2013年同等学力新大纲样卷1第二篇阅读理解文章

PassageTwo,BeforeMokothedolphinturnedup,thebeachedwhaleswereincleardistress.ButwhenMokoarrivedatMahiabeachontheeastcoastofNewZealandsNorthIsland,theirmoodchangedandtheyfollowedhimtosafety.Theabilityofsomeanimalstocommunicateiswellknown.Whatislesswelldocumented,however,isthecommunicationbetweenspecies.JustinGregg,vicepresidentoftheDolphinCommunicationProject,saiditispossiblethatadolphinandawhalecouldcommunicateinsomeway.ButitwouldntbeinstructionslikeHey,buddy,theopenoceanisoverhere.Followme,hesays.Dolphinsusethreeformsofsignalingtootherdolphins-whistles,clickingandpostures.Awhalemighthavesignalsincommonwithadolphin,justasdifferentspeciesofdolphinsareknowntosharesignalswhichmighttheoreticallyallowaformofbasicinterspeciescommunication.ButjustasitspossiblethatMokothedolphinandthestrandedwhalessharedasignal,itisalsopossiblethatthewhalesjustsawavaguelysimilarcreatureandfollowedit.,Therearemanyreasonswhydifferentspeciescommunicate,saysVincentJanik,lecturerattheSeaMammalResearchUnitatStAndrewsUniversity.Theanimalsexploitthesystemsofothersfortheirownbenefits.Sometimesthebenefitsarethesameforeach,thereforetheyshareinformation.Sometimestheyaretryingtotakeadvantageoftheother.Gettingfoodmaynotbetotheadvantageoftheonegivingupthefood.,1.Readthe1stparagraphanddoEx24.2.Readthe2ndparagraphanddoEx253.Readthe3rdparagraphanddoEx264.Readthe4thparagraphanddoEx275.Readthe5thparagraphanddoEx286.Paraphrasesentencebysentenceandexplaintheimportantwordsandexpressionsandlonganddifficultsentences.7.Checktheexercises.,一Steps:,二Exercises:,(24)WhathappenedafterMokothedolphinappearedatMahiabeach?A.Thebeachedwhalesstillfeltdistressful.B.Mokoledthewhalesbacktothesea.C.Thewhaleswerestillstuckonthebeach.D.Mokoandthewhalesswamtogetherashore.答案B。解析细节题.根据第一段最后一句的theirmoodchangedandtheyfollowedhimtosafety它们的情绪发生了变化并跟它到了安全地带，说明是Moko领着搁浅的鲸鱼回到大海，否则它们会死在岸边。,(25)Scientistsengagedinanimalstudieshavecollected_.A.enoughdataonhowanimalsspeakhumanlanguagesB.noneofthedataonanimalsabilitytocommunicateC.lessdataonhowanimalscommunicatebetweenspeciesD.somedataonanimalstendencytotalktohumans答案C。解析语义理解题。第二段中“Whatislesswelldocumented,however,isthecommunicationbetweenspecies.然而物种之间沟通的知识没有全部备案可查。”是依据，说明记载的信息很少。,(26)Dolphinscommunicatewithoneanother,usingallthefollowingtypesofsignalingEXCEPT.A.gesturesB.whistlesC.clickingD.postures答案A。解析细节题。第三段第一句话“Dolphinsusethreeformsofsignalingtootherdolphins-whistles,clickingandpostures.海豚之间有三种打招呼的信号-哨音，拍打声和姿势。”没有提到gestures,所以此为真确选项。,(27)Thewhalesstrandedonthebeachfollowedthedolphintosafetyprobablybecause.A.theyunderstoodthedolphinsinstructionFollowmeB.theyhadsignalsincommonwithoneanotherC.theyrecognizedsomeotheranimalsnotfarawayD.theysharedthoseinter-speciessignalswiththedolphin答案D。解析细节题。根据第三段最后一句话“Mokothedolphinandthestrandedwhalessharedasignal.Moko海豚可能和搁浅的鲸鱼共享一种信号”说明他们共享信号。,(28)Whydoanimalsofdifferentspeciescommunicatewithoneanother?A.Becausetheyliketosetuptheirowncommunicationsystems.B.Becausetheywanttotakeadvantageoftheotherspecies.C.Becausetheytendtokeepmorefoodtothemselves.D.Becausetheybenefitfromusingtheinformationfromotherspecies.答案D。解析最后一段的“Theanimalsexploitthesystemsofothersfortheirownbenefits.Sometimesthebenefitsarethesameforeach,thereforetheyshareinformation.一种动物利用对自己有好处其他类动物的系统。有时对它们都有好处，所以它们共享信息。”说明物种间能共享有利的信息。,三Importantwordsandexpressions.,(1)Moko地名乍得莫科Mahia地名新西兰马希亚(2).dolphinn.海豚,(3).beach：n.海滩；海滨e.g.:1.Mikeawoketofindthathewaslyingonthebeach.迈克一觉醒来发现自己躺在海滩上。2.Abevyofbathingbeautiesappearedonthebeach.沙滩上出现了一群游泳的美女。V.（船等）搁浅e.g.1.Webeachedthecanoe,runningitrightupthebank.我们把独木舟径直划到岸边，并拖上岸。2.Theboatbeachedonamudflat.船搁浅在一片淤泥滩上。3.Expertsareunabletoexplainwhythewhalesbeachedthemselves.专家们无法解释为什么这些鲸会搁浅在海滩上。,(3)indistress表示在痛苦中，在困境中e.g.1Whileashipisindistress,rescuingpassengersfromdangerisaheroicaction.当船遇险时，营救乘客脱离危险是一种英勇的行为。2.Shecriedindistress,oh,Emil,whydidyoudo?她忧伤地惊叫道：“哦,爱弥儿,你为什么这样做？”3.HehadnorighttoabandonhisCommander-In-Chiefindistress.他无权置总司令于危难之中而不顾。4.ThenewsstorywasheadlinedActressinDistress.那篇新闻报导加上了苦恼中的女演员的标题。5.Hewasreadytolendahelpinghandtoanyoneindistress.什么人有难，他都乐于帮助。,(4)moodn.心情；语气；气氛；坏心境inbadmood心情不好blackmood情绪低落justamood只不过是一种风格e.g.:1.Watchyourstep;thebossisinaparticularlybadmood.你要小心点，老板今天情绪特别不好。2.Shelaughedhergoodmoodwhenshesawhermother.她看到母亲时，以笑表示了她愉快的心情。3.Afteradayofairandactivity,youshouldbeinthemoodforagoodmeal.你在户外活动了一天，应该很想好好吃一顿。4.Hewasinnomoodtocelebrate.他没心情庆祝5.Iaminnomoodnotinthemoodforjokingtojoke.我没有心思开玩笑。6.Themoodofthemeetingwasagainsthim.大会的气氛是反对他的。,(6)theabilitytodosth.做某事的能力havetheabilitytodo能够做，有能力做：abilitytorepaytheloan偿贷能力e.g.1Shelackedtheabilitytoadapteasily.她缺少适应能力。2.Theabilitytousealanguagecanbeacquiredbytheactofusingthelanguage.运用语言的能力，只能通过不断练习才能获得3.Hehastheabilitytobringoutthebestinothers.他能做到扬人之长。4.Shehastheabilitytokeepcalminanemergency.她有处变不惊的本事。,(7)species：n.物种；（单复数同形）e.g.1.Pandasareanendangeredspecies.熊猫是濒危物种。2.hereareseveralthousandspeciesoftreeshere.这里有几千种树。interspecies种间,(8)bedocumented：提供证明文件e.g.1.Thebookishighlydocumented.这本书记录了大量史实。2.Theharmfuleffectsofcaffeinehadlongbeendocumentedintextbooks.咖啡因的有害作用早已见诸教科书。,(9)insomeway以某种方式e.g.:1.Itseemstomeweoughttocelebratethisoccasioninsomeway.我认为我们应该用什么方法庆祝这件大事。2.IhopeIcaninsomewayreturnthefavor.盼望我能对你的恩惠有所报答。3.Wemaybeabletohelpyouinsomeway.我们也许能在某种程度上帮助你。,(10)clicking；(使)发出咔嗒声e.g.:1.Youcancheckyouremailwithaclickofyourmouse.鼠标轻轻一点，即可查看电子邮件。,(11)postures：e.g.:1.Youcanmakeyourstomachlookflatterinstantlybyimprovingyourposture.通过采取更好的坐姿，你的腹部马上就会看起来平坦一些。2.Exercise,freshair,andgoodpostureareallhelpful.锻炼、新鲜空气和好的坐立姿势都很有益。,(12)haveincommonwithe.g.:1.Suchinterspeciesdevotionwillsoonstretchbeyondthegrave.不同物种间的这种亲情很快便会超过死亡的界限了。,(13)Theoreticallyadv.理论地，理论上e.g.:1.Itstheoreticallypossible,buthighlyunlikelyevertohappen.这从理论上说是有可能的，但是基本上不会发生。2.Theoretically,alinecanextendintoinfinity.从理论上来说直线可以无限地延伸。3.Illexplainhowitworkstheoretically.我将解释它在理论上如何运作。,(14)strand.vt.使滞留，使搁浅；使陷于困境e.g.:1.Theclimbershadbeenstrandedbyastorm.登山者被暴风雨困住了。2.Theairporthadtobeclosed,strandingtourists.机场被迫关闭，造成游客滞留。,(15)Lecturer；n.（大学或学院中的）讲课者，授课者，（英美大学中的）讲师；演讲者助教TeachingAssistant讲师lecturer家教Tutore.g.:1.Thelecturerisbookedforeverynightoftheweek.这位讲演人本星期每晚都有预约。2.Thelecturerspoutedforhours.讲师滔滔不绝地讲了几个小时。3.Thelecturertriedtosettletheaudiencedown.那位演讲者试图让听众静下来。,(16)takefulladvantageof占的便宜；欺骗；捉弄e.g.:1.Iintendtotakefulladvantageofthistriptobuythethingsweneed.我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们所需的物品。2.Shetookadvantageofhimevenaftertheyweredivorced.甚至在他们离婚后，她还在占他的便宜。,(17)turnup出现；（尤指失去后偶然）被发现;出现，来到e.g.:1.Hedidntturnupuntilhalfanhourlater.半小时后他才出现。2.Hecaughtapacketfrommewhenhedidturnup.他一露面就被我狠狠训了一顿。3.Mychildrenturnuptheirnosesatfreshvegetables.我的孩子对新鲜蔬菜根本看不上。4.Heiswaitingforsomethinggoodtoturnup.他正期待着情况好转。(常指出其不意地或经长久等待后)出现，到来，露面e.g.:1.RichardhadturneduponChristmasEvewithTony。理查德和托尼在圣诞夜一道露面了。2.Thisissimilartowaitingforabusthatneverturnsup.这就跟等待一辆永远等不到的公共汽车差不多。,四Analysisoflonganddifficultsentences,Awhalemighthavesignalsincommonwithadolphin,justasdifferentspeciesofdolphinsareknowntosharesignalswhichmighttheoreticallyallowafo