兽医专业英语(扬州大学)l课件

XiaoquanWangKeyLaboratoryofAnimalInfectiousDiseasesofMinistryofAgriculture,SchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou,Jiangsu,ChapterThreePreventiveVeterinarySciences,Newwordsandphrases,prosecution,prsikju:nn.起诉，检举；进行；经营Tenuretenju,tenjn.任期；占有;vt.授予终身职位Coordinatedku:dineitidvt.调整；调节；整理;adj.协调的Physiologicadj.生理的；生理学的Microbemaikrubn.细菌，微生物Macromolecule,mkrumlikju:ln.高分子；大分子Polysaccharide,pliskraidn.有化多糖；多聚糖Pathologic,pldikadj.病理学的；病态的Bubonicbju:bnikadj.腹股沟腺炎的Smallpoxsm:lpksn.天花Inhaleinheilvt.吸入；猛吃猛喝vi.吸气disciplinedisiplinn.学科；纪律；训练；惩罚;vt.训练，训导；惩戒,Newwordsandphrases,Manipulatemnipjuleitvt.操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改contractvi.收缩；感染；订约;vt.染上（恶习，疾病等）;感染；订约；使缩短n.合同；婚约Pustulepstju:ln.皮肤脓疱Intentionallyintennliadv.故意地，有意地inoculate给做预防注射treatisetri:tiz,-tis论文，专著Eloquentadj.意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的Immunochemistry,imjunukemistriCrystallography,kristlrfin.晶体结晶学Geneticallydenetikliadv.从遗传学角度；从基因方面biochemicaltransgenicKnockoutnkautadj.淘汰的；击倒的；迷人的;n.淘汰赛；击倒；给人留下深刻印象的人；绝代佳人;剔除，敲除,ThetermimmunityisderivedfromtheLatinwordimmunitas,whichreferredtotheexemptionfromvariouscivicdutiesandlegalprosecutionofferedtoRomansenatorsduringtheirtenuresinoffice.Historically,immunitymeantprotectionfromdiseaseand,morespecifically,infectiousdisease.,LessonTwelveImunology,Thecellsandmoleculesresponsibleforimmunityconstitutetheimmunesystem,andtheircollective（共同的）andcoordinated（协调的）responsetotheintroductionofforeignsubstancesiscalledtheimmuneresponse.,Constitutevt.组成，构成；Comprisevt.包含；由组成Contain含有Involve包含，涉及,Thephysiologicfunctionoftheimmunesystemisdefenseagainstinfectiousmicrobes.However,evennoninfectiousforeignsubstancescanelicitimmuneresponses.Furthermore,mechanismsthatnormallyprotectindividualsfrominfectionandeliminateforeignsubstancesarethemselvescapableofcausingtissueinjuryanddiseaseinsomesituations.,Therefore,amoreinclusivedefinitionofimmunityisreactiontoforeignsubstances,includingmicrobes,aswellastomacromoleculessuchasproteinsandpolysaccharides,regardlessofthephysiologicorpathologicconsequenceofsuchareaction.Immunologyisthestudyofimmunityinthisbroadersense,andofthecellularandmoleculareventsthatoccurafteranorganismencountersmicrobesandotherforeignmacromolecules.,Theconceptofimmunitymayhaveexistedlongbefore,assuggestedbytheancientChinesecustomof（关于，与有关）makingchildrenresistanttosmallpoxbyhavingtheminhalepowdersmadefromtheskinlesionsofpatientsrecoveringfromthedisease.,as作关系代词的用法;as单独引导定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子或短语。例如：Sheislate,asisoftenthecase.她迟到了，这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句),Immunology,initsmodernform,isanexperimentalscience,inwhichexplanationsofimmunologicphenomenaarebasedonexperimentalobservationsandtheconclusionsdrawnfromthem(experimentalobservations).Theevolutionofimmunologyasanexperimentaldisciplinehasdependedonourabilitytomanipulatethefunctionoftheimmunesystemundercontrolledconditions.,as作介词的用法as作介词，意思是作为，以身份。例如：HecametoChinaasatouristfiveyearsago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。,Historically,thefirstclearexampleofthismanipulation,andonethatremainsamongthemostdramaticeverrecorded,wasEdwardJennerssuccessfulvaccinationagainstsmallpox.Jenner,anEnglishphysician,noticedthatmilkmaidswhohadrecoveredfromcowpoxnevercontractedthemoreserioussmallpox.,Basedonthisobservation,heinjectedthematerialfromacowpoxpustuleintothearmofan8-year-oldboy.Whenthisboywaslaterintentionallyinoculatedwithsmallpox,thediseasedidnotdevelop.Jennerslandmarktreatisetri:tizonvaccination(Latinvaccinus,oforfromcows)waspublishedin1798.,Itledtothewidespreadacceptanceofthismethodforinducingimmunitytoinfectiousdiseases,andvaccinationremainsthemosteffectivemethodforpreventinginfections.AneloquenttestamenttotheimportanceofimmunologywastheannouncementbytheWorldHealthOrganizationin1980thatsmallpoxwasthefirstdiseasethathadbeeneradicatedworldwidebyaprogramofvaccination.,Sincethe1960s,therehasbeenaremarkabletransformationinourunderstandingoftheimmunesystemanditsfunctions.Advancesincellculturetechniques(includingmonoclonalantibodyproduction),immunochemistry,recombinantDNAmethodology,X-raycrystallography,andcreatio