingtechniquestodevelopthemainideasismakingcomparisonandcontrast.,I.StructuredWriting,Sample,StructuredWriting,ExpressionsforComparisonsimilarly;likewise;both;inthesameway;resemble;justas;comparedwith;like;toodifferfrom;bedifferentfrom;unlike;incontrastto;ontheotherhand;onthecontrary;by/incontrast;however;otherwise;nevertheless;but;while;whereas;yet;although;than;ratherthan,StructuredWriting,Completethefollowingsentences:,_tolivingonthefarm,livinginthecityisanintensestruggletosurviveinaconcretewasteland.2.Before1880manypeoplediedofsmallpox;_,thepercentageofdeathsfromsmallpoxissmalltoday.3.Thedevelopmentoftransportationandthedevelopmentofcommunications_inmanyways.4.Thereis_hardworkinwritingthaninphysicallabor.,Incontrast,however,aresimilar,more,StructuredWriting,ParagraphandEssayDespitetheirobviousdifferencesinlength,theparagraphandtheessayarequitesimilarstructurally.Forexample,theparagraphisintroducedbyeitheratopicsentenceoratopicintroducerfollowedbyatopicsentence.Intheessaythefirstparagraphprovidesintroductorymaterialandestablishesthetopicsentence.,Sample1,StructuredWriting,Similarly,thebodyofanessayconsistsofanumberofparagraphsthatexpandandsupporttheideaspresentedintheintroductoryparagraph.Finally,aterminatorwhetherarestatement,conclusion,orobservationendstheparagraph.Theessay,too,hasadevicewhichbringsitsideastoalogicallyandpsychologicallysatisfyingcompletion:theconcludingparagraph.Althoughexceptionstothesegeneralizationsmaybeobservedinmoderncreativewriting,mostwell-writtenexpositoryparagraphsandessaysarecomparableinstructure.,StructuredWriting,Sample2,WaysofmannersaredifferentbetweenAmericaandJapan.Forexample,Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japanesepeopleeatwithchopsticks.AnotherexampleisthatAmericanssay“Hi”whentheymeet,whileJapanesebow.Besides,manyAmericansopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface,itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan.Infact,thatsjustthedifferentwaysofexpressingkindness.,StructuredWriting,RailwaysandAutomobileRoadsSomepeoplesaythatrailwaysaremoreimportantthanautomobileroads.Butinmyopinion,automobileroadsandrailwayscomplementeachother.Railwaysdonottouchsmallplaces,whileautomobileroadscanbeconstructedtoreacheveryplace,evenvillagessituatedinremotecornersofthecountry.,Sample,StructuredWriting,Railwaysareconstructedonlyforthetrains,butroadswillproveequallyusefulforbicycles,carriagesandotherkindsofvehicles.Thecostofbuildingautomobileroadsisalsosuchlowerthanthatofbuildingrailways.,StructuredWriting,ToSectionB,TheEndofSectionA,1.vibratevi.toshakeslightlyandquickly,我们能感觉到地板随音乐的节拍而颤动。,Wecanfeelthefloorvibratingtothebeatofthemusic.,WordsandExpressionsWordUsing,liberate,2.stalea.nolongerinterestingorexciting(offood)nolongerfreshandoftentastingorsmellingunpleasant,变味觉得乏味老掉牙的笑话赶走浑浊的空气,gostalegetstalethesamestaleoldjokesgetridofthes