托福写作ppt课件

.,1,如何组段成章（段落提高）,.,2,好段落的特征,.,3,内容丰富（fullness）、段落思想统一（unity）、段落内容连贯（coherence）.,.,4,内容丰富（fullness）,.,5,什么叫内容丰富,.,6,如何做到内容丰富,.,7,a.逻辑安排上：多方面、深层次的发展段落中心b.细节例子上：具体、详实,.,8,段落思想统一（unity）,.,9,什么叫?段落思想统一,.,10,如何做到段落思想统一每段有一个明确的主题句topicsentence然后围绕此句展开，起指引写作方向的作用,.,11,段落内容连贯（coherence）,.,12,什么叫段落内容连贯,.,13,如何做到段落内容连贯：a.在人称、单复数上保持统一在时态上保持统一b.注意使用转承语transitionalwords,.,14,段落写作（基本段落结构）,.,15,开头段（introduction）,.,16,要达到的写作目的!,.,17,包含内容：,.,18,a.引言（generalstatement）b.观点句（thesisstatement）,.,19,开头的方法：（6种）,.,20,第1种：开门见山（最保险）,.,21,第2种：现象法（最常见）,.,22,经济方面Withthedevelopment/growthofeconomy,Astheeconomyisrapidlydeveloping,Withtheincreasinglyrapideconomicglobalizationandurbanization,more(problems)arebroughttoourattention,.,23,社会方面Asthesocietyadvanced,peopleareattachingmuchmoreimportancetoAsoursocietyisadvancing,peoplesdemandshavebecomeincreasinglydiversified.,.,24,科技应用方面Asiswidelyusedinallaspectsoflife,Asoneofthemostimportantinventionsofthe20thcentury,hasfoundedawideapplicationinallaspectofourlives,.,25,提出问题（最具吸力）,.,26,Theanswerisnegative/positivehardly，Surely,.,27,引用数据：（最真实，有可信度)Withapopulationaccountingfornearlyonequarteroftheworldspopulation,mycountryChina,hasbeensufferingfromseriouslossofarableland,whichnowhardlyaccountsfor7%ofoverallarablelandoftheworld.,.,28,下定义（最直观，一目了然）,.,29,Petsrefertotheanimalskeptinhouse,likecats,dogs,birds,andevensnakesorlizards,.,30,引用名言.谚语等,.,31,Bible最有力“Mancannotlivebybreadalone.”ThatisaBiblequotation,thetruthofwhichhasbeenrecognizedforthousandsofyears.Itmeansthatfoodanddrinkarenotenoughtosustainman,thatpracticalthingsarenotsufficienttotakemancontent,andthatmanhasasoulanddreamstothefinerthingsinlife,.,32,名人也权威：“Knowledgeispower.”Suchisremarkof,.,33,谚语也是检验过的真理,.,34,谚语：Sogoestheoldsaying.Justastheoldsayinggoes,.ThereismuchtruthintheoldsayingInotherwords,nothingismoreimportantthan(ononeswayto)名言：SuchisremarkofOneofthegreatestmen(scientists/philosophers/writers)onceremarked,Itistruethat,.,35,开头段四个原则,.,36,注意观点的范围,.,37,观点表述要语气坚定，避免动摇心虚不要出现：InmyhumbleopinionThoughmanypeopleopposemyview,IwouldliketopreferIamnotsureaboutthis,but,.,38,也不可太唐突，应该有铺垫不要写MypurposeofthispaperisMyanswerofthisquestionisInthispaper,Iwillattemptto,.,39,避免观点绝对一般化some,sometimes,inmostcases,generally/relativelyspeaking,.,40,主体段（mainbody）,.,41,写作目的从各个角度说明主题（论据、例子）,.,42,包含内容：A,段落主题句B,支持性细节各种详细的例子，包括个人经历、统计数据等等，用来支持段落的中心,.,43,三种例子客观例子主观例子假想例子,.,44,tobeginwith,tostartwith,forexample,forinstance,takeforexample,letstakethecaseofforinstance.Alltheexamplescometoindicatethat,.,45,Accordingtothestatistics/data/surveyof,thereareJustimagineSupposethat,.,46,陈述原因Oneoftheprimarycauses/reasonsisthat,.,47,Thereasons/causesfortheincrease/growth/developmentdecrease/declinecanbeexplained/illustrated/demonstratedintermof,.,48,Anotherfactorthatshouldbetakenintoconsiderationisthat,.,49,Yet/Still,anotherreasonisthat,.,50,段落结束句简单重复段落的大意,.,51,主体段（理由段）写作原则（a,是理由、b,是例子）注意东西方的思维差异,.,52,理由的选取：（好理由是好作文的灵魂）切题（食品容易准备一题）,.,53,具体（在社区建工厂）理由一：建造新的工厂促进经济发展理由二：可以招收更多工人促进地区就业（好）,.,54,单一：Itismoreeconomical,morehealthful,andmoreenjoyableforpeopletoliveinthecountrythaninthecity.,.,55,不好，应分成3段：countrylife,citylife,.,56,富有新意：,.,57,注意：不涉及政治、宗教、战争和一些犯罪话题，观点别太激进或是绝对化,.,58,理由安排要自然，富有逻辑（never,nevergiveup一题）,.,59,例子的选取：避生就孰（题材、用词）（城市乡村一题）不“测谎”，哪个了解、哪个好写就写哪个具体有生活气息,.,60,结尾段（conclusion）“锦上添花”还是“狗尾续貂”？,.,61,包含内容：一,是概括功能（概括全文，做出总结）；二,是呼应功能（和开头呼应）结尾段的方法：7种，巧妙的将开头重复paraphrase，而不是copy.,.,62,第1种归纳法：总结全文要点,.,63,Forwhathasbeendiscussabove,wemaysafelymake/draw/reach/cometo/arriveattheconclusionthat,.,64,第2种：提出建议、号召行动,.,65,Itishoped/suggested/recommendedthatgreateffortsshouldbemadetocontrol/check/promotethegrowth/increase/riseof,.,66,第3种：提出警告、后果,.,67,Itisnecessarythateffectiveactions/steps/shouldbetakentopreventthesituation/phenomenon.Itis,therefore,apparent/clear/obviousthatthetaskofrequiresimmediateattention.,.,68,第4种：预测未来常在社会、环保、科技问题上使用,.,69,Indeed,withtheadvance/progresssuchas,itislikelythattheinfluencewillgrowevenstronger,.,70,第5种：以退为进（让步写法）,.,71,AlthoughWeshouldgrantthatbutAdmittedlybutitisararecondition.Itshouldbegrantedthatbutthislikelihoodistoosmalltoconsider.,.,72,第6种：引用名言,.,73,第7种：以问题结尾,引人反思,.,74,托福作文模版句补充,.,75,开头,.,76,Whenitcomesto.,somethink.Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat.Aisacommonwayof.,butisitawiseone?Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus/hasbecomecontroversy,.,77,提出观点,.,78,Nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat.Itistimeweexploredthetruthof.Nowhereinhistoryhastheissuebeenmorevisible/obvious,.,79,进一步提出观点,.,80,.butthatisonlypartofthehistory.Anotherequallyimportantaspectis.Aisbutoneofthemanyeffects.Anotheris.Besides,otherreasonsare.,.,81,提出假想例子的方式,.,82,Supposethat.Justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif.Itisreasonabletoexpect.Itisnotsurprisingthat.,.,83,举普通例子,.,84,Agoodcaseinpointis.Aparticularexampleforthisis.,.,85,引用,.,86,.Thatishowsb.Commented(criticized/praised.).Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethis,.,87,讲故事,.,88,，thisstoryisnotrare.,suchdilemmaweoftenmeetindailylife.,thestorystillhasarealisticsignificance.,.,89,提出原因,.,90,Anydiscussionaboutthisproblemwouldinevitablyinvolve.ThefirstreasonthatcanbeobliviouslyseenisSomepeoplemayneglect/overlookthat.Partoftheexplanationis.,.,91,进行利弊对比,.,92,TheadvantagesofAoutweighthedisadvantages.AlthoughAenjoysadistinctadvantage.,.,93,Indeed,Acarriesmuchweigh