石油英语重点句子翻译3

,Unit3RegionalDevelopmentofPetroleumIndustry,TextATheGlobalizedViewofPetroleumTextBTrendsinRussiasOilandGasSectorDevelopmentTextCOilandNaturalGasProspects:MiddleEastandNorthAfrica,Part1(Para.1-3)：abriefintroductiontotheuseofoilandoilconsumptionpatternsPart2(Para.4-13)：energysecurityconcernsandwaystoensuretheenergysecurityPart3(Para.14-16)：U.S.andChineseoilconsumptionandimportsPart4(Para.17-19)：therisingroleAfricaplaysinoilexports,TextOrganization,Texta,InformationAnalysis,Part1(Para.1-3)abriefintroductiontotheuseofoilandoilconsumptionpatterns,2.Pleaselistdifferentcountriesorregionspercentageofoilinenergyconsumptionintheorderfromthelargesttosmallest.,Texta,1.Pleaselisttheuseofoilinourdailylife.,InformationAnalysis,Part1(Para.1-3)abriefintroductiontotheuseofoilandoilconsumptionpatterns,Petroleumproductsandpetrochemicalsaffectalmosteveryaspectofourcivilizationandofourlivesasindividuals,includingtheareasoftransportation,food,clothing,shelterandrecreation.(Para.1),2.Pleaselistdifferentcountriesorregionspercentageofoilinenergyconsumptionintheorderfromthelargesttosmallest.,Texta,1.Pleaselisttheuseofoilinourdailylife.,MiddleEast(53%),SouthandCentralAmerica(44%),Africa(41%),NorthAmerica(40%),EuropeandAsia(32%)(Para.3),Part2(Para.4-13)：energysecurityconcernsandwaystoensuretheenergysecurity,Texta,InformationAnalysis,1.Whatarethetwoimportanteventsin1991thatinfluencesignificantlyontheglobaloilproductionandenergysecurity?,2.WhatdevelopmentsweresupposedtoalleviatetheenergysecurityconcernsthattheU.Sfacedafterthe1970s?,3.Whatisthebestwaytheauthorputsforwardtoensurethatoilisnolongerstrategicallyimportant?,Part2(Para.4-13)：energysecurityconcernsandwaystoensuretheenergysecurity,Texta,InformationAnalysis,1.Whatarethetwoimportanteventsin1991thatinfluencesignificantlyontheglobaloilproductionandenergysecurity?,ThePersianGulfWarandtheSovietUnionscollapse.(Para.4),ThePersianGulfWar:Thewarisalsoknownunderothernames,suchasthePersianGulfWar,FirstGulfWar,GulfWarI,KuwaitWar,FirstIraqWar,orIraqWarbeforetheterm“IraqWar”becameidentifiedinsteadwiththe2003IraqWar.KuwaitsinvasionbyIraqitroopsthatbegan2August1990wasmetwithinternationalcondemnation.Anarrayof（alotof）nationsjoinedtheCoalition（联合）,thelargestmilitaryalliance（军事联盟）sinceWorldWarII.ThegreatmajorityoftheCoalitionsmilitaryforceswerefromtheU.S.,withSaudiArabia,theUnitedKingdomandEgyptasleadingcontributor.Therearemanyreasonsforthewar.First,ThroughouttheColdWar,Iraqhadbeenanally(同盟国)oftheSovietUnion,andtherewasahistoryoffrictionbetweenitandtheUnitedStates.TheIraqKuwaitdisputealsoinvolvedIraqiclaimstoKuwaitasIraqiterritory.Inaddition,IraqalsoaccusedKuwaitofexceedingitsOPECquotas（定额，限额）foroilproduction.Inorderforthecartel（国际石油卡特尔）tomaintainitsdesiredpriceof$18abarrel,disciplinewasrequired.TheUnitedArabEmiratesandKuwaitwereconsistentlyoverproducing.,1973oilcrisis:The1973oilcrisisbeganinOctober1973whenthemembersoftheorganizationofArabPetroleumExportingCountries(OAPEC,consistingoftheArabmembersoftheOPEC,plusEgypt,SyriaandTunisia(非洲国家突尼斯)proclaimedanoilembargo（石油禁运）.BytheendoftheembargoinMarch1974,thepriceofoilhadrisenfrom$3perbarreltonearly$12,2.WhatdevelopmentsweresupposedtoalleviatetheenergysecurityconcernsthattheU.Sfacedafterthe1970s?,AmericanenergysecuritypolicyhasfocusedoneffortstoextricateU.S.energydependencefromthepoliticalvolatilityoftheMiddleEast,importfromfriendlynations.Politicalandeconomicchangesalsobroughtnewoiltomarket.Andtheexpansionofglobaloilproductionhasbeenaccompaniedbyoilmarketconsolidation.(Para.6-9),3.Whatisthebestwaytheauthorputsforwardtoensurethatoilisnolongerstrategicallyimportant?,Thebestwaytoensurethatoilisnolongerstrategicallyimportantmaybetopromotealternativeformsoftransportation.Asufficientlylargefleetofelectricorbiofuel-basedcarswouldreducetheinfluenceoilhasontransportation.(Para.13),1975年，一位英国记者写了本关于石油历史的书，提出了“Sevensisters”一词，自此，“七姐妹”成为了西方石油工业的代名词，也被称为国际石油卡特尔，包括：1.新泽西标准石油，即后来的埃克森（Exxon）石油公司；2.纽约标准石油，即后来的美孚（Mobil）石油公司，1998年与埃克森（Exxon）合并组成埃克森美孚（Exxon-Mobil）；3.加利福尼亚标准石油，后来成为雪佛龙（Chevron），2001年吞并了七姐妹的另外一家德士古（Texaco），叫雪佛龙德士古（Chevron-Texaco）；4.德士古石油公司（Texaco）；5.海湾石油（GulfOil），1984年为雪佛龙（Chevron）所收购；6.英国波斯石油公司，因其当时主要经营范围在伊朗，在伊朗革命后撤走，全力经营北海油田，即后来的英国石油公司（BritishPetroleum,“BP”）。也被称为超越石油（BeyondPetroleum）；7.壳牌公司（Shell），其为英荷合资公司。七姐妹在多次合并重组后只剩四家，随着新的石油企业兴起，有人称新的“石油七姐妹”是：沙特阿拉伯石油公司(SaudiAramco)、俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司(Gazprom)、中国石油天然气集团公司(CNPC)、伊朗国家石油公司(NIOC)、委内瑞拉石油公司(PDVSA)、巴西石油公司(Petrobras)和马来西亚国家石油公司(Petronas)。这些公司总共控制着全球近三分之一的油气生产和超过三分之一的油气储量。,Part3(Para.14-16)：U.S.andChineseoilconsumptionandimports,Texta,InformationAnalysis,1.WhydoestheauthorsaythatChinacompeteswithavarietyofcountriesforaccesstooil?,2.WhydoestheauthorsaythatChinaispursuingalong-termpolicyofenergysecurityratherthanfollowingtheapproachofWesterncompaniesthattendstoemphasizeshort-termprofits?Canyouexplainitbyexamples?,Part3(Para.14-16)：U.S.andChineseoilconsumptionandimports,Texta,InformationAnalysis,1.WhydoestheauthorsaythatChinacompeteswithavarietyofcountriesforaccesstooil?,ThesheersizeofChinaspopulationanditsrapidlyexpandingeconomyareleadingtoincreasingcompetitionforaccesstooilwithavarietyofcountries.(Para.15),2.WhydoestheauthorsaythatChinaispursuingalong-termpolicyofenergysecurityratherthanfollowingtheapproachofWesterncompaniesthattendstoemphasizeshort-termprofits?Canyouexplainitbyexamples?,ChinaisdiversifyingitssuppliersandencouragingitsnationaloilcompaniestoinvestinAfrica,theMiddleEast,andelsewhere.Example:CNOOCsventuretobuyBPsPanAmericanStake.(Para.16),BecauseAfricaremainslargelyunexploredandmaywellbethelocationofsignificantfutureoilandgasdiscoveries.Besides,Africanoilalsotendstobehighqualityandlowinsulfur,makingitdesirabletorefiners.(Para.17),Part4(Para.17-19)：therisingroleAfricaplaysinoilexports,Texta,InformationAnalysis,1.WhataretheadvantagesAfricahasasanoilexporter?,ThemeDiscussion,Discussthefollowingtheme-relatedquestions.1)Basedonthisarticle,howcanweguaranteeourenergysecurity?2)ComparedwithAmerica,whatarethestrongpointsChinahasintheimportingcompetitionofAfricanoil?,TextA,ThemeDiscussion,1)Basedonthisarticle,howcanweguaranteeourenergysecurity?,TextA,Weshouldnotonlylearnfromsomedevelopednationstoextricate(摆脱)ourenergydependencefromthepoliticalvolatile(unsteady)countries;inthemeantime,weshoulddiversifythesupplierswerelyontoimportoil.Besides,wealsohavetopursuealong-termenergysecuritypolicytoinvestinthoseoil-richregions.Mostimportantofall,wemustreduceourrelianceonoil,andreducetheoilconsumption.,ThemeDiscussion,2)ComparedwithAmerica,whatarethestrongpointsChinahasintheimportingcompetitionofAfricanoil?,TextA,ComparedwithAmerica,ChinahasalwaysbeenkeepingafriendlyrelationshipwithAfricancountries.ChinahelpsAfricainvariousareasfromagriculture,medicaretotransportationandinfrastructure,etc.Besidesimportingoil,ChinaisalsohelpingandinvestinginthoseAfricanoil-exporterspetroleumindustrialconstruction.,LanguagePoints,Texta,1.Thesupply,productionandconsumptionofpetroleuminfluencenationaleconomies,andhaveabearingonglobalpoliticsandinternationalrelationships.(Para.1),翻译：,石油的供应，生产及消费会影响国家的经济，并与全球政治，国际关系密切相关。,LanguagePoints,Texta,2Theglobaloilmarketopenedup,endingan80-yearperiodwhenthebiggestconcernwasdiversityofsources.（Para.3）,翻译：,全球石油市场的开放，消除了80年来世界对能源多样性的顾虑。,3.Safetyandcertaintyinoillieinvarietyandvarietyalone.(Para.6),翻译：,石油的安全性与确定性取决于，而且只取决于供应渠道的多样化。,Texta,LanguagePoints,4Oilcontractsaretradedinliquidcommoditymarketthatcreateuniformoilpricesaroundtheworld.(Para.8),翻译：,石油以期货方式进行交易，并以统一价格纳入全球液体商品交易市场。,Texta,LanguagePoints,5.Americawouldnolongerbeheldhostagetosupplyshocksthatcouldcutoffouraccesstooil.(Para.9),翻译：,美国不再受制于可能切断我们石油来源的供给冲击。,Texta,LanguagePoints,6Whileitisimportanttokeepthisinperspective,Chinahashadoneofthesharpestincreasesinenergydemandgloballyduringthepasttwodecades.(Para.14),翻译：,正确地看待这一现象很重要，即在过去的20年里，中国是全世界能源需求增长最快的国家之一。,Texta,LanguagePoints,7ButAfricaremainslargelyunexploredandmaywellbethelocationofsignificantfutureoilandgasdiscoveries.(Para.17),翻译：,但非洲大部分地区未被开发，未来可能成为石油和天然气重要的开采地。,Texta,LanguagePoints,Section3textlearning(B),TrendsinRussiasOilandGasSectorDevelopment,1.Shouldthatperiodturnouttobeshort,theresultingnegativeeffectwillberatherlimited;otherwise,oiloutputinthiscountrymaydrop,thusbringingdowngovernmentrevenue.(Para.1),翻译：,若制裁期短，由此产生的负面影响将极其有限；反之，俄罗斯的石油产量可能会下降，从而降低政府收入。,TextB,LanguagePoints,2.Manyofthecurrentlyexploitedoilfieldshaveenteredthephaseofdecliningoutput,whilethenewoilfieldsinamajorityofcaseshavelessbeneficialmining,geologicalandgeographicalparameters,andsotheirdevelopmentwillbeassociatedwithhighercapital,productionandtransportcost.(Para.2),翻译：,目前许多已开发的油田已经进入了产量衰退期，然而大部分新油田在开采、地质、地理条件方面尚不成熟，其发展意味着需投入更多的资金，生产和运输成本。,TextB,LanguagePoints,3.ThesanctionsinvolverestrictionsontheaccessofRussiasleadingoilandgassectorcompaniestothefinancialmarketsinthesecountries,aswellasrestrictionsonsuppliesofcertaintypesofequipmentandtechnologiestoRussiaandonservicesrelatingtoresearchandexplorationofdeepseaandArcticoilfields,andshaleoilextraction.(Para.7),翻译：,制裁包括:限制俄罗斯主要石油、天然气公司进入这些国家的金融市场；限制向俄供应指定的装备和技术；限制向俄提供深海及北极地区油田相关研究和探测服务以及页岩油开采方面的服务。,TextB,LanguagePoints,Exercises,ILanguage,IIOralPresentation,IIITranslation,IVEssayWriting,EngineeringCommunicationFocuses,ILanguage,Task1GlossaryMatch1f2b3d4a5g6e7h8c,Exercises,1undermine2volatility3extricate4deteriorate5allocation,6constraint7analogue8proliferation9parameter10consolidation,Task2WordsorExpressionsCheck,IIOralPresentations,Task1QuestionsandAnswers,Possibleanswerslieinthefollowingparagraphsofthetexts:Question1.Paragraph16oftextAQuestion2.Paragraph19oftextAQuestion3.Paragraphs2oftextBQuestion4.Paragraph8-9oftextBQuestion5.Paragraphs14-16oftextC,Exercises,Exercises,IIITranslation,Task1TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.,1、全球石油产量的增长一直伴随着石油市场的整合。石油合同在液体商品市场进行交易，而正是这里，创造了世界的统一油价。由于这些变化，石油价格的差异只体现在质量或运输成本的实质性差别上。2、确保石油不再处于战略性重要地位的最有效方法可能是发展多元化的交通方式。使用大量以电力或者生物能源为动力的汽车可以降低石油对交通的影响。这些转变能非常有效地提高能源安全，虽然看起来并不显眼。3、目前许多已开发的油田进入了产量衰退期，然而大部分新开发的油田开发条件欠佳，地