赞美语及回应PPT课件

-,1,ComplimentingandResponding,-,2,Englishcompliments,Englishcomplimentsresponses,Culturescomparison,Structure,-,3,SocialFunctionsofCompliments,Otherfunctions:EncouragingpeopleSofteningcriticismStartingaconversation,-,4,Example1,Itsexquisite!Thecolorsaresobeautiful!,Itsjustanordinarydress,Appropriateresponse:-Thankyou/Iamflattered/Itsagiftfrommyboyfriend.,Implication:TheAmericanwomanstasteinclothingwasquestionable.,-,5,Example2,Mr.ChenisanoutstandingphysicistandoneofthenicestpeopleIknow.,ShouldIblush,orshouldItellhimyoudontreallymeanit?,Appropriateresponse:Nicetomeetyou,Implication:Thehostesswasnotsincere.,-,6,Chinesecompliments,Chinaisanestablishedcountrywithfivethousandyearscultureandcivilizationandisknownforitsetiquette.,-,7,InfluencedbytheideaofConfucius,peopleextremelyvaluethepolitenessandregardmodestasavirtueinthecommunication.whentheycommunicatewithothers,withapoliteandmodestpattern,theyareoftenconsiderateandunwillingtoannoyothersandtomakeothersfeelembarrassed.,-,8,在汉文化中,对于恭维语的应答也总是消极的,以此显示谦逊的美德。比如,“哪里,哪里”、“不好”、“差的远”等。在过去,如果一个人接受了他人的赞美,就会被认为很傲慢、自负,至少是没有礼貌的。这种行为和中国人根深蒂固的观念有着直接的联系:谦卑是一种美德。但是,过分的谦虚就会使人感到虚伪、不真诚,会冲淡彼此之间的感情中国人的过分谦虚就让西方人难以忍受,常常引起他们的不快和误解。如一个中国人邀请一个英国参观团:“WouldyouhonormebycomingtomyhumblehometoasimplemealonSundayevening?”直译英语便成为:“诸位,星期天晚上可否赏光到寒舍吃顿便饭?”英国人纳闷了:首先,他们会觉得是一种侮辱,因为既然房子不好(humblehome),菜不好(simplemeal),还要请我们去?还有,万一去了发现房子好,菜好,却偏要说得那么谦卑,岂非虚伪?如果只是简单地说成:“IdliketohaveyoucomeoverfordinnerSundayevening.”(请你们星期天晚上到我家吃饭。)”通过对几部中国电影的回顾,我们会发现中国人对恭维语的回应策略正在发生着变化,这些回应策略可以归纳为以下四种类型：,-,9,(1)在电影爱情麻辣烫中:用非言语交际行为接受恭维。换句话说,不使用语言而用微笑作出反应。王艾:今天你穿的裙子真好看!小玲:(笑)(2)在电影生死抉择中:人物用言语直接接受恭维,比如“谢谢”。李:小于,你的菜越做越好了。于:谢谢李叔!(3)在电影爱情麻辣烫中:解释说明,在内心接受赞美的情况下以显示自己的谦虚。赵:你手艺太好了,色香味俱全,一定好吃。钱:这也就是随便搞一搞嘛!(4)在电影生死抉择中:回敬称赞。接受称赞的同时再称赞对方。老师:李市长,梅梅的画越来越有长进了,这孩子其实挺有绘画天分。李:哪里,还是你这位大画家教的好啊!,-,10,一个高高瘦瘦的小姐新买了一件掐腰的短上衣，兴冲冲地邀女友品评。女友见她穿了新衣越发状如衣板，不禁脱口说道：“这件衣服并不适合你。”对方顿时面沉如水。女友见状自责，转而笑吟吟地说道：“像你这样苗条又修长的身材，如果穿上那种宽松肥大长至膝下的衣服，就会越发显得神采飘逸、潇洒大方了。那些矮而又胖的人就穿不出这种气质来。”小姐听罢顿时转怒为喜。,-,11,Englishcompliments,西方人有一种习惯，见面除谈天气以外，喜欢向对方说一些恭维话（compliment）,表示赞美、敬意，或只是表示问候，或没话找话的搭讪。恭维话的范围很广，从人的相貌、服装、首饰，到发型、健康状况，甚至会恭维你佩戴的一只手表、一只钢笔。有人主张，听到恭维话后，只需简单地回答“Thankyou.”这固然不错，然而在实际生活中，恭维话往往有许多不同情况，因此，回应也不应千篇一律。顺便说一下，恭维话必须恰到好处，不能过分，否则就变成挖苦了。,-,12,ComplimentLarry!Comehere!saidhisfuriousmother,puttingthetelephonedown,IvejusthadacallfromMrs.HarrisonaboutyourbehaviortoherDorisattheschooldancelastnight.Youwretched,rudeboy!Iwasnicetoher,Mum,reallyIwas!protestedtheyouth.Ievenpaidheracomplimentwhenwehadadance.Didyou,indeed?saidhismothergrimly,Andwhatexactlydidyousay?Isaid,Gosh,Doris,yousweatlessthananyfatgirlIveeverdancedwith!,-,13,Sometypicalcompliments,1yourelookingsharp!（你看上去真精神/真棒/真漂亮。）【与众不同表扬！】2youalwaysknowtherightthingtosay.=youreveryeloquent.（你总是说话得体。）【高层次的表扬！】3.whatanadorablebaby!（多么可爱的孩子。）4.Iadmireyourwork.=Irespectyourwork.（我对你的工作表示敬意。）【世界通用！】6.youvegotagreatpersonality.（你的个性很好。）【一个非常安全的表扬！】7.youtwomakealovelycouple.（你们真是天生的一对！）8.youlookniceinthatcolor.（你穿那种颜色很好看。）9.youlooklikeamilliondollars.=youlookoutstanding.=youlooklikeamoviestar.（你看上去帅呆了。）,-,14,CommonResponseFormulasofEnglishandChineseCompliments,才花了我十元。大家努力的结果。还差得远哩。,ResponsesinAmericanEnglish,Imgladyoulikeit.Thankyou/Thanks.,ResponsesinChinese,NativeEnglishspeakerstendtoacceptthecompliments,atleastinform,Chinesetendtoeffacethemselvesinwords,althoughtheydofeelcomfortableaboutthecompliments.(P55),-,15,-,16,Englishcomplimentsresponses,1赞同型（西方国家多数人听到恭维后采用这种类型的回应）（1）接受恭维，心安理得欣赏对方对自己的恭维A:Ireallylikethatshirt.B:Thanks./Thankyou./(Smile)加以解释、评论A:Ilikeyourlonghair.B:Me,too./Thanks,itsmyfavorite,too.赞美升级A:Well,youhaveagreathaircut.B:ThatsbecauseIhavethegreatesthairdresserintheworld.,-,17,（2）叙述来历，不厌其烦A:Ilikeyourshoes.Theyarecute.B:Igotthesetwoyearsago.Mydressshoesworeout,soIwenttothemallwith$20andgotthese.（3）转移目标，暗自接受恭维不直接回答对方的恭维，而是重述一句，暗含对恭维的接受A:Thatsbeautifulnecklace.B:Itwasmygrandmothers.用同样的恭维回敬对方A:Ilikeyourshirt,Sharon.B:Thanks,Deb.Ilikeyours,too.,-,18,2反对型（1）降格，即暗示对方的恭维有不适之词A:Hey,thatsareallynicecar.B:Youshouldhaveseenittwoyearsagowhenitwasnew.Itdidnthavethedents(凹痕)then.(2)质疑A:Nicesweater.B:Doyoureallythinkso?/What?Areyoukidding?/Youlikeit?(3)不接受不赞成A:Yourhairlooksgood.B:Itstooshort./Ihateit.(4)不置可否（不接话茬，或沉默）A:Thatsabeautifulsweater.B:Didyoufinishtheassignmentfortoday?/(Silence),Howdopeoplerespondtocompliments?,Differentculturesmayhavedifferentways.NowletslookatthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternpeople.,-,20,Culturescomparison,在交际中,我们不仅要懂得使用语言的策略,而且更应该知道如何在合适的场合使用这些策略,如果忽略了这些策略就有可能导致语用失误。1Youlookniceandyoungerwearingthisdress.2Yourarereallyrich.在两个例子中,第一个恭维妇女看起来更年轻,但这句话很可能得罪人,因为它可以理解为Youusuallylookold;itisonlythisdressthatmakesyouappearyounger。第二句话也可能形成误解,一般说来英美人不愿让别人知道和谈论自己的经济状况。3恭维外国人买的东西多。Whatalotyoubought.这句汉语中很得体的恭维语,在操英语的人听来却根本没有恭维之意,原因也在于文化的差异.,-,21,中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎，对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。如：“您的英语讲得真好。”“哪里，哪里，一点也不行。”“菜做得很好吃。”“过奖，过奖，做得不好，请原谅。,-,22,西方人从来不过分谦虚，对恭维一般表示谢意，表现出一种自强自信的信念如：“YoucanspeakverygoodFrench”“Thankyou”“Itsawonderfuldish！”“Iamgladyoulikeit”所以，学生要注意当说英语的人称赞你时，千万不要回答：“No，Idontthinkso”这种回答在西方人看来是不礼貌的，甚至是虚伪的,-,23,Complimentsandresponsetocomplimentsistopraisetheaddresseesvirtues,ability,behavior,appearance,clothing,personalityandbelongings.Appropriatecomplimentscanserveaseffectivesupplementarymeansininter-personalcommunication.WesternandChineseculturesareatpolaroppositesaboutcompliment.,-,24,Respondingtocomplimentsofcookingskill,Anwesternhostess,ifsheiscomplimentedforhercookingskill,islikelytosay,Oh,Iamsogladthatyoulikedit,Icookitespeciallyforyou.NotsoisaChinesehostess,whowillinsteadapologizeforgivingyou“nothing”,Theywillsay“随便做几个菜，不好吃。”IftranslatethisintoEnglish“Ijustmakesomedishescasuallyandtheyarenotverytasty.”,Perhapstheforeignerwillthinkwhyyouinvitemetoyourfamilyandhavetheuntastyfood.Youarenotrespectingme.TheEnglish-speakingpeoplearemoreactivetopraiseothersandtobepraisethanChinesepeople.,Page26,Forexample,theAmericansare“straightforwardness”,theChinesetakepridein“modesty”.ThatmodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericanstable,forChinesepolitenesscallsforthreerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanofferandtheAmericanshoststake“no”tomean“no”,whetheritisthefirst,second,orthirdtime.,Page27,Forexample,intherespon