自考高级英语

Lessonone,RockSuperstars:WhatDoTheyTellUsAboutOurselvesandOurSociety,Backgroundknowledge,Rockmusic:Aformofpopularmusicthatischaracterizedbyapronounced,amplifiedbeat.Electricguitarsarealmostalwaysthemaininstrumentalsoundsource.Themodernrockbandsbasicelementsareoneormorevocalists,anelectricleadguitarandbassguitaranddrums.,MickJagger,(born26July1943)isanEnglishmusician,singer-songwriterandrecordproducer,bestknownastheleadvocalistofrockband,TheRollingStones.Jaggerhasalsoactedinandproducedseveralfilms.,Inthe1970s,Jagger,withtherestoftheStones,becametaxexiles,consolidatedtheirglobalpositionandgainedmorecontrolovertheirbusinessaffairswiththeformationoftheRollingStonesRecordslabel.Duringthistime,Jaggerwasalsoknownforhishigh-profilemarriagestoBiancaJaggerandlatertoJerryHall.Inthe1980sJaggerreleasedhisfirstsoloalbum.Hewasknightedin2003.In2006,JaggerwasrankedbyHitParaderasthefifteenthgreatestheavymetalsingerofalltime,despitenotbeingassociatedwiththegenre.,AliceCooper,AliceCooper(bornVincentDamonFurnier;February4,1948)isanAmericanrocksinger,songwriterandmusicianwhosecareerspansmorethanfourdecades.Withastageshowthatfeaturesguillotines,electricchairs,fakeblood,boaconstrictorsandbabydolls,Cooperhasdrawnequallyfromhorrormovies,vaudeville,andgaragerocktopioneeragrandlytheatricalandviolentbrandofheavymetalthatwasdesignedtoshock,BobDylan,BobDylan(bornRobertAllenZimmerman;May24,1941)isanAmericansinger-songwriterwhohasbeenamajorfigureinmusicforfivedecades.8Muchofhismostcelebratedworkdatesfromthe1960swhenhewasaninformalchronicler,andanapparentlyreluctantfigurehead,ofsocialunrest.AnumberofhissongssuchasBlowinintheWindandTheTimesTheyArea-ChanginbecameanthemsfortheUScivilrightsandanti-warmovements.Hisearlylyricsincorporatedavarietyofpolitical,socialandphilosophical,aswellasliteraryinfluences.,Wordsandexpressions,1.Adulation(n.)adulate=praiseoradmireexcessivelyadulator(n.)ass-kisser/apple-polisher/toad-eater溜须拍马的人adultadultery通奸,私通名词,Baptismal(adj.)baptism(n.)ceremonymarkingapersonsadmissionintotheChristianChurchbysprinklinghimwithwater.洗礼e.g.baptismoffirebaptizeBaptist,bewildermenttheconditionofbeingconfused迷惑(n.)e.g.abewildermentofliesandhalf-truths谎言和真假参半的困惑bewilder(v.)confuse,esp.withnumerousconflictingsituations,objectsorstatement.e.g.bewilderandconfuse,Conceivebecomepregnant怀孕（常用被动）formordevelopinthemind设想；假象e.g.conceiveaplantodosth.想出一个什么计划去做某事conceiveahatred怀恨conceiveprejudices抱有偏见conceiveofas=认为Conceivable(adj.),Crunchmovewithacrushingsound发出嘈杂声地走crunchthroughthesnowcrunchupthegravelpathchewwithanoisycracklingsoundcrunchoncelery嚼芹菜whenitcomestothecrunch当关键（困难）时刻到来时,embodyv.express表达Eg:Wordsembodythought.文字表达思想Embodimentn.化身，具体化Eg:Hisenemiescalledhimtheembodimentofevil.,Gaspdrawinthebreathsharplyasfromshock.Usage:gasponeslifeaway=breatheoneslastgasp精疲力竭；奄奄一息；最后一刻Gaspat吃惊Gaspfor/after渴望,Jug（有柄有嘴的）壶，罐Jug-head傻瓜jug-handled不均匀的，片面的jug-eared招风耳的,roamramblerove都含“漫步”、“漫游”的意思。roam指“在一广大地区无目的地地漫游”,内含“自由”、“快乐”之意,如:toroamaboutthecountry漫游全国。ramble指“漫不经心地,无目的地走动”,如:Werambledthroughthewoods.rove指“无目的地,但有一定目的的漫游”,如:Herovedfromtowntotown.rovethetown漫游城市ontherove徘徊着,流浪着,Ramblerumble,Thunderroaredandrumbledinthesky.Atweekendstheyusuallyramblethroughcountrytownsandmarkets.Rumble发出隆隆声,reverenceatthereverenceof对.尊敬地attaingreatreverence获得崇高的威望bowinhumblereverence毕恭毕敬地鞠躬feelreverencefor觉得.可敬payreverenceto尊敬,向.致敬,sprinklevi.1)洒,喷淋,散布在2)下稀疏的雨n.1)洒,撒2)小雨,间断雨3)少量,散布着的东西,pl.撒在上面的一层东西putasprinkleofnutsonthecake在糕饼上洒了一点果仁becoveredwithchocolatesprinklessprinklewaterontheflowersbesprinkledwithcigaretteashes撒满了纸烟灰sprinklesugaroverberries在浆果上撒糖,Textanalysisandlanguagestudy,Rockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.摇滚乐是青少年的反叛音乐teenageadj.pertainingtoateenager(13至19岁的)青少年的.其名词形式为teenagerrebellion:resistancetoordefianceofanyauthority造反,反派.arebellionagainstoldtraditions对旧传统的反叛rebelliousrebel,Byamansheroesyeshallknowhim.你将从一个人崇拜的英雄得知其人.a.judgeamanbythecompanyhekeeps(以一个人所交的朋友断定其为人)很相似.b.ye=you用于古英语或诗歌中,是第二人称代词thou的复数.如:Yearethesaltoftheearth.你们是社会的中坚.(出自),Swelter热得难受Wewereswelteringatthebeach.名词n.热得难受,闷热Swell1.肿胀,膨胀,鼓起2.增强,增多,扩大3.（使）凸出，鼓出Herleghasswollenbadly.Sweat,.hesaid,grabsahalf-gallonjugofwaterandrunsalongthefrontplatform,sprinklingitscontentsoverthefirstrowsofswelteringlisteners.a.grab:toseizesuddenly,eagerly,orroughly;snatch急抓,夺取.如:Hejumpedupfromthetable,grabbedhishatandranoutofthedoor.他从桌子旁跳了起来,抓起自己的帽子,奔出门去.grab后面跟其他名词或名词短语.grabashower快速冲了澡,grabasandwich,胡乱吃了一个三明治,grabataxi赶搭出租车.,Some14,000screamingfanswerecrunchinguptothefrontofthestageatCapitalCenter,.some:(beforeanumber)approximately,about(在数字前)大约.如:sometwentystudents,WordChoice:tone,tune,tonecountablethewayyourvoicesounds,whichshowshowyouarefeelingorwhatyoumeanina.toneYoumustbeAnnie,hesaidinafriendlytone.insomebodystoneTherewasurgencyinhistone.Hertonewassharpwithanger.Itwasobviousfromhertoneofvoicethatshedidntlikeme.donttakethattonewithme(=donotspeaktomeinthatrudeorunpleasant,Tone1.腔调,语气;口气;口吻2.音,音调（尤指乐器或电子音响设备的）音质,音色3.风格;气度4.色调；明暗；影调,tunesynonym:melodySuneplayingorsingingthecorrectmusicalnoteTunewith与.协调,与.一致outoftuneplayingorsinginghigherorlowerthanthecorrectmusicalnoteGregsbassguitarwasoutoftune.,Ioughttobecrawlingonmyknees.crawled:tomovewiththefacedownwardandthebodyclosetotheground爬行.Thebuscrawledalong.公共汽车缓慢地行进.注意:短语crawlintothefavorofonessuperiors表示卑躬屈膝地讨好上司.ononesknees:双膝跪地.,creepvi.tomoveslowlyandquietlywiththebodyclosetotheground(usu.stealthily)孩子们感到累了，所以他们扑灭营火之后就爬进帐蓬了。Theboysfelttired,sotheyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent.(ofplants)togrowalongthegroundIvycreepingupthewallsofthebuildingcrawl:tomoveslowlywiththebodyclosetotheground/floor,oronthehandsandknees婴儿先爬然后才会走Ababycrawlsbeforeitcanwalk.地上爬满了蚂蚁Thegroundwascrawlingwithants.,Orareyoudrawnsomehowtothisstrangeclown,perhapsbecauseheactsoutyourwildestfantasies?a.draw:attract吸引.Somemutualinterestsdrawustogether.一些共同的兴趣把我们吸引到一块了.b.somehow:insomewaynotspecifiedorknown不知什缘故.SomehowIdontlikethisnovelthoughitissopopular.这本小说虽然很流行,但不知什么原因我却不喜欢它.c.fantasy:imagination,esp.whenitisletfreeandnotheldback(自由奔放的)想象,幻想,狂想.wildestfantasies,最为狂妄的奇想.,actout1)todemonstrateorillustratebypantomimeorbywordsorgestures表现；表演-Thepartyguestsactedoutstoriesforoneanother.参加聚会的客人互相表演自己的故事。2）toperformactionswhichrepresent,andmayhelpreleasethefears,inhibitions,etc.释放-Thepatientsactedoutearlytraumasbygettingangrywiththeanalyst.那个病人跟医生发火显露出早期的精神病状。,Orareyoudrawnsomehowtothisstrangeclown,perhapsbecauseheactsoutyourwildestfantasies?Translation2007.10第77题中译英或者你是否会因为这位奇怪的小丑表达了你离奇的幻觉而多少被他吸引。,2005.10中译英79有些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答可以充分说明你在想些什么以及社会在想些什么。Somesociologistssaythatyouranswerstothemcouldexplainalotaboutwhatyouarethinkingandaboutandwhatyoursocietyisthinking.,Horwitzseestherockmusicarenaasasortofdebatingforum,aplacewhereideasclashandcrash.a.see.as.:consider.as.把.看作.b.forum:ameetingplaceofdiscussionofmattersofpublicinterest论坛.c.aplace是asortofdebatingforum的同位语,后面由where引导的句子是定语从句,修饰aplace.ideasclashandcrash意为各种思想冲撞.translation,Itistheyalonewhocombineinventionandexaggeration,.itis.who(that)是强调句式.alone:(afteranounorpronoun)only(在名词或代词后面)仅,只.Hisnamealonewasenoughtodrawalargeaudience.仅仅他的名字就足以吸引一大批观众.,Rockmusic,hesaysisreallyasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforce.ratherthan:insteadof而不是(肯定前者,否定后者.)Heisapoetratherthananovelist.与其说他是小说家,不如说他是诗人.orrather意为moreexactly更为确切地说.如:latelastnight,orratherearlythismorning昨天深夜,更为确切地说,是今天清晨.Otherthan除了,ItsjustthatElvismanagedtoembodythefrustratedteenagespiritofthe1950s.a.句中的it有thereason的意思,that=because.b.embody:giveadefiniteformto具体体现如:这尊塑像表现了雕像家的感情.Thestatueembodiesthesentimentofthesculptor.Thelatestmodelofthelorryembodiesmanyimprovements.卡车的最新式样体现了许多改进的地方.,TVwork:agroupofradioortelevisionstationslinkedbywireormicrowaves(广播,电视)广播网Anetworkofrailwayb.ban:prohibit,forbid禁止.如:Theprotestmeetingwasbanned.Ban指官方明令查禁的行为。Forbid指不允许某种行为的发生Hiswifeforbidshimtosmoke.,Mostoftheolderviewersfrowned,whilemostoftheyoungerviewersapplauded.a.frown:towrinkletheforehead,suchaswhenoneisdispleasedorindeepthought皱眉.短语frownon(upon)表示不赞同.如:Hefrowneduponmyplan.他不赞同我的计划.b.applaud:toclapthehandstogetherinapprovalorappreciation鼓掌喝彩;称赞.Theaudienceapplaudedwildly.观众热烈鼓掌.C.fapplause/thunderousapplause,Debateargue,Argue指拿出理由赞成或反对什么Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy.Aodoingsth.Debate指辩论Parliamentwilldebatethequestiontomorrow.,TheRollingStones,arrogantstreet-fightingmen,demandedrevolution.arrogant:actingasifoneweremoreimportantthanothers傲慢的;妄自尊大的.Hewasjusttooarroganttohissubordinates.他对他的部下太傲慢了.C.f.Proud为某人某事感到自豪BeproudofTakepridein,TheBeatlesshowedtherewerearangeofemotionsbetweenloveandhate.range:anumberofdifferentthingsofthesamegeneralsortortype(变动的,可供选择的)范围;幅度.arangeofcolorstochoosefromarangeofpricesfrom5yuanto50yuan从5元到50元不等的各种价格.rangefromto,Thiscountryelement,Horowitzfeels,helpeditsaudienceexpressanurgetogetawayfromitall,.urge:aninstinctivedrive.冲动.IfeltanurgetofurthermystudiesinEurope.我有一种去欧洲深造的冲动.Urgesb.todosth.,.theserockmusiciansmirrorfeelings.mirror:reflect反映.Theelectionresultreflectstheiropinions.选举结果反映了他们的观点.,24.whereitsheading?head(for):movetoward(朝某一方向)前进.Theywereheadingforthedeepjungleforhunting.他们去丛林深处打猎.,exercise,A.Answerthefollowingquestionsonthetext:1.Theauthorusesthetwoquotationstointroducehisideas.Yes,theyare.2.Theauthorusesthethreeexamplestoshowthattheyoungpeopleworshiptherocksuperstarsverymuch,buttheadultsfindtheyaresick,Theexamplesshowthatyoungpeopleandadultshaveatotallydifferentattitudestowardsrockmusic.3.Rockmusiccanexpressitstimes.HeseesitasadebatingforumwhereAmericansocietystrugglestodefineandredefineitsfeelingandbeliefs.,4.WhenheappearedontheEd.SullivanSundaynightvarietyshow,adebatetookplace.Theoldpeoplefrownedwhiletheyoungviewersapplauded.5.BobDylantouchedanerveofdisaffection.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpiety.TheRollingStonesdemandedrevolution.6.Apartfrompolitics,therockmusicdealtwithfeelingsandemotions.7.Therocksuperstarsgotapplause,praiseandmoney.8.No,hehasnt.Hewantstoleavethequestiontothereadersandletthemthink.,BTranslatethefollowingintoChinese:1.他描述道:“贾格尔拿着半加仑水,顺着舞台前沿,边跑边把水洒向前排汗流浃背的歌迷身上.”2.你如何看待这种赞美和英雄崇拜?3.还是由于他把你狂热的幻想用行动表现出来,你神不知鬼不觉地被这个不可思议的小丑所吸引?4.一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答,很能说明你在想什么,社会在想什么.换句话说,可以说明你和社会的态度.,5.只不过艾尔维斯的演唱表现了50年代青少年那种沮丧的精神状态.6.感情总是任何音乐表达的必要成分,也是一个重要议题.7.霍罗威茨认为这种结合表达了听众欲”摆脱现实一切”/”重归昔日”的强烈愿望.8.在1972年的一次全国民意测验中,10%以上的高中男生,20%的女生表示他们心目中的英雄是超摇滚歌星.,KeyE1.disgusting2.Editorsarticlesattackedandcriticizedhim3.theconfusionsoftheoldpeople4.hadastrongdesireforpeaceandpiety5.Thewordsofthesongpraisethenaturalhappinessoftheolddays.6.reflectemotionsandoutlooks7.aplacewhereideascomeintooppositionandcontradicttoeachother8.othersuccessfulrockstarsatpresent,F.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:摇滚乐于20世纪50年代末举起于美国.它不仅是一种新型的音乐形式,更是美国的青年人表达他们对世界和人生看法的论坛.在这个论坛上,歌星们唱出了青年人对民权/战争与和平的态度,唱出了他们对社会的不满,也唱出了爱与恨之间的各种情感.总之,在这个论坛上,青年人把他们对美国社会的信仰及情感给以全新的解释.早期的摇滚乐的主要代表人物有艾尔维斯.普雷斯利,歌星加诗人鲍勃.狄伦/甲壳虫乐队以及滚石乐队等等.他们都是青年人崇拜的文化英雄.,KeyFRockmusicbeganinAmericainthelate1950s.Itwasnotonlyanewmusicalform,butaforumfortheAmericanyouthtoexpresstheirideasoftheworldandlife.Inthisforum,thestarssangouttheattitudesoftheyouthtowardscivilrights,warandpeace,thedisaffectionoftheirsociety,andarangeofemotionsbetweenloveandhate.Allinall,inthisforum,theAmericanyouthredefinedthebeliefsandfeelingsoftheirsociety.ThetypicalrepresentativesoftheearlyrockmusicwereElvisPresley,singerandpoetBobDylan,theBeatles,therollingStonesandsoon.Theywerethecultureheroeswhomtheyoungpeopleworshipped.,G.Writeashortpassageof150200wordsinEnglishonthetopic“DoyouAgreethatRockIstheMusicofTeenageRebellion?Youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1Ageneralstatementofyourposition;2Twoorthreeargumentswithasupportingexampleforeach.,DoYouAgreethatRockIstheMusicofTeenageRebellion?RockmusicbeganinAmericainthelate1950s.Itwasnotonlyanewmusicalform,butaforumfortheAmericanyouthtoexpresstheirideasoftheworldandlife.Musicexpresseditstimes.Rockmusicwassasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforce.Itembodiedthefrustratedteenagespiritofthe1950s.Atthattimeyoungpeoplemightbedissatisfiedwiththesocietyortheyhadsomehatredtowardtheadultworld,buttheycouldnotprotestitopenly.Sotheywouldusemusicasanoutlet.Thentheycouldgetsomebalanceintheirminds.Anotheraspectisthattheyoungpeoplecouldmaketheirideasandbeliefsknowntotheworldthroughmusic.Bymusic,theycouldshowtheirfellinganddreams.Soallinall,youngpeoplecombinedinventionandexaggeration,reasonandmotion,wordandsound,musicandpoliticsasawhole.,LessonTwoFourChoicesforYoungPeople,1.JimBinns.wrotemeaboutsomeofhismisgivings.misgiving:worry,concern(常用复数)(对未来之事)疑虑不安,怀疑.Ilikeyourschemeinprinciple;myonlymisgivingisthatitmayrequiretoolargeasumofmoney.我原则上喜欢你的计划,唯一担心的是花销可能太大.,2.ourgenerationviewstheadultworldwithgreatskepticism.skepticism:doubt,suspicion怀疑(态度);怀疑主义beskepticalabout:对.持怀疑太度;不相信.如:Heisskepticalabouteverything.withaskepticalexpression带着怀疑的表情。,3.Apparentlyhespeaksforalotofhiscontemporaries.contemporaryadj.同时代的，当代；n.同时代的人。如：ourcontemporaries和我们同时代的人同义词：peer同等的人，同辈。如：withoutapeer无匹敌的,4.Thepeopleresponsibleare,presumably,theadultswho.a.responsible:1)(放在名词后面)应负责任的.Iholdyouresponsibleforthesafetyofherfamily.2）（放在名词前面）（工作、地为等）责任重的，有责任的。aresponsibleposition要职。3)(人）可靠的，可信赖的，aresponsibleperson有责任心的人。b.presumably:perhaps大概，推测起来，可能。,5.Theseconclusionsstrikemeasreasonable,.strikesb.+adj.（orn.):使.感觉（是）。Atfirsttheideastruckmeasstupid.起初,这个主意让我觉得很愚蠢.Hestrikesmeasanhonestman.他让我觉得是个诚实的人.,6.Therelevantquestionforthearrivinggenerationisnotwhetheroursocietyisimperfect(wecantakethatforgranted),but.a.relevant:有关的。如：relevantinformation有关信息.若作表语,后面通常跟由介词to引导的短语.Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasnotrelevanttothecase.法官认定证据与本案无关。,b.imperfect:不完美，由perfect（完美）加否定前缀im-构成。permissible-impermissible,possible-impossible,proper-improper,pure-impure,mobile-immobile,mortal-immortal.c.takeforgranted:视.为当然。Youshouldnottakehishelpforgranted.你不应该认为他的帮忙是当然的事。,7.Forallisharshnessandirrationality,itistheonlyworldwevegot.a.forall.尽管。Forallhislearning,heisnotwise.他尽管满腹经纶，处世并不聪明。Forallhisefforts,hedidntsucceed.,b.harsh:残酷的；无情的；刻薄的。Shewasveryharshwithherservant.她对用人非常刻薄。Wehavetofaceharshrealities.我们得面对残酷的现实。c.rational:有理性的，通情达理的。Manisarationalthing.Doyouconsideritarationalexplanation?你觉得这种解释合理吗？irrational:不理智，ir-为否定前缀。Irreducible,irregular,irreparable,irreversible.,8.Choosingastrategytocopewithit,then,is.a.strategy:战略，与之相对的是tactics(战术)b.copewith:tostruggleorcontend,esp.withsomedegreeofsuccess应付，处理。Theyproposedseveralpossibilitiesforcopingwiththecrisis.他们提出了对付危机的几种可能方案。Heisunabletocopewiththedutiesofhernewposition.,9.SofarasIhavebeenabletodiscover,therearefourbasicalternatives.a.sofaras:=asfaras,totheextentthat就.而言，从.来看。Hisconduct,sofarasIcansee,isunjustifiable.就我看来，他凭一已之力将不可能完成这样巨大的项目。,b.alternative:oneofmorethantwopossibilities数种可能之一，可代替的。Therearealternativeanswertothisquestion.这个问题有几种可能的答案。Analternativeplanistoapplyforaloan.另一种可能的方案就是申请贷款。,10.DropOutdropout:towithdrawfrom退出。Hehasdecidedtodropoutofpolitics.他已经决定退出政坛。Sevenstudentsdroppedoutofuniversitylastyear.去年有七个学生从大学里退了学。,11.Thisisoneoftheoldestexpedient,.expedient:atemporarymeanstoanend权宜之计resorttoanexpedient采取权宜之计,12.Inonewayoranother,itspractitionersbattenonthesocietywhich.a.(in)onewayoranother:以这样或那样的方式；在某方面。Theprojectmustbecompletedbytheendofthismonth(in)onewayoranother.不管用什么方式，这个项目必须在这个月底结束。,b.battenon:thrive,orprosper,orliveinluxury(on)(esp.attheexpenseofothers)(靠他人牺牲而）兴旺，过奢侈的生活，（损人）肥饱私囊,13.Someofusfindthisdistasteful-anundignifiedkindoflife.distasteful:disagreeable;unpleasant讨厌的，令人不愉快的。Jazzisdistastefultome.我讨厌爵士乐。（爵士乐不合我的口味）,14.Butforthepoorinspirit,withlowlevelsofbothenergyandpride,itmaybetheleastintolerablechoiceavailable.Available:readyforuse;readilyobtainablea.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。employallmeansavailableThedressisavailableinallsizes.b.（人）有空的。如：Illbeavailabletomorrowmorning.我明天早上有空。,15.Thisstrategyhasancientantecedents.antecedent:precedingthingorcircumstance,esp.(pl.)pasthistoryofaperson前事，前情；（复数）身世，经历，人的过去历史。awomanofshadyantecedent一个来历可疑的女人,C.f.precedentHecopiedafterbadprecedents.1.范例,判例2.先前出现的事例；前例；先例Theaircrashcausedanunprecedentednumberofdeaths.前所未有的；空前的；没有先例的,Theyarewillingtosupportthemselvesandtocontributesomethingto,contributev.(to)贡献，捐献，捐赠投稿distributevt.分发，分配(over)散布，分布tributen.颂扬贡品，贡献contributionn.贡献，捐献投稿attributevt.把归因于；n.属性，特性,16.thatis,thecity,withallitsuglinessandtension.tension:mentalstrain紧张。underextremetension处于极度紧张/（复数-s）紧张（状态）。thetensionbetweenlaborandmanagement劳资间关系的紧张,tensive张力的extensivea.广阔的，广泛的intensivea.集中的，加强的intentn.计划，目的；a.专注的,17.Thetroublewiththesolutionisthatitnolongerisonalargescale.onalargescale:大规模。onatremendousscale极大的规模。Theprojectwasundertakenonagrandscale.,scale,Scalesofskinpeeloffafterscarletfever.1.鱼鳞,鳞片2.刻度,度数3.规模;程度;范围Thebutcherweighedthemeatonthescales4.天平,磅秤,18.Outplanet,unfortunately,isrunningoutofnoblesavagesandunsulliedlandscapes.runoutof:becomeshortof,becomeexhausted用完。Weranoutofpetroltheotherday.那一天我们汽油用光了。Wearerunningoutoftime.我们已经没有时间了。,frontier,Therehavebeenlarge-scalemilitarymaneuversonthefrontier.Areasnearthefrontierwereroughandlawlessintheolddays.Theyarehighlyinterestedinthefrontiersofscience.1.边界,边境，国界2.开发地区的边缘,边远地区3.尚待开发的领域,尖端;前沿,这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践。不幸的是，在我们的地球上，高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少；除了两极地区以外已经没有未开发的土地了。少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活但总的说来，迁移的潮流是向相反的方向流动。(2007.10.中译英81）Thetroublewiththissolutionisthatitnolongerispracticalonalargescale.Ourplanet,unfortunately,isrunningoutofnoblesavagesandunsulliedlandscaped;exceptforthepolarregions,thefrontiersaregone.Afewgentlemanfarmerswithplentyofmoneycanstillescapetothebucoliclifebutingeneralthestreamofmigrationisflowingtheotherway.,19.PlotaRevolutionplot:plansecretly密谋。Theyplottedhowtokillhim.Thecriminalswereplottingtorobthebank.ThepoliceexposedacriminalplottoassassinatethePresident.AplotoffieldThisisanovelwithacomplicatedplot.,20.thosewhohavenopatiencewiththetediousworkingsofthedemocraticprocessandwhobelievethattheinstitutioncanonlybechangedbyforce.a.tedious:longandtiresome冗长乏味的。atediouslecturetediousworkb.