大学英语四级作文模板(修改版)ppt课件

.,英语四级写作,.,第一部分,第一、四级作文的评分标准和要求一、考核目的考核学生用英语进行书面表达的初步能力。二、考核要求：1.时间：30分钟2.字数：120词以上（120150）3.题型：1）根据给出的段首句续写2）根据中文提要作文3）根据图表写作4）书信写作三、评分原则：1.大学英语考试的目的是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评分应以此要求为准则。2.大学英语考试作文题采用总体评分(GlobalScoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(RewardScores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,.,四、评分标准：1作文题满分为15分。阅卷标准共人为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。8分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。11分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如8分）相似，即定为（8分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分（9分）或减一分（7分），但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：,注：1、如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。2、只写一段者：04分，只写两段者：09分（指规定三段的作文）3、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给零分。2.设作文最低分，采用下列成绩计算方法：1）作文分为0分者，总分即使高于60分，一律作不及格处理；2）作文分大于0分小于6分者，按下列方式计算成绩：最后报道分=原计算总分6+作文实得分,.,四级写作内容篇,题材现实性四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性，基本可以分为两大类：1.贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生活的校园题材2.论及当前社会的现象、发展变化及进步的热点话题。,.,1.Limitingtheuseofdisposablepalsticbag(2008.12)解决问题2.Creatingagreencampus(2009.6)解决问题3.Dueattentionshouldbegiventospelling(2009.12)现象分析4.Howshouldparentshelpchildrentobeindependent?(2010.12)解决问题5.Onlineshoping(2011.6)分析利弊6.Onexcessivepackaging(2012.6)现象分析7.图表作文Educationpays(2012.12)现象分析8.图表作文Theimportanceofdoingsmallthings(2013.6)解决问题9.图表作文(2013.12),校园题材,.,关于此类题材的近五年的真题作文列举如下：1.LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags(2008.12)2.SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV(2006.12)-3HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentobeIndependent?（2010）1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该四级作文命题透析,社会热点话题,.,健康:1身体健康-health:physical:-keepfit;wellbeing(emotional/physical/psychological)2008.12/2008.06/2007.12/98.06/93.01/91/902人的心理健康：psychologically,mentally:independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,selfish,isolated,conservative-2009.12(绿色校园不仅指绿色环境）/2007.12/2007.06参加社团缓解压力,.,教育与娱乐：recreation,relax,entertainment;cultivate,foster,enlighten,giveinspirationto,motivate,expandoneshorizon,促进学生身心发展：promotethestudentsphysical,intellectualandemotionaldevelopment(well-rounded/versatile)mouldonescharacter;teamspirit2009.06(博物馆免费开放的目的）-2008.06（娱乐使人们受益）/2007.12(学生选课不同原因)/2007.06(参加社团的好处)/2006.12(看春晚),.,十二句作文法的原则,1、只背句型和模版，不背范文。2、先写死，后写活。,.,十二句作文法的特点,1、适用性强。2、模板通用。3、简便易学。,.,十二句作文法的运用,1、“十二句”的字数决定文章的种类。2、“十二句”的结构决定文章的难度。,.,十二句作文法,.,十二句作文法写作模板,现象解释型问题解决型对比选择型,.,现象解释型,这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释,并加以评论。特点：第一段：描述现象；第二段：分析或阐述这种现象或存在的原因；第三段：提出建议或总结观点。,.,现象解释型模板,首段（描述现象A）Nowadays,withthereform/developmentof（现象的背景）,moreandmorepeople/anincreasingnumberofpeople（描述现象）.Thisphenomenonhasbeenbroughtintopublicfocusandcalledforfurtherconcern.,1)Bebroughtintopublicfocus：引起人们的关注2）callfor要求、需要,.,现象解释型模板,首段（描述现象B）Inrecentyears,whereveryougo,（描述现象）.Thisissuehasarousedthegreatestconcern.,Arousethegreatestconcern:引起极大关注,.,现象解释型模板,首段（描述现象C）Currently,alongwiththeadvanceofthesociety,animportantissuethat（描述现象）isbroughttoourattention.Consequently,（概况描述现象产生的结果）.,Bebroughttoourattention:引起了我们的注意,.,现象解释型模板,中间段（分析现象A）Justaswhathashappenedtoanythingintheworld,manyfactorsleadtoOnonehand,._.Ontheotherhand，.Whatsmore，._.Ourlistofcontributorscouldgoon,buttheforegoingonesarealreadyenoughtogiveusadeepinsightintothephenomenon,本模板第3句的空格中应该填上某个需要解释的现象或事件，第4句提出原因I，第6句提出原因，第8句提出原因，第5、第7和第9句对这3个原因进行了进一步论述。,1)Givesbadeepinsightinto:使、对、有了深入解；2)foregoing：前面提到的（above-mentioned）3)contributor:促成因素，贡献者,.,现象解释型模板,中间段（分析现象B）Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthephenomenon,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.Firstofall,（原因一）.Whatsmore,（原因二）.Inaddition,（原因三）.,Accountfor解释,.,现象解释型模板,结尾段（作者看法+前景展望A）AsfarasIamconcerned,（作者对现象的看法）Thereisstillalongwayforusto（促进或限制现象）,butasastudentmyself,Ifinditrewardingandinteresting.,Rewarding:有报酬的、值得做的,.,现象解释型模板,结尾段（现象产生的结果B）Thisissuemayleadtoanumberofunfavorableconsequences,withthefollowingtwothemostserious.Foronething,（后果一）.Foranother,（后果二）.Theawarenessoftheimportanceofthisissueshouldbeenhancedandsomepropermeasuresshouldbetaken.Itisreasonableforustobelievethatthesituationwillbeimprovedinthenearfuture.,具体句子数量可根据实际需要调整。,.,范文模板应用,2007年12月英语四级作文题目及范文WhatElectivestoChoose1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3、以你自己为例见word版范文。2007年12月.doc分析现象.doc,.,范文模板应用,2010年6月英语四级作文题目及范文DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.这种现象导致的结果2010年6.doc,.,问题解决型,这类命题通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。特点：第一段：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性或意义；第二段：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；第三段：针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。此题型的写作重点在How，即解决问题的办法。,.,问题解决型模板,首段（提出问题A）Nowadays,withtherapideconomicaldevelopmentandintensecompetition,peopleareattachingmoreandmoreimportanceto（g提出问题）。Soitisofgreatimportanceforusto（关注问题的要性）.Ononehand,（问题后果一）.Ontheotherhand,（问题的后果二）.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.,1)Attachimportanceto重视=placeimportanceon2)sparenoeffortsto竭尽全力、努力去做3）takesomemeasureto采取措辞,.,问题解决型模板,首段（提出问题B）Alongwiththeadvanceofthesociety,moreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichisthat（提出问题）。Itisofgreatsignificancethat（解决问题很必要）.Ononehand,（解决问题的必要性一）.Ontheotherhand,（解决问题的必要性一）.Accordingly,howtosolvetheproblembecomesthetoppriorityforus.,Toppriority:应予最优先考虑的事,.,中间段（解决问题的办法A）Therearemanystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,(途径一).Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis(途径二).,问题解决型模板,steps=measures2)undo=solve3)Contributeto有助于,.,中间段（解决问题的办法B）Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybethemosteffective.Firstofall,.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemis.Finally,.Thesearenotthebestandtheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake,butitshouldbenotedthat_.,本模版中第6句为主题句，第7、8和9句提供3个途径，第10句为结论。,问题解决型模板,.,结尾段（总结+个人选择+前景展望）Infact,morethanthreewayscanbeadoptedtosolvetheproblemof(具体问题),Asforme,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,（方法）.Anyway,Imconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitinguswhenallofusmakejointeffortstosolvethisproblem.,问题解决型模板,Makejointeffortsto共同努力做、,.,范文模板应用,2000年1月大学英语四级作文题目及范文HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation1.上大学的费用（tuitionandfees）可以通过多种渠道解决2.那种渠道适合于我（说明理由）见word版范文。2000年1.doc,.,对比选择型,对比/比较分析或观点对比类型作文例如：ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?(2005.12)1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3.我认为。IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。2.也有人持不用的意见。3.我的看法和打算,.,对比论述型,真题实战IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?（2000.6）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofthetopicIsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2.也有人持不同的意见，3.我的看法和打算,.,对比论述型范文欣赏,WhenitcomestothetestofspokenEnglish,peoplesopinionsdiffer.Manypeoplebelievethatitisnecessarytoadoptsuchatest.Foronething,fluentspeakingabilityisbadlyneededintodayssocietythatisexperiencingreformandopening-up.Foranother,inamorecompetitivesocietysuchasourstoday,fluentspokenEnglishmeansmoreadvantageyouhavetobeatyourrivalincompetingforapositionwithmuchappealtobothofyou.Somepeople,however,takeadifferentattitude.Theyregardthetestasbeingunnecessary.Intheirviews,fluentspokenEnglishdoesnotnecessarilymeanabetterjob;sometimes,opportunityplaysamoreimportantrole.Furthermore,manypeopledonotusespokenEnglishatallintheirwork.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iamreallyinfavorofthetest.Ontheonehand,itcanencouragecollegestudentstotryeverymeanstoimprovetheirspokenEnglish.Ontheotherhand,collegestudentswillbenefitendlesslyintheirfuturecareeriftheycanspeakfluentEnglish.SoIdecidetomakeuseofeveryopportunitytopracticemyspokenEnglish,andsurelyitwilldomemuchgood.,.,模式1Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsabout（讨论主题）.Somepeoplebelieve(argue,recognize,think)that（观点1）.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat(观点2)./Otherpeople,however,thinkthat（观点2）Asforme,Iagreewiththeformer/latteridea.(Iaminfavorofthefirst/secondidea.)(Thefollowingarethereasonsof/formychoice/personalinclination.)Firstofall,(论据1).Moreimportantly,(论据2).Mostimportantofall,.(论据3).Insummary,(总结观点).Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto(表决心).或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat(预测).模式2Peoplesideas/opinions/viewson（讨论主题）varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplehold/thinkthat.(观点1).Fromtheirpointofview,.However,othershold/thinkthat(观点2).Intheiropinion,./Yetotherpeopledontthinkinthisway.Theyarguethat(观点2).AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latteropinionholdsmoreweight.Foronething,(论据1).Foranother,(论据2).Lastbutnottheleast,(论据3)./Firstofall,(论据1)。Furthermore,(论据2)。Amongallofthesupportingevidences,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,(论据3)。Toconclude,(总结观点).Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto(表决心).或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat(预测).模式3Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson(讨论主题).Somepeoplethinkthat（观点1）.Otherpeopleholdthat(观点2).Thosewhoholdthefirstopinionthinkthat（观点1）(论据1，2，3)Onthecontrary,thosewhoholdthesecondviewthinkthat（观点2）(论据1，2，3)Asforme,Iagreewiththeformer/latteropinion.(论据1，2，3)ThereforeIholdthat(观点1/2.)练习：1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。2.我认为数字和运气无关，DoLuckyNumbersReallyBringGoodLuck?,.,第一、写作中的常用句式一、开头常用语式(主题段的引入)AproverbsaysAstheproverbsaysSomepeoplesaythatManypeoplebelievethatItisgenerallybelievedthatWeallknowthatAsweallknowItisquiteclearthatVariousviewsexistasto,butTherearemanyarguments/opinions/viewsaboutThereismuchdiscussionabout/attentiontoItiswellknownthatItissaidthatIthasbeenfoundthatItiseasytoseethatThepiegraphshowsArecentsurveyprovidesThechart/graph/tableshowsNoonecandenythatNowadays,.Atpresent,.,二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）通常按重要程度排列，我们习惯于先说最重要的，西方人则相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。1表示“首先”first,firstly,firstofall,tobeginwith在跌降法里用firstandforemost但不可用atfirst。2表示“第二”、“此外”“其次”、“况且”second,secondly,and,besides,moreover,additionally,furthermore,whatsmore,inaddition,besides+名词短语，inadditionto+名词短语，another+名词短语3表示“最后”finally,last,lastly,但不可用atlast或intheend。4表示“最重要的是”aboveall,mostimportantofall，在跌降法里用lastbutnotleast最后但并非最不重要的是。5.表示“更严重的是”、“更糟糕的是”moreserious,evenworse,tomakematterworse6.表示“最为严重的是”、“最糟糕的是”mostseriousofall,worstofall例如：1）Firstofall,论据1.Moreimportantly,论据2.Mostimportantofall,论据3.Insummary,总结观点.2)Theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows：First,好处1.Besides,好处2.Mostimportantofall,好处3.Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,坏处1.Tomakematterworse,坏处2.Worstofall,坏处3.Fromtheaboveanalysis,Ibelieve观点.3）Foronething,论据1.Foranother,论据2.Lastbutnottheleast,论据3.Toconclude,总结观点或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat预测.4）Firstofall,论据1。Furthermore,论据2。Amongallofthesupportingevidences,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,论据3。Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat总结观点。或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat预测.,.,例文,KeytoSuccessInsuchacompetitivesociety,everyonehasastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandinhislife.Buthowtoachievesuccess?Inmyopinion,therearethreemainkeysaclearobjective,strongwillpoweranddiligence.First,itisveryimportanttosetupagoalbeforeyoustart.Noonecanbesuccessfulwithoutagoalinhismind.Besides,youneedastrongwillpowertokeepyougoahead.Therealwaysaretoughstonesineveryroadtosuccess.Whetheryoucangothroughitdependsonwhetheryouarepersistentenough.Lastbutnotleast,everyonewhowantstosuceedshouldbediligent.Thereisandoldsaying,“Nopains,nogains.”Mostsuccessfulpeopleowetheirsuccesstohardworking,suchasEinstein.Inconclusion,ifwewanttobesuccessful,wehavetomasterthethreemainkeysmentionedabove.Thereisnoshortcuttosuccess.Thethreekeyswillassureyoutorealizeyourbeautifuldream.练习：Advertisement1）广告给人们带来的益处。2）广告给人们带来的烦恼。Advertisementcanbeaservicetopeople.First,itisinformative,andcanhelppeoplebuyandsellgoods.Second,itcanwidenpeoplesknowledge,andmakepeoplemoreexperienced.Lastly,peoplecanenjoythemselvesthroughthoseprogramswhichadvertisementshavebeenputinto.Someadvertisements,however,arenotveryusefultopeople,sometimesevenharmful.Anadvertisementlikethis,forexample,mayputthousandsofwomenandgirlsintotrouble.Disillusionedwithlife,love,marriage?Youneedhelp.Phoneme.AndtheSaviorgiveshisphonenumbertohissheep.,.,5其他词语或句式：1）用于强调：afterall,anyway,infact,indeed,apparently,clearly,obviously,especially,2）用于对比：however,ononehand,ontheotherhand,incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereas,instead,but,differentfrom,3）用于比较：similarly,likewise,like,inthesameway,4）用于列举：forexample,forinstance,suchas,takeforgranted,except(for)5）表示时间：later,then,next,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,afterthat,fromnowon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,aftersometime,intheend,immediately,inthemeantime,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,presently,since,assoonas,afterwards,sometimelater,temporally,inthemeanwhile,afterawhile,6）用于解释：inotherwords,asamatteroffact,thatis,7)用于让步：although,inspiteof,despite,eventhough,evenif,though,nomatterhow8)用于结果：consequently,thus,asaresult,asaconsequence,hence,so,therefore,accordingly9)其他：notonlybutalso,asfarasIamconcerned,whenitcomesto,inpractice,inprinciple,anotherkeyaspectofis,itistruethat,whatismoreseriousis,thereisnodoubtthat,butitisapitythat,butthetrouble/problem/pointis例1BrainDraininChina(接开头)1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。However,peopleseethisphenomenonindifferentperspectives.SomeholdtheopinionthatChinasuffersalotfrombraindrain.Theyargue,ontheonehand,thatbraindrainconsiderablyweakensourinternationalcompetitiveness.Ontheotherhand,theybelievethatthetalentshouldservetheirnativecountryfirst.Incontrast,othershighlighttheadvantagesofinternationalexchangeandcooperation.TheyclaimthatChineseyouthsshouldgoabroadtostudyandgainmoreexperience.Whatsmore,thelong-termbenefitswilloutweighlosseswesuffernow.,.,三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）1表示“总之”、“总而言之”、“简言之”inconclusion,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole2“综上所述”fromtheforegoing,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,fromtheaboveanalysisObviously（此为过渡短语）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatThus,itcanbeconcludedthat,Therefore,wecanfindthatObviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.例1Vacation,LongorShortOnethewhole,eitherlongorshortvacationhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Whatmatters