英语选修7第一单元语法：动词不定式.ppt

Unit1,RevisetheInfinitive,livingwell,动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。,动词不定式,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作宾语补足语,4.作定语,5.作状语,6.作表语,7.作独立成分,8.与疑问词等连用,1.Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.Itsfoolishtodothatsortofthings.(主语)Itwouldbebetterforyoutogothere.2.Allyouhavetodoistofinishthejobquickly.WhatIwanttodoistohavearest.(表语)3.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.(宾语)Hefounditdifficulttogetupearly.4.Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Bettywasthefirstgirltocome.（定语）5.Sheaskedmetostayhere.（宾补）6.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.（状语）Hewenttotheseasideonlytobedrowned.,结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),Martysays,2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.,3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.,HaveALk,Unfortunately,thedoctorsdontknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.,4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.,5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.,6.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.,Martysays,Martysays,7.LastyearIinventedandabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.,8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.,9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.,DoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?,HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?,_istobelieve.Itsimpossibleforhumans_now.,Tosee,toflylikeabird,Toseeistobelieve.ItsimportanttolearnEnglishwell.,1.主语,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.,Itsimpossibleforhumanstoflylikeabirdnow.,(2).不定式作表语,protecttheworld.,Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.,is,is,Helikesto_.,(3)不定式作宾语,playbasketball,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,appear,ask,attempt；decide,demand,determine；expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,manage,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish等+todo。,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.,think/consider/findit+adj.+todo,Mymotheraskmeto_twohourseveryday.,(4).不定式作宾补,playthepiano,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,+sbtodosth,Ihavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomeworktodo,soIamlookingforsomeonetohelpme.,(5).不定式作定语,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),请给我一支写字的笔.,Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.,Igotupearlyto_.Icamehereto_.,(6)不定式作状语,inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too.to.,catchthetrain,Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.,(1.)表示目的:toinordertosoasto,6作状语,Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.,Icameheretoseeyou.,(2.)表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,angry,right,wrong,disappointed等。,eg:Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,so+adj./adv.+astodosuch+adj.+n.+astodoadj./adv.+enough+todo,Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.,(3.)结果状语:,注意:不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反的结果。,Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.,Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.,(7).独立结构,tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruth,Hedidntknow_.,(8).与疑问词等连用,whattosay,疑问词who,which,when,how,what等与不定式连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.(宾语)他不知道说什么。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。,疑问词+不定式,注意：,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,A:Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:Idliketo.,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,A:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?B:Idliketobe.,exercise,Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being,B,D,C,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Tosleep6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,B,D,C,7.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,B,A,9.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforus_theworkaheadoftime.tobefinishedB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tofinish11.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,D,B,12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.