考研英语2018-翻译-中英文句法对比

英汉句法现象的对比,老师姓名：刘婷婷,一、句子结构,1.Thisattitudehasbeendescribedasanythingfroma“mercifullossofmemory”to“escapisttherapy”.人们对这种态度有各种的议论，有的说是“好心的遗忘”，有的说是“逃避现实的疗法。”(英语简单句汉语联合复句的分合句),2）Hissuperiorgradesathighschoolenabledhimtoenrollatthetuition-freeCollegeoftheCityofNewYork.由于在中学成绩优异，他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。（英语简单句汉语偏正复句的因果句）,3)Thedevelopmentofaneconomicalartificialheartisonlyafewtransientfailureaway.只消再经过几次失败，就能造出价格低廉的人工心脏了。（tip：英语简单句汉语偏正复句的因果句）,4.Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowevening.问题在于我们能不能在明晚以前完成这项工作。（英语主从复合句汉语简单句）,5.Whilewewereoperatingthemachinetools,wewereverycareful.我们在操纵机床时非常小心。（英语主从复合句汉语简单句）,6.Therearesomemetalswhichpossessthepowertoconductelectricityandabilitytobemagnetized.某些金属具有导电的能力合被磁化的能力。（英语主从复合句汉语简单句）,7.Theboysatdownonastonetotakeapebbleoutofhisshoewhenhesawastrangerapproachinghim.小孩坐在石头上正打算从鞋子里取出碎石子，这这时他看见一个陌生人朝着他走来。（英语主从复合句汉语联合复句）,8.Ourmenhadgonequiteadistanceoffbeforetheenemysreinforcementtroopscameup.我们的队伍已经走得很远了，敌人的增援部队才赶上来。英语主从复合句汉语联合复句）,9.Thisplaceisreallybeautiful,andmanypeoplebringtheirwivesandfamiliesoutheretolive.这地方实在漂亮，所以许多人都把他们的家小搬来居住。（英语并列句汉语偏正复合句）,10.Graspall,loseall.如果你样样都抓，就会一样也抓不到手。英语并列句汉语偏正复合句）,11.HereendsthediaryofDr.Smith.史密斯医生的日记写到这里就结束了。（英语倒装句汉语正装句）12.LittledidIthenknowthemeaningofwarandwhatitwasinreality.当时我确实不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。,13.Hereatlastseemedcrediblehistoryofthedifficultadvanceofman.人类艰苦前进的历史终于在这里看来是能够令人置信的了。（英语倒装句汉语正装句）,14.KissingerwassodevastatedbyRockefellersdefeatthat,accordingtooneaccount,hewept.基辛格为洛克菲勒的失败伤心透了，有人说他哭了。（passivevoiceactivevoice）,15.Butsomeonewhohasbeenoutthereinthefloodlightsasoftenashehascannotremainwhollyundecipherable.但是，象他这样一个经常抛头露面的人是不可能一点不被人识破的。（passivevoiceactivevoice）,句序,1.Nothinghashappenedsinceweparted.我们分别之后，一直没有发生什么事情。（汉语通常先发生的事先叙述，后发生的事后叙述）,2.HehadflowninjustthedaybeforefromGeorgiawherehehadspenthisvacationbaskinginheCaucasiansunafterthecompletionoftheconstructionjobhehadbeenengagedinintheSouth.他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上佐治亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。,3.Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.4.Hewouldbearashmanifheshouldvernturetoforecasttheresultsofthisevent.如果有人敢于预言此事的结果，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒。,5.Weworkedfastandwell,sothatweoverfulfilledourproductionplan.我们工作得又快又好，超额完成了生产计划。,OtherStrategies,1.Ijusthateeverybody.No,notyou,Jack,buteverybodyelse.我就是恨所有得人。不，不是你，杰克，我恨其他所有的人。(amplification)2.Themarcherseveryshortwhileshoutedslogansaboutthestrike,butshedidntjoinin.游行的人群每隔一会儿就喊罢工口号，但是她没有跟着喊。,3.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。（amplification）,4.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。（amplication）5.Theoryissomethingbutpracticeiseverything.理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。,6.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.7.小不忍则乱打谋。Ifoneisnotpatientinsmallthing,onewillneverbeabletocontrolgreatventures.,8.三个丑皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.9.班门弄斧。ShowingoffonesproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter.,AnotherStrategy,1.Nowwehavesolvedtheproblemandhavearrivedatthesameconclusionastheyarrivedat.现在我们已经解决了这个问题，并且得出了和他们相同的结论。（omission）,2.Herealizedthe“subtlety”ofChinasmessages,thegapbetweenherhotrhetoricandhercoolaction.他领会了中国信息的“微妙之处”：言辞激烈，但行动沉着。（omission）,3.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritories,encompassalargepopulationandaboundinnaturalresources.这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。4.Whenitisdarkintheeast,itislightinthewest;whenthingsaredarkinthesouththereisstilllightinthenorth.东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。,5.Ifyougivehimaninch,hewilltakeamile.得寸进尺。,Conversion,1.MarywasEnglishandFrenchteacherfortwoyearsattheJewishschool.玛丽在那所犹太学校里教过两年英文和法文。(changingthepartofspeech),2.Parentsloveofchildrenisperfectandminute.父母爱子女无微不至。3.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。4.Weareenemiesofallwars,butaboveallofdynasticwars.我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。,5.语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。Themasteryoflanguageisnoteasyandrequirespainstakingeffort.6.少说空话，多做工作。Theremustbelessemptytalkandmorehardwork.,Negation,1.Itserveslitlepurposetohavecontinuedpublicdiscussionofthisissue.继续公开讨论这个问题是不会又什么益处的。(negation),2.Johngotthemessage.Heknewitwasntgoingtobeeasy;butunlikemanyofhispeers,hewasnotinaweofGeorge.Actually,hecouldntwaittomeethim.约翰听到了这个消息。他知道这场比赛是会艰苦的，但他不像他的许多伙伴那样，他对乔治不存畏惧之心。说实在的，他倒急于向他迎战。(negation),3.干这事我力不胜任。Todothisisbeyongmyability.4.那家伙很不老实。Thatfellowisfarfrombeinghonest.5.Allthatflatteryoutoomucharenotfaithfulfriends.捧你的人并非都是你忠实朋友。,6.Bothchildrenarenotclever.并非两个孩子都聪明。,Division,1.Shehassuchakindly,smiling,tender,gently,generousheartofherown.她心地厚道、性格温柔可疼，气量又大，为人又乐观。2.Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。,3.ThePeoplesRepublicofChinamustbecreatedbythebloodandtheworkofallofuswhobelieveinthefuture;whobelieveinmanandhisgloriousman-madedestiny.伟大的中华人民共和国必须用我们大家的鲜血和工作来缔造。我们这些人相信未来，相信人们，相信人们能够掌握自己的命运光辉灿烂的命运。,4.Thusithappenedthatwhenthenewfactoriesthatwerespringinguprequiredlabour,tensofthousandsofhomelessandhungryagriculturalworkers,withtheirwivesandchildren,wereforcedintothecitiesinsearchofwork,anywork,underanycondition,thatwouldkeepthemalive.,于是，就出现了这样的情况，正当新办的工厂纷纷成立、需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业的劳动者，携妻带儿，被迫流入城市；他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不讲什么条件，只要不让他们饿死就行。,5.JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhsitory:thesimplefact,hithertoconcealedbyanovergrowtheofideology,thatmankindmustfirstofalleat,drink,haveshelterandclothing,beforeitcanpursuepolitics,science,art,religion,etc.;,thatthereforetheproductionoftheimmediatematerialmeansofsubsistenceandconsequentlythedegreeofeconomicdevelopmentattainedbyagivenpeopleorduringagivenepochformthefoundationuponwhichthesateinstitutions,thelegalconceptions,art,andeventheideasonreligion,ofthepeopleconcernedhavebeenevolved,andinthe,Lightofwhichtheymust,therefore,beexplained,insteadofviceversa,ashadhithertobeenthecase.(126words),正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来为繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿、然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等；所以，直接的物质的生活资料的生产，因而一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展阶段，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度、法的观点、艺术以至宗教观念，就,是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不是像过去那样做得相反。(在马克思墓前的讲话),无主句,弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。Ifthingsarenotproperlyhandled,ourlabourwillbetotallylost.知己知彼，百战不殆。Knowtheenemyandknowyourself,andyoucanfightahundredbattleswithnodangerofdefeat.,不经一事，不长一智。Youcantgainknowledgewithoutpractice.Wisdomcomesfromexperience.,中国的主要人口是农民，革命靠了农民的援助才取得了胜利，国家工业化又要靠农民的援助才能成功，所以工人阶级应当积极地帮助农民进行土地改革，城市小资产阶级和民族资产阶级也应当赞助这种改革，各民主党派各人民团体更应当采取这种态度。,ThepeasantsformthebulkofChinaspopulation.Itwaswiththeirhelpthatvictorywaswonintherevolution,anditisagaintheirhelpthatwillmaketheindustrializationofthecountrypossible.Therefore,theworkingclassshouldactivelyhelpthepeasantscarryouttheagarianreform,theurbanpettybourgeoisieandnationalbourgeoisieshouldalsogivetheirsupport,andstillmoresoshouldallthedemocraticpartiesandpeoplesorganization.,我们的一般企业很少注意经济效果，广泛存在着劳动无定员、生产无定额、质量无检查、成本无核算的现象，在人力、物力、财力上造成很多浪费。,Ourenterprisesingeneralpaylittleattentiontoeconomicresult,sinceusuallythenumberofworkersneededforajobisnotfixed,productionquotaisnotfix