初中被动语态讲解 (2)ppt课件

被动语态,ThePassiveVoice,Cindy,1,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice),A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Weplantedthetree.,Thetreewasplantedbyus.,注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态,2,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。,3,1.一般现在时：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词2.一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词3.现在/过去完成时：has/have/had+been+及物动词的过去分词4.一般将来时：will+be+及物动词的过去分词5.含有情态动词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词6.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词,歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面,找一找规律,4,(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,5,be+过去分词,(二)被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,6,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,arewaswere,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,动词过去分词的变化:,7,1.NowEnglish_bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken,一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are+PP,8,2.Thelostboy_atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor,一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was/were+PP,9,3.Moreman-madesatellites_inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup,一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will+be+PP主语+begoingto+be+PP,10,4.Threebridges_sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt,现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/has+been+PP,11,5.Flowers_everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater,含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+PP,12,(四)主动语态变被动语态:(1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;(2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikes,inthefactory.,aremade,them,by,13,主变被步骤:,1.找宾语:即动作的承受者(改为主语),Hewashedhiscaryesterday.,Hiscar,3.判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.,be,4.判断动词的时态:即be动词的时态.,2.修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词,washed,5.修改原句的主语:即by+主语(变宾格).,(byhim),yesterday.,iswas,was,14,1.Tombrokethewindow.Thewindow,2.Shebrokethewindows.Thewindows,3.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom,wasbroken,byTom.,werebroken,byher.,iscleaned,byhim,be动词的单复数变化:,everyday.,15,1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkintendays.,willbefinished,(bythem),2.Theyaregoingtohaveashowtomorrow.,Ashow,isgoingtobehad,(bythem),tomorrow.,16,1.Amycantakegoodcareofthecat,Thecat,canbetakengoodcareof,byAmy.,2.Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs.,Somebeautifulsongs,bythem.,shouldbesung,17,(四)被动语态的特殊情况:,1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.3)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.,18,Atrafficaccident_(happen)justnow.,happened,2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become,PekingOpera_(sound)beautiful.,sounds,3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:,Thepen_(write)veryfast.,writes,Thiskindofsweater_(sell)well.,sells,1.不及物动词（vi.)如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,不用被动语态的动词：,19,(表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：,read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,Thebooks_wellA.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed,20,1.Manyaccidents_bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause2.Anofficial_bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed3.Todayalotofinformationcan_online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving4.Imgladtofindthatmanytrees_inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted,21,5.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.A.allowsB.doesntallowC.isallowedD.isntallowed6.Dontworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept7.ItstruethatShakespearesplay_bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen,22,Correctingmistake,Correctthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?,23,4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday5)Hisplanissoundedgood,24,1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.,根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。,Writing,1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.,beplanted,bedug,bigenough,toodeep,putinto,bekeptstraight,pushbackto,pushhardwith,knockinto,bekeptstraight,betiedtowith,bewateredwell,TreesmustbeplantedinSpring.Theholemustbeduglargeenoughbutnottoodeep.