纠音、透析与突破.ppt

纠音、透析与突破,内容,Vowels元音Consonants辅音Rhythm节奏Intonation语调,元音,1，单独组成音节（不定冠词a）2，和前后辅音组成音节（cat）前元音单元音中元音元音后元音双元音,前元音,/i:/beancleanpizzareadeatfeedGreekgreensheetspeakkeepSteveteethweekWhatdoesitmean?Lookbeforeyouleap.Itsmytreattoday.,Bonus,e-we/he/she/even/Peteree-see/feet/wheel/bee/heelea-tea/eat/sea/beach/steamie-piece/niece/thief/believeei-ceiling/receive,/i/,biglidpigsitstickstillTimtinhillfishchipdrillBusinessisbusiness.Doesitfit?Zipyourlips!Doyoulikepickledfish?,Bonus,ui-quiz/guitar/building/quicke-pretty/kitchen/listenu-busy/business/i-sit/bit/click/hinder/jingle/sicky-gym/rhythm/symboley-money/honey/monkey/donkey,/e/,betcheckegggetheadjetfriendpetsecondtellwetvetYoubet.Itdepends.Eastandwest,homeisthebest.Whatisthecuttingedgeofthecompany?Itsnottheendoftheword.,Bonus,e-yes/send/best/rest/nesta-many/anyue-guess/guest/requestea-bread/dead/heaven/weatherai-saidie-friend,/,AlbertbadmatterpanvanwaxhammerjacketblanketcamelgapIllcatchyoulater.Cannerscancanwhattheycancan,butcantcanwhattheycantcan.Illnoeletthecatoutofthebag.,Bonus,a-cat/bat/map/exact/fataf-craft/afteram-exam/example/stamp/jam/an-dance/and/man/handas-glass/class/pass/ask/taskath-bath/path/math,CentralVowel中元音,/cupcutbugcampusdonegumhuntluckmonthshutrubtubButmenobuts!Wellbegunishalfdone.Iamdone!,Bonus,a-ago/about/again/abuto-won/one/son/loveoo-blood/floodou-tough/double/couple/cousinu-but/club/study/sun/lunch,/stressed；/unstressed,birdletterneverdirtyearnnumberearnpurposesearchtermhurtlaterTheearlybirdcatchestheworm.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.HernameisShirley.Thepatientwasburningwithfever.,Bonus,ar-dollar/collar/similarer-her/person/term/perhaps/herbir-firm/sir/thirstyor-actor/doctor/humor/world/sisterur-hurt/occur/fur/curtain/purpleear-search/earn/learn/earthure-future/culture/furniture/pleasure,Backvowels后元音,/a/(/)barGodjobcalmChicagohotolivesockfarmpalmtarbottlewantwaterOh,myGosh!(shoot,sugar)Itsapromise.Hardtotell.,Bonus,a-what/wash/want/water/father/garageo-shop/college/bottom/problem/logger,/,alllongawfulLordmoreballcallsmallstronglawnOh,itsmyfault.Whatsthecauseofallthis?Shelikestowalkalongthewalleverymorning.,Bonus,o-dog/cross/boss/song/coffee/longal-all/wall/walk/always/talkau-cause/daughter/Augustaw-law/saw/lawyer/draw/awesomeough-fought/bought/ought,/(/u/),bookbullgoodbusheshookhoodlookshouldsugarwoolcouldfullfootYouarepullingmyleg.Hetookthecushionandshookit.Theyshookhandsandstoodtalkingforawhile.,Bonus,u-put/cushion/bull/butcheroo-wood/good/book/understoodou-could/would/should,/u/(/u:/),bluenewbootnoonrootcoolduerulefoodgoosegrewmoonsoupwooItstoogoodtobetrue.Nonewsisgoodnews.Youshouldchoosebetweenthetwo.,Bonus,o-do/two/moveoo-boot/tool/pool/shoot/spoonu-rule/suit/duty/tune/Julyue-clue/blue/cruel/due/sueou-group/youth/you/ew-new/threw/jewel/stew/slew,Diphthongs双元音,/e/(/ei/)ageradiocakeracedayraingamestationlaketapelatetomatopapertomatoplacetrainplanevacationMorehaste,lessspeed.Itspaydaytoday.Heoftenmakesafacetothebaby.,Bonus,a-make/face/date/age/acheai-rain/train/plain/mail/raisinay-say/lay/gay/mayey-they/heyea-greateigh-neighbor/eight/weight,/o/(/u/),boatnotebowlposeclosesofacoalsoldiergoldtoldholdtollloanwindowmoanManpropose,Goddispose.Youhavetodoitalone.Joewantstobeavarietyshowhost.,Bonus,o-no/Ok/those/hopeoa-road/boat/coat/float/goat/soapoe-toe/Joe/poemou-shoulderow-show/grow/low/own/know/yellowough-though/although,/ai/,bikeminedimerightdiveflighthiketightwildkiteAllright.Greatmindsthinkalike.Outofsight,outofmind.Timeandtidewaitfornomany.,Bonus,i-climb/hide/bite/nicey-by/cry/style/lyingie-tie/pie/dietigh-night/right/knight/flightye-eye/bye/dye,/au/,cowourflowerouttowelowltownshoutmouthmouseThereisnodoubtaboutit.Hesanightowl.Letsgetoutofherenow.,Bonus,ou-loud/south/about/ploughow-brown/allow/glower(atsb.),/i/,annoymoistboyvoicesoyoilcoinsoilboilThatsthepoint.Sheisaspoiledgirl.Doyouknowwhatisboilingpoint?,Bonus,oy-toy/soy/joy/destroy/loyal/royaloi-soil/avoid/boil/choice/poison,Consonants辅音,辅音与声母的区别b波/p坡/cat爆破音：/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/摩擦音：/f/,/v/,/,/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/r/,/h/,/hw/破擦音：/t/,/d/鼻音：/m/,/n/,/舌侧音：/l/半元音：/w/,/j/,爆破音Plosive(stopconsonants),/p/,/b/(双唇爆破音)Picture,pay,happy,zip,put,peter,hope,pearmap,pass,cap,groupBend,book,double,absent,bear,beer,job,bill,robe,blueberryPracticemakesperfect.PathasaPolishpenpalcalledPeter.PeelthepineapplesandIwillpreparethepineapplepie.,/t/,/d/齿龈爆破音tabletomorrowteachbetterbatwaterrentIliveinadowntownareaofthecity.Itsjustawasteoftime.Whatsthedatetoday?Igetintobedabouttenthirtyeveryday.,/k/,/g/软腭爆破音coolclaimclerkhockeyqueenoccurgunglidebargaingrainbeginexamgreenAgoodbeginningmakesagoodending.Icaughtacoldwhileplayingthehockey.Thekidsoftengohikingduringtheweekends.,Fricatives摩擦音,唇齿摩擦音/f/,/v/FatherdeaffarmhalfphototoughaffairprefersoftfarVeryelevennovelviewavoidgloveloveDontalwaysfollowthefashion.Youhavetofillouttheformsfirst.Onlyafewfriendswereeverinvitedtothefamousviolinistsvilla.Thevillahasafantasticview.Furthermore,theviolinistsfamilykeepsanelephantandfeedsitveryday.,舌齿摩擦音/,/ThinkteeththoughtmouththankboothThoseneitherleathermotherthanweatherThanksalot.Wishyoubothhealthandwealth.Therumorpassedfrommouthtomouth.Theywillsticktogetherthroughthickandthin.,齿龈摩擦音/s/,/z/sixdancesitsimplepastsizelistenexcitescentzoorealizethingsdozenloseeasyrefusezeroeasyprizepleaseclauseAstilltonguemakesawisehead.Speaklessandlistenmore.IamsorrythatSusanissicksincelastSunday.,齿龈后部摩擦音/,/sheeptrashshipshrinksugarshriekmachinedictionarychampagnenationalmoustacheChicagovisionmeasurepleasuremassagedecisionMeasureformeasure.Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Oh,dontmentionit.,齿龈后部摩擦音/r/runrhythmhaircrowdraincrimeherfryrightFactsspeakslouderthanwords.Itsarareopportunity.DoinRomeasRomansdo.HernameisJenniferandhisnameisRobert.Sheislawyerandheisadoctor.TheyweremarriedlastThursdayinthatlittlechurchonthehill.,声门摩擦音/h/,/hw/hw/东部口音，少见hothomehimwhohandhookhellohowHelenHealthiswealth.Itmighthelp.,Lateral舌侧音/l/清晰clear：let,light,lamp模糊dark：bill,milk,stillLightcalllipmilklodginglittlebattlepeelmiddlepeelaliveLoveme,lovemydog.Likefather,likeson.Itsnousecryingoverspilledmilk.Itsnevertoolatetolearn.,Nasals鼻腔音,双唇鼻腔音/m/momseemsomewarmSamhammouthmonthMuchwillhavemore.Tomandhismombothlikemuffinsverymuch.,舌龈鼻腔音/n/nightnameninenothingneedsinwinthinsunwarnIneedanothernicename.Nancyispeelingtheonion.Thesunsgoingdownnow.软腭鼻腔音/singringinklonglengthbankthinghangsongSheissingingthissongalltheevening.Remembertobringtheringtothewedding.,Affricates破擦音,硬腭破擦音/t/,/d/lunchsearchbranchpitchchurchchoosejudgejailjambridgejoyregionExcuseme.Ididntcatchyou.GeorgeChurchillisadriver.Hedrivesthelargejeep.(note:/t/plussemi-vowel/j/pronouncedas/t/asinthephrasemeetyou/mitu/)(note:/d/plussemi-vowel/j/pronouncedas/d/asinthephraseneedyou/nid/),补充,英式英语中：清浊对应的破擦音/dr/,/tr/美式英语中：两个辅音结合的辅音连缀treetruthtracetraintrucktradedreamdrilldrivedrydrainbedroomTrickortreat?Whenwillmydreamcometrue?,Semi-Vowels半元音,半元音/w/,/j/wewifeweirdwordwalkquitequestionyouyearyouthyogurtyellYaleyawnNoway.Hey,whatsup?Notyet.Helpyourself.,ThetsoundinAmericanEnglish,1,当t出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读位置时，t音需要浊化，发成一个类似d的音。LetterwaterbetterdutybittercityIgotit.wouldyoupickitup?t如果处于重读位置的话，即使两个元音之间也不需要浊化：清晰的t浊化的tItalianItalyattackatticatomicatomPhotographerphotograph,2,当t前面是一个元音，后面是一个模糊的/l/,且处于非重读位置，此时t也需要浊化，发近似d的音：bottlecattlerattlebattlelittlesettle3,如果t前面是一个清辅音或者前鼻音/n/。且后面是一个元音，又处于非重读位置的话，t要浊化，发近似于d的音:twentycenterfiftyafterhastyfastersistersixtychapteractorgentle4,如果t处于单词词尾位置，且前面又有元音或者r音节，此时t通常不发音：artgetheartgutwhatvisititcredit5,在清辅音或浊辅音/n/,/l/之后，处于非重读的位置，t发清晰的送气爆破音：grantsleptliftbeltcorrect6,在词组中如果t音后是一个辅音，则此时t音经常不送气，甚至失音：not-Itsnotme.Right-Shesnotinrightnow.Just-Hecalledyoujustnow.,Somespecialendings特殊词尾发音,过去式（过去分词）词尾-ed/-d的发音1，在清辅音/t/和浊辅音/d/之后，过去式词尾发音为/id/。hate-hatedhand-handedcheat-cheatedseat-seateddefend-defendedguard-guarded2,在除/t/以外的清辅音之后，过去式词尾发音为/t/。kiss-kissedlink-linkedmiss-missedbake-bakedpass-passedlaugh-laughed3,在元音和除/d/以外的浊辅音之后，过去式词尾发音为/d/。stay-stayedclimb-climbedbomb-bombedfry-friedchange-changedsettle-settled,名词复数和动词第三人称单数-es/-s的发音1，在辅音/s/,/z/,/,/,/t/,/d/之后发音为/iz/。glass-glasseshouse-housesrose-rosesbrush-brushes2，在清辅音/p/t/k/f/之后发音为/s/。ship-shipspick-pickscat-catsbook-booksbreath-breaths3，在所有元音和除规则一提及的以外的浊辅音之后发/z/。stay-staysbeg-begsegg-eggsfan-fansbed-bedsbottle-bottles,字母x的发音规则一：位于单词词首且重读的时候，发音为/z/：Xerox静电复印；xenophobia仇视外国人的规则二：位于元音之前且重读的时候，发音为/gz/:exactexamineexamexistexhaust规则三：除以上两种情况外，发音为/ks/：textexpenseexplainboxsix,Wordstress单词重读,1,单音节词（MonosyllabicWords）都重读，不需标重音符号:mangoodonebadyoubird2,双音节词（disyllabicwords）一般重音落在首音节上：riverbookcasepaper少数外来词重音落在第二个音节上：hotelgaragepolitemachine还有含有某些词缀的词（尤其是动词），重音也会落在第二个音节上。a-,ab-,ap-,suc-,to-,.Abnormalappearsucceedtoday3,多音节词（polysyllabicwords）重读落在倒数第三个音节上。Internationalimpossibilityuniversityanniversary(不规则的不赘述),连读thelinkingofsounds,1,相同辅音的连读Yes,sir.Wantto;yourrole;agooddeal2,辅音与元音的连读Therearetwocatsonthetable.Lifegoesonasitneverends.MITisafamousuniversity.3,元音与元音的连读（滑动，一气呵成）SeemeoffTheotherDoitGoonMayIhelpyou?dontgiveup.Tryagain.,Intonation,Statements陈述句1,降调（fallingtone）Anniswritingaletter.Thechildissleepingonthefloor.Iamgoingtothedrugstorewithmysister.PleasetellmeJohnstelephonenumber.,声调(risingtone)1,宽慰、鼓励、友好Ok,IpromiseIwontdrivetoo/fast.Will,behere/soon.2,表示疑问或反驳Theydidntwanttocome.Theydidntwantto/come?MathewwasborninChina.Mathewwasbornin/China.,Questions疑问句,1，降调(询问信息，强调，信息主体)Whydidyouchangeyourmind?Whatonearthhashappenedtohim?Howmanydepartmentsarethereinyourcollege?,升调Wheredidyouspendyoursummervacation?IspendmysummerinFlorida./where?,一般疑问句（yes-noquestion）,Areyou/readyyet?Yes,Imready.Doyouspeak/English?Yes,butjustalittle.Aretheboysa/sleep?Yes,theyaresoundasleepnow.,反义疑问句（tag-questions）,WhenisVeracoming?Shescomingtomorrow,isnt/she?(不确定、不强加),降调Youdontlikethiscolor,doyou?(see,Iknowyousowell.)No,Idont.(youareright.),节奏，断句,ButIwouldaskyoutorememberthatitisnotaworldfullofpossibilitiesforall.Eachofyouhasbeenthebeneficiaryofarareprivilege.Youhavereceivedanexceptionaleducationatanexceptionalplacewhentherearemany,inbothyourcountryandmine,andinmany,manyotherpartsofourworld,whoarejustasinnatelytalentedandjustasambitiousasyouarebutwillneverhavesuchanopportunity.Isaythisnottomakeyoufeelguilty.Youshouldbeproudofwhatyouhaveachieved.ButIdoaskthatyouuseyoureducationtopursueonlytheworthiestofgoals;goalsthatcancontributetothebettermentofthelivesofothers;andgoalsthatgiveyoupersonalsatisfactionbecauseoftheircontributiontothesocietywelivein.,TakeMeHome,CountryRoadAlmostheavenWestVirginiaBlueRidgeMountainsShenandoahRiverLifeisoldthereOlderthanthetreesYoungerthanthemountainsGrowinglikeabreezeCountryroadstakemehomeTotheplaceIbelongWestVirginiaMountainMamaTakemehomecountryroadsAllmymemoriesGatherroundherMinersLadyStrangertobluewaterDarkanddustyPaintedontheskyMistytasteofmoonshineTeardropsinmyey