inorganicchemistrynomenclature无机化学命名法

Nomenclatureofinorganicchemistry,google,Inorganicnomenclature,Commonnames,AlotofchemicalshavecommonnamesaswellastheproperIUPACnames.H2Owater,notdihydrogenmonoxideNH3ammonia,notnitrogentrihydride,Nomenclatureofinorganicchemistry,Namingioniccompounds(containingametalorapolyatomicion),Namingmolecularcompounds(covalent),Namingacids,Naminghydrates,背诵elements,1HydrogenH氢2HeliumHe氦3LithiumLi锂4BerylliumBe铍5BoronB硼6CarbonC碳7NitrogenN氮8OxygenO氧FluorineF氟NeonNe氖,背诵elements,11SodiumNa钠12MagnesiumMg镁Aluminium(Br)Al铝Aluminum(Am)SiliconSi硅PhosphorusP磷Sulphur英（sulfur美)S硫ChlorineCl氯ArgonAr氩PotassiumK钾CalciumCa钙,背诵elements,SodiumNa钠PotassiumK钾SilverAg银TinSn锡AntimonySb锑tCopperCu铜IronFe铁LeadPb铅MercuryHg汞GoldAu金,背诵elements,PlatinumPt铂TungstenW钨ManganeseMn锰CobaltCo钴NickelNi镍ZincZn锌BromineBr溴IodineI碘LanthanumLa镧ActiniumAc锕BariumBa钡CesiumCs铯XenonXe氙,PREFIXmono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-nona-deca-,NUMBER12345678910,背诵MolecularNomenclaturePrefixes,Nomenclatureofinorganicchemistry,Namingioniccompounds(containingametalorapolyatomicion),Namingmolecularcompounds(covalent),Namingacids,Naminghydrates,1Ioniccompounds,1.Cation阳离子first,thenanion阴离子2.Monatomiccation=nameoftheelement,ifthereisonlyonesuchion.,calciumion,Ca2+=,sodiumion,Na+iscalled,3.Monatomicanion=root+-ide,Cl-=,CaCl2=,calciumchloride,chloride,chlorine,1ioniccompounds,1NamingBinaryIonicCompounds,Examples:NaClZnI2Al2O3Na2SO4,aluminumoxide,sodiumchloride,zinciodide,polyatomicanion,1Ioniccompounds,1.Cation阳离子first,thenanion阴离子2.Monatomiccation=nameoftheelement,ifthereisonlyonesuchion.,calciumion,Ca2+=,sodiumion,Na+iscalled,3.Monatomicanion=root+-ideCl-=chlorideCaCl2=calciumchloride,1Ioniccompounds,4CationsabletotakeonmorethanonepositivechargearelabeledwithRomannumeralsinparenthesesCuFe,copper(I)ion,copper(II)ion,Cu+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,iron(II)ion,iron(III)ion,Oldersysytem,*Inanoldersystemofnomenclature,suchionsarenamedbyaddingthesuffixesousandictoastemnameoftheelementtoindicatetheionsoflowerandhighercharges,respectively.,ferricion,ferrousion,cuprousion,cupricion,ExamplesofOlderNamesofCationsformedfromTransitionMetals(youdonothavetomemorizethese),1ioniccompounds,afew,suchaszinc,haveonlyasingleionthatisnormallyencountered,andyouusuallynamethembyjustthemetalname(zinc).youwouldnotbewrong,however,forexample,younamedzincaszinc(II)ion.,1Ioniccompounds,1.Cation阳离子first,thenanion阴离子2.Monatomiccation=nameoftheelement,ifthereisonlyonesuchion.,BinaryIonicCompounds:(5points),calciumion,Ca2+=,sodiumion,Na+iscalled,3.Monatomicanion=root+-ideCl-=chlorideCaCl2=calciumchloride,1Ioniccompounds,4CationsabletotakeonmorethanonepositivechargearelabeledwithRomannumeralsinparenthesesCuFe,copper(I)ion,copper(II)ion,Cu+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,iron(II)ion,iron(III)ion,Oldersysytem,*Inanoldersystemofnomenclature,suchionsarenamedbyaddingthesuffixesousandictoastemnameoftheelementtoindicatetheionsoflowerandhighercharges,respectively.,ferrousion,ferricion,cupricion,cuprousion,1ioniccompounds,polyatomicionspolyatomiccationsNH4+ammonium铵根6oxyanions(polyatomicanionscontainingoxygen)arenamedwith-iteor-ate,foralesserorgreaterquantityofoxygen.Forexample,isNO3isIffouroxyanionsarepossible,theprefixeshypo-andper-areused:ClOClO4,nitrite,nitrate,hypochlorite,perchlorate,NO2-,7Theprefixbi-isadeprecatedwayofindicatingthepresenceofasinglehydrogenionNaHCO3,sodiumbicarbonate,sodiumhydrogencarbonate,Themodernmethodspecificallynamesthehydrogenatom.,NaHCO3,Polyatomicions:NH4+ammonium铵根H3O+hydroxoniumorhydronium水合氢离子NO3nitrate硝酸根NO2nitrite亚硝酸根ClOhypochlorite次氯酸根+1(oxidationstateofchlorine)ClO2chlorite亚氯酸根+3ClO3chlorate氯酸根+5ClO4perchlorate高氯酸根+7SO32sulfite亚硫酸根SO42sulfate硫酸根HSO3hydrogensulfite(orbisulfite)亚硫酸氢根HCO3hydrogencarbonate(orbicarbonate)碳酸氢根CO32carbonate碳酸根PO43phosphate磷酸根HPO42hydrogenphosphate磷酸氢根H2PO4dihydrogenphosphate磷酸二氢根CrO42chromate铬酸根Cr2O72dichromate重铬酸根重音虫BO33borate硼酸跟AsO43arsenate砷酸根C2O42oxalate草酸根CNcyanide氰酸根SCNthiocyanate硫氰酸根O22-peroxide过氧化物OH-hydroxide氢氧根MnO4permanganate高锰酸根,cations,anions,LearningCheck,Matcheachsetwiththecorrectname:1.Na2CO3a)magnesiumsulfiteMgSO3b)magnesiumsulfateMgSO4c)sodiumcarbonate2.Ca(HCO3)2a)calciumcarbonateCaCO3b)calciumphosphateCa3(PO4)2c)calciumbicarbonate,answers,Matcheachsetwiththecorrectname:1.Na2CO3a)magnesiumsulfiteMgSO3b)magnesiumsulfateMgSO4c)sodiumcarbonate2.Ca(HCO3)2a)calciumcarbonateCaCO3b)calciumphosphateCa3(PO4)2c)calciumbicarbonate,Nomenclatureofinorganicchemistry,Namingioniccompounds(containingametalorapolyatomicion),Namingmolecularcompounds(covalent),Namingacids,Naminghydrates,2Molecularcompounds(covalent),Inorganicmolecularcompoundsarenamedwithaprefixbeforeeachelement.Themoreelectronegativeelementiswrittenlastandwithan-idesuffix(asiftheelementoccurredastheanion).,dinitrogentrioxide,N2O3,Molecular(Covalent)Nomenclaturefortwononmetals,PrefixSystem(binarycompounds)1.Lesselectronegativeatomcomesfirst.2.Addprefixestoindicate#ofatoms.Omitmono-prefixontheFIRSTelement.Mono-isOPTIONALontheSECONDelement.3.Changetheendingofthesecondelementto-ide.,LessEN,PREFIXmono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-nona-deca-,NUMBER12345678910,MolecularNomenclaturePrefixes,2Molecularcompounds(covalent),N2O3,NandOarenonmetals,dinitrogentrioxide,Cl2O7,Chlorine,oxygen,dichlorineheptoxide,arsenictrichloridedinitrogenpentoxidetetraphosphorusdecoxide,AsCl3,N2O5,P4O10,MoreMolecularExamples,CCl4N2OSF6,carbontetrachloride,dinitrogenmonoxide,sulfurhexafluoride,MolecularNomenclature:Examples,2Molecularcompounds(covalent)Howtheprefixmono-isused.,Howtheprefixmono-isused.,Thereisonlyonecompoundofhydrogenandchlorine,HCl,hydrogenchloride,NOTmonohydrogenmonochloride,CO2,carbonandoxygen,Twocommoncompounds,CO,carbondioxide,carbonmonoxide,theprefixmono-isnotgenerallywritten,2Molecularcompounds(covalent),Examples,SF4,SF6,ClO2,sulfurtetrafluoride,sulfurhexafluoride,chlorinedioxide,H2O,water,NH3,ammonia,H2S,hydrogensulfide,dihydrogensulfide,commonlycalled,LearningCheck,Fillintheblankstocompletethefollowingnamesofcovalentcompounds.COcarbon_oxideCO2carbon_PCl3phosphorus_chlorideCCl4carbon_chlorideN2O_nitrogen_oxide,LearningCheck,1.Cl2O7a)dichlorineheptoxideb)dichlorineoxidec)chlorineheptoxide2.Cl2a)chlorineb)dichlorinec)dichloride,Aflowchartfornamingbinarycompounds.,仅对二元化合物做一个总结,CuCl2PCl5,Cumetal,copper(II)chloride,PandClarenon-metals,Usingprefix,phosphoruspentachloride,Cu+,Cu2+,MixedReview,Namethefollowingcompounds:1.CaOa)calciumoxideb)calcium(I)oxidec)calcium(II)oxide2.SnCl4a)tintetrachlorideb)tin(II)chloridec)tin(IV)chloride3.N2O3a)nitrogenoxideb)dinitrogentrioxidec)nitrogentrioxide,Nomenclatureofinorganicchemistry,Namingioniccompounds(containingametalorapolyatomicion),Namingmolecularcompounds(covalent),Namingacids,Naminghydrates,3NamingAcids,HClhydrochloricacidH2SO4sulfuricacidNametheacidbasedonthenameoftheanion,3namingAcids,w/Oxygen,HCl,chlorideion,hydrochloricacid,H2SO4,sulfate,sulfuricacid,HNO2,nitriteion,nitrousacid,Polyatomicions:NH4+ammonium铵根H3O+hydroxoniumorhydronium水合氢离子NO3nitrate硝酸根NO2nitrite亚硝酸根ClOhypochlorite次氯酸根+1(oxidationstateofchlorine)ClO2chlorite亚氯酸根+3ClO3chlorate氯酸根+5ClO4perchlorate高氯酸根+7SO32sulfite亚硫酸根SO42sulfate硫酸根HSO3hydrogensulfite(orbisulfite)亚硫酸氢根HCO3hydrogencarbonate(orbicarbonate)碳酸氢根CO32carbonate碳酸根PO43phosphate磷酸根HPO42hydrogenphosphate磷酸氢根H2PO4dihydrogenphosphate磷酸二氢根CrO42chromate铬酸根Cr2O72dichromate重铬酸根重音虫BO33borate硼酸跟AsO43arsenate砷酸根C2O42oxalate草酸根CNcyanide氰酸根SCNthiocyanate硫氰酸根O22-peroxide过氧化物OH-hydroxide氢氧根MnO4permanganate高锰酸根,Exercise对应的酸,HCN,hydrocyanicacid,必须背NO3nitrate硝酸根nitricacid硝酸NO2nitrite亚硝酸根nitrousacid亚硝酸ClOhypochlorite次氯酸根+1hypochlorousacid次氯酸ClO2chlorite亚氯酸根+3chlorousacid亚氯酸ClO3chlorate氯酸根+5chloricacid氯酸ClO4perchlorate高氯酸根+7perchloricacid高氯酸SO32sulfi