《英汉互译实践与技巧》第十三章-科技英语翻译.ppt

第十三讲科技英语翻译,一、教学重点：1.英语技术词语的构成2.科技英语的翻译方法二、教学内容：1.英语技术词语的构成2.科技英语的句法特点3.科技英语的翻译方法,.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms英语技术词语的构成,1.Affixation缀合法：prefixandsuffixminiultrasonicprober=mini+ultra+sonic+prober微型超声波金属探伤仪macrospacetransship=macro+space+trans+ship巨型空间转运飞船teletypesetter=tele+type+setter电传排宇机bathythermograph=bathy+thermo+graph海水测温仪barothermograph=baro+thermo+graph气压温度记录器deoxyribonucleic=de+oxy+ribo+nucleic脱氧核糖核的photomoiphogenesis=photo+morpho+genesis光形态发生,.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms英语技术词语的构成,2.Compounding复合法Combiningwithahyphen：salt-former卤素，dew-point露点，pulse-sealer脉冲定标器combiningwithoutahyphen:fallout放射性尘埃，hovercraft气垫船，waterlock水闸，thunderstorm雷暴twoormoreseparatewordsformingawordcombination:verbaltranslator逐字翻译机,satelliteantimissileobservationsystem卫星反导弹观察系统bullseye(靶心)，cat-and-mouse(航向与指挥的)，doghouse(高频高压电源屏蔽罩),.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms英语技术词语的构成,3.Blending缩合法smog=smoke+fog烟雾brunch=breakfast+lunch早午餐/晚早餐telex=teleprinter+exchange电传gravisphere=gravity+sphere引力范围medicare=medical+care医疗保健biorhythm=biological+rhythm生理节奏copytron=copy+electron电子复写(技术),4.Acronym首字母缩略ADPautomaticdataprocessing自动数据处理AIDSAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome艾滋病EDPMelectronicdataprocessingmachine电子数据处理机MOUSEminimumorbitalunmannedsatelliteoftheearth(仪表载重50公斤以下的)不载人的最小人造地球卫星SALTStrategicArmsLimitationTalks限制战略武器会谈SNAPsubsystemfornuclearauxiliarypower(原子)核辅助动力子系统ASairscoop空气收集器airseasoned风干的(木材)airspeed空速、气流速率airstation航空站、飞机场AmericanStandard美国标准atmosphereandspace大气层与宇宙空间,.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms英语技术词语的构成,5.ProperNouns专有名词Xerox静电复制(derivedfromatrademark)IBMSystemIBM系统(derivedfromaUScorporation)Kuru库鲁病(derivedfromaplaceineasternNewGuinea)Alfvenwave阿尔文波(derivedfromtheSwedishastrophysicistHannesAlfven),.CharacteristicsSyntaxofEST科技英语的句法特点,1、MoreLongandComplicatedSentencesOneofthemostimportantthingswhichtheeconomictheoriescancontributetomanagementscienceisbuildinganalyticalmodelswhichhelpinrecognizingthestructureofmanagerialproblems,eliminatingtheminordetailswhichmightobstructdecisionmaking,andmconcentratingonthemainissues.经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建立分析模型。这种模型有助于认识管理问题的构成，排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精力去解决主要的问题。,.CharacteristicsSyntaxofEST科技英语的句法特点,2、HighFrequencyofNounPhrases(MoreNominalization)Allsubstanceswillpermitthepassageofsomeelectriccurrent,providedthepotentialdifferenceishighenough.PoorTranslation:只要有足够的电位差，所有物体都允许一些电流通过。IdiomaticTranslation:只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。,3、ExtensiveUseofhePassiveVoiceGeneralEnglish：Peoplegetnaturalrubberfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquid,whichiscalledlatex.Theymixitwithacid,anddyit,andthentheysendittocountriesallovertheworld.ChineseVersion:人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是一种叫做乳胶的白色乳状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运往世界各国。ScientificEnglish:Naturalrubberisobtainedfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquidknownaslatex.Thisistreatedwithacidanddried,beforebeingdispatchedtocountriesallovertheworld.ChineseVersion:天然橡胶一种叫做乳胶的白色乳状液体取自橡胶树。在运往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。,4、MoreNon-FiniteFormsoftheVerbTodaytheelectroniccomputeriswidelyusedhisolvingmathematicalproblemshavingtodowithweatherforecastingandputtingsatellitesintoorbit.今天，电子计算机广泛地用于解决一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送人轨道有关。5、DifferentUsesoftheTenseWhensteamiscondensedagaintowater,thesameamountofheatisgivenoutaswastakeninwhenmesteamwasformed.当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其原来形成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。,.CharacteristicsSyntaxofEST科技英语的句法特点,6、ThePost-PositionoftheAttributiveTheforceupwardequalstheforcedownwardsothattheballoonstaysatthesameheight.向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。,.MethodsofTranslatingEST科技英语的翻译方法,1、ExpandingNounPhrasesintoSeparateClausesTheslightlyporousnatureofthesurfaceoftheoxidefilmallowsittobecoloredwitheitherorganicorinorganicdyes.氧化膜表面具有轻微的渗透性，因此可以用有机或无机染料着色。2、ConvertingNounPhrasesintoVerb-objectStructuresThebuildingofthesegiantironandsteelworkswillgreatlyacceleratethedevelopmentoftheironandsteelindustryofourcountry.建立这些大型钢铁厂会大大加速我国钢铁工业的发展。,.MethodsEmployedintheTranslationofEST科技英语的翻译方法,3、ConvertingAttributiveElementsintoIndependentSentences,AdverbialClauses,etc.Thisisanelectricalmethod,whichismostpromisingwhenthewaterisbrackish.这是一种电气方法。当水含盐时，它最有希望。4、ConvertingthePassiveintotheActivePlantsandtreesareprovidedbynaturewithfourmeansofdispersingtheirseeds.大自然赋予草木4种传播种子的方法。,.MethodsEmployedintheTranslationofEST科技英语的翻译方法,5、SupplementingNecessaryWordstoIndicateDifferentTensesItwasunderstoodthatatomswerethesmallestelements.Itisknownnowthatatomsarefurtherdividedintonucleiandelectrons,neutronsandprotons,etc.以前人们认为原子是最小的结构单元，现在才知道原子还可以分为原子核与电子、中子与质子等。,Practice:Pointoutmistakesinthefollowingtranslationandcorrectthem.1.In1872,hepublishedtheresultsinapapertitledTheGalvanicChain,MathematicallyTreated.*在1872年，他用电流的链、数学化处理为标题在报纸上发表了这个结果。2.Theimportanceofsuperconductorsintheusesofelectricitycannotbeoverestimated.*超导体在电器应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。3.Duringonefour-yearperiodabout600yearsagotheBlackDeathkilledatleast25millionpeopleinEurope.*大约600年前，黑死病在4年中至少使2500万欧洲人死亡。4.Thepilotlampstoppedtorepresenttheterminationof1heoperation.*指示灯停止显示操作终止。,1.In1872,hepublishedtheresultsinapapertitledTheGalvanicChain,MathematicallyTreated.1872年，他在以电流的链、数学化处理为标题的论文里发表了这个结果。2.Theimportanceofsuperconductorsintheusesofelectricitycannotbeoverestimated.对超导体在电器应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。3.Duringonefour-yearperiodabout600yearsagotheBlackDeathkilledatleast25millionpeopleinEurope.大约在600年前，黑死病一次流行了4年，至少使2500万欧洲人死亡。4.Thepilotlampstoppedtorepresenttheterminationof1heoperation.指示灯熄灭，以表示操作终止。,5.Ifadesignerweretodesignabrackettosupport100lb.whenitshouldhavebeenfiguredfor1000lb.,failurewouldbeforthcoming.*如果设汁