人教版新目标(201X春)八年级下册U8-现在完成时讲解及练习题(含答案)

.现在完成时讲解（含习题有答案）第一部分：概念与结构现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。 构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他(当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式：主语 + havent / hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他 疑问式：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent / hasnt.(否定)第二部分：动词过去式的构成一、规则变化（过去式和过去分词的变化相同）1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clapped二、不规则变化：1. 以不变应万变。如：let let let; put put put; read read read2. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept slept3. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend lent lent; build built built; send sent sent4. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy bought bought; bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taught第三部分：用法1.现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。本时态标志词： already（“已经”，用于肯定句中，放在have /has之后或句尾）； recently近来 ； yet（“仍然”“还”，用于疑问句或否定句的句尾）； before（“以前”，放在句尾）； in the past/last+段时间 （ 在过去的几年中 ）；never（“从没有”，在have /has之后） just（“刚刚”，放在have /has之后）； ever（“曾经”，放在have /has之后）；例句： 1.Our teacher has just left. 2.We have studied english already. 3.I have not finished the homework yet. 4.He has never been to Beijing before.现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning month year.，today等)连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2.现在完成时的未完成用法 现在完成时的未完成用法是指某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: +一段时间 for a year ；for two weeks ；for three yearssince +过去的某一时刻, since nine ；since last weeksince +一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came ； since you got home.或与表示现在时刻的时间状语相连(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：此用法中不能用非延续性动词，因为非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词buy have；catch(get) a cold have a cold；borrowkeep；becomebe；put on- wear2.转换成be+名词join the army be a soldier；join the party be a party member；go to school be a student3转换成be+形容词或副词diebe dead；finish be over；beginbe on；leavebe away (from)； fall asleep be asleep ；close /open be close/open ；get married -be married ；come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地be in(at) +某地 4. 转换成 be+介词短语 go to school be in school ； get up-be up；第四部分：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。如：He studied English for five years . 他曾学过五年英语（他学过五年英语，现在不学了）He has studied English for five years . 他已经学英语五年了。（说明他还继续学下去）2. 两种时态各自都有明显的时间状语。遇到yesterday，last year，just now等就用一班过去时；当有so far，last few days 等就用现在完成时态。Since后接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时，when不能用于现在完成时态中。第五部分：“have /has been to + 地点” 与 “have/has gone to +地点”的区别“have/has been to + 地点”是表示曾去过某地，但此刻不在那儿（即在说话的地方）而“have/has gone to +地点”表示去了某地了，此刻在路上或已经到达那个地方了（即不在说话的地方）询问某人是否去过某地一般用：“Have you ever been to + 地点？” 试比较：Linda has been to Chengdu . 琳达去过成都 Linda has gone to Chengdu . 琳达去了成都英语现在完成时复习专题一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Lily since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、How long have you here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. Arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become25.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught28.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became29. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been34.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take36.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been37.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on38.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up39. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、 句型转换。1、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minute