bp辩论规则介绍.ppt

a,1,BP,a,2,GeneralFormatandRules,WorldUniversitiesDebatingChampionships-theMt.EverestofDebating“WorldsStyle”,orBritishParliamentaryStyle(“BP”),a,3,Thereare4teamscompetingineachdebate(2teamsonthegovernmentside,and2teamsontheopposition)Themotiontobedebatedandthepositionsisreleasedonly15minutesbeforethestartofthedebateDebatersmaystandupandask“pointsofinformation”(or“POIs”)duringthespeechofadebateronanopposingteamEachspeakermayspeakfor7minutes,includingthetimetakentoreceiveandanswerPOIsfromopposingteams,a,4,Teams,4Teams(twoGovernmentandtwoOpposition).EachteamhastwospeakersGovernmentBench:-OpeningGovernment(PrimeMinisterself-proving,whenthecaseisthatsomethingshouldorshouldnotbedoneandthereisnoreasonablerebuttal(liketheTVdefinitionabove);Moraltruism,somethingtowhichnorealoppositionexists(like“Genocideisbad”.)timeset,whereadebateissetinthepastorthefutureSquirreling,whenamotionhasanobviousmeaning,youcannottwistthewordingofthemotiontodebateontosomethingelse.Donthangyourcase,a,26,HowcantheOpeningGovernmentsetupthedebate?,Thisdependsonthemotion.Broadly,therearetwokindsofmotions:thosethatcreatepolicydebates,andthosethatcreateprincipledebates.Anexampleofaprincipledebatewouldbethemotionsuggestedabove:“ThisHouseBelievesThatTVIsTheRootofAllEvil.”TheGovernmentteamsarenotaskedtoprovideassolutiontheydontneedtoconvinceustodoanything.,a,27,Apolicydebaterequirestheteamstoprovideasolutiontoaproblemthatmeanstheyhavetoconvinceusthatweshouldactuallydosomething.Indebating,thissolutioniscalledamodel.Anexampleofadebatewheremodelisneededwouldbe:“ThisHouseBelievesThatWeShouldBanSmokingInPublicPlaces”.Tosetupthisdebate,theOpeningGovernmentteamwouldhavetodoafewthings:(1)telluswhatpublicplacesare(i.e.thedefinition)andoutlinethespecificsofsuchaban(“wewouldbantheproduction,sale,andconsumptionoftobaccoinallforms),(2)tellusexactlyhowsmokingshouldbebanned(themodelcouldbefines,orperhapsjail?);(violatorswouldbesubjecttocriminalandcivilsanctionscommensuratewiththeseverityoftheviolation,rangingfromsimplefinesforpossessiontoincarcerationforrepeatedattemptstoproduceanddistribute”);(insomecases,agent,financing,otherterms)(3)telluswhysmokingshouldbebanned;(4)telluswhythebanshouldbethekindofbanthattheypropose(soifthebantheyproposewouldseepublicsmokersarejailed,theOpeningGovernmentmustexplainwhythisisso).,a,28,Heresaneasy4-stepguidetosettingupapolicydebate:,a,29,a,30,a,31,a,32,a,33,a,34,a,35,a,36,a,37,a,38,Firstopposition,a,39,ShouldIchallengethepropositionsdefinition?,OnlythefirstspeakeroftheoppositionallowedintheoryButdontdoitbecausedebatesaboutthedefinitionisbadandhorribletowatch.Itislegitimatetodefinewherenodefinitionshasbeenoffered.,a,40,Toestablishtheclashinthedebate,a,41,a,42,a,43,a,44,a,45,a,46,a,47,a,48,a,49,a,50,seconding,Faulttoomuchtimeonrebuttalandnotenoughsubstantivearguments,a,51,Extensions,TheroleoftheClosingGovernmentandClosingOppositionteamsinthedebateistoprovidean“extension”.Thismeansthattheymustintroducesomethingnewintothedebate.Thiscanbeawhollynewsetofarguments,itcanbeafreshperspectiveontheissue,oritcanbeadeeperlevelofanalysis.Dontforget,yourextensionhastobeconsistentwithyouropeningteamspositionandarguments!Youcantcontradicttheirpoints.Theonlyrulestorememberaboutcaseextensionsisthat:(a)Yourcasemustbeclear.(b)Itmustbedifferentfromthe1stteamscase.(c)Itmustnotcontradictthe1stteamscase.Extensionscanbe:adifferentperspectiveontheissueamorein-depthanalysisontheopeningteamscaseHerearesomeexampleextensions:,a,52,Sointhisexample,theClosingGovernmentspositionisconsistentwithOpeningGovernmenttheybothopposenuclearpowerbuttheyhaveprovidedafreshsetofreasonsforsupportingtheOGspolicy.,Example1:“ThisHouseWouldNotAllowNuclearPower.”TheOpeningGovernment-nuclearpowerisdangerous,andthatusednuclearmaterialisbadforhumansandtheenvironment.Thisistheenvironmentalconcern.TheClosingOppositionsextension-nuclearpowershouldbeopposedbecausethetechnologycanbeeasilymisusedtomakenuclearweapons.Thisextensionisthesecurityperspective.,a,53,Example2:Thishousewouldabolishthedeathpenalty.OG-thedeathpenaltyisinhumane,andthatitisalwayswrongtotakelife;thedeathpenaltydoesnotdetercrime.CG-useofthedeathpenaltyintheUSA,showingthatuseofthedeathpenaltytherehastargetedracialminoritiesandpeoplefrompoorersocio-economicbackground(theraceandsocio-economicargument).-highlightsomeexamplesintheUSAwhereinnocentpeoplewereexecuted,andtheyquotethemaximthat:“Itisbetterthatonehundredguiltymengofreethanthatoneinnocentmanisexecuted”(thepossiblemiscarriageofjusticeargument).-showhowthepredictionsmadebyOGwereprovedtobetrueintheUSA,bypointingoutthat,sincetheintroductionofthedeathpenaltyintheUSA,crimerateshadinfactgoneup.,a,54,MatterandManner,SpeakersandteamsinBPdebatesarejudgedontwoelements:matterandmanner.Mattercontentofthespeechargumentsadebaterusestofurtherhis/hercaseandpersuadetheaudienceincludesargumentsandreasoning,examples,casestudies,factsandothermaterialthatattemptstofurtherthecaseincludespositivematerial,rebuttals,pointsofinformationofferedandpointsofinformationtakenmattershouldberelevant,logicalandconsistentMannerpresentationofthespeechstyleandstructureadebaterusestofurtherhis/hercaseandpersuadetheaudience,a,55,Style-elementsofstyleincludeeyecontact,voicemodulation,handgestures,language,theuseofnotesandanyotherelementwhichmayaffecttheeffectivenessofthepresentationofthememberStructureincludesstructureofthespeechofthememberandthestructureofthespeechesoftheteamIndividualstructure:-elementsofstructureincludethestructureofthespeechofthememberandthestructureofthespeechoftheteam-eachdebatersspeechshouldinclude:anintroduction,seriesofargumentsandaconclusion-itshouldalsobewell-timedinaccordancewiththetimelimitationsandtheneedtoprioritiseandappor