英语句子的重音和升降调详解 吴建伟

1,句子重音，升降调SentenceStressandintonation句子重音的一般规则实词重读虚词不重读名词一般都重读Thereisabookonthedesk.Mysisterputupapictureonthewall.Johnwantstoseetheteacherafterclass.Anelephantisananimal.,2,一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词,如thing,person,place,或指一大类人或事物的名词，如man,woman,fellow,time,ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读Thatsanicething.(比较：Thatsanicepicture.)Hesaneasypersontogetalongwith.Hestherightmanforthejob.Itsalreadylunchtime.(比较;Itstimeforlunch.),3,代词常重读的代词有1指示代词ThisisnotwhatImean.ThatisnttheoneIaskedfor.Doyoulike()theseflowers?但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音Howdoyoulikethoselittleones?Whowrotethisinterestingstory?,4,2.名词性物主代词Yoursismuchnicerthanmine.Theredoneishis.但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读Imwritingtoafriendofmine.3.强调代词Isawitmyself.Themanhimselftoldmeso.4疑问代词Whoareyoutalkingto?WhatcanIdoforyou?Whocametoseeyouthismorning?,5,不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词Hehasntseenmybrotheryet.Hehurthimselfwhenhewasplayingfootball.Theyoftenhelpeachother.Thegirlwhospoketoyoujustnowismysister.,6,形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读数词一般都应重读Thestreetsarewide,cleanandbeautiful.Thisnarrowvalleywasthesceneofafamousbattle.Hisfirstdaughterisfifteen.Itsadullanddisappointingfilm.Thatsexcitingnews.Theworriedmanenteredthecrowdedstreet.HeboughttencupsandIboughtonlyfour.,7,冠词一般都不重读Helivesinahousenotfarfromtheschool.Itsanhoursdrivefromtheoldstation.Themanoverthereismybrother.Anelephantisananimal.,8,动词主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notionalverb）都要重读(be、have除外)Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Dontforgetyourhomework.Isupposeyouknowhim.非限定动词一般也都要重读不定式Wedecidedtostartthenextday.分词Wesatatthedeskwritingaletter.动名词Itsnouseaskinghimaboutthat.,9,助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读Idontwanttogotheretoday.HewasntsurprisedwhenItoldhimthenews.Wecantstayanylonger.Dontyouthinkyoushouldntsaysuchthings?Wemustdoitnow,mustntwe?cannot不缩写成cant时，重音也在can上Icannotagreewithhim.,10,Do用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的Idohopethiswillbeeffective.Hedoesneedyourhelp.Wedidwarnyoubefore.DodropinwhenyouareinXuzhou.,11,不重读的动词助动词Hedidnotworkhardfortheexam.Wewereimpressedbytheirachievements.Muchhasbeensaidaboutit.Theywillbesurprisedatthat.情态动词Heshouldbecriticizedfordoingthat.MarycoulddoitbetterthanHerbert.Imustgonow.Whocananswerthisquestion?,12,动词be(是),have(有)一般不重读Ihavesomanythingstodotoday.FewpeoplehadTVsetsinthosedays.Thekeywasinthebox.以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读;用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读()Haveyouanybrothersandsisters?Yes,Ihave.()Areyouastudent?Yes,Iam.()Canyoucomethisafternoon?Yes,Ican.Hesaidmorethanheshouldatthemeeting.Idontwanttogothere,butImust.,13,副词一般都重读Theycamebackearlyyesterday.Wheredidyoubuyit?Whydoyoucome?Youmeetpeopleeverywhere.Iveneverheardofsuchathingbefore.Perhapsshellarrivetonight.Tellhimtocomein.Acardashedpast.Thankyouforcomingtoseemeoff.,14,但关系副词不重读Hevisitedthesmallvillagewherehewasborn.Theycamerightatthetimewhenweneededtheirhelp.Thisisthereasonwhytheyfailed.介词单音节介词一般都不重读Allbutoneofthefamilyareathome.HowfarisitfromParistoLondon?Whatareyoulookingat?ThatswhatIwasthinkingof.,15,多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读Illdoit()afterlunch.Hefinishedthearticle()duringtheholidays.Themanwalkeda()longthestreet.Hesearcheda()mongthepapers.Iforgotalla()boutit.Ihavenothingtosaycon()cerningthisproblem.Putitoppositethedoor.,16,在不重读的连系动词be或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读Theyrebythewindow.Hewasinthesitting-room.Isitnearthepostoffice?Theteacherwaswithusatthepicnic.Itwasduringtheinterval.Hewasbesidehimselfwithrage.Theyarebehindthedoor.,17,介词在句首时常可重读Onhiswayhomehemetanoldfriend.Intheroomtheyfoundalittleboy.Underthetreestandsatallman.,18,连接词单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词bothandneithernor等）和从属连词都不重读Hecameandspoketous.Isawitbutdidntreadit.Letsrunorwellbelate.Thattakesbothtimeandenergy.NeitheryounorIcansolvetheproblem.Isuggestthatwegiveuptheplan.HewasangrywithmebecauseIwaslate.TheprofessorwasbusywritingwhenIwenttoseehim.,19,Wetookthetaxitothestationso(that)wecouldbeintimeforthetrain.ShedidntarrangethechairsasItoldher.Putitwhereitcaneasilybeseen.Hewantstoseeyoubeforeyouleave.Sheinsistedongoing,thoughItoldhernotto.Theyweredisappointedwhereasweweredelighted.Youcantunderstandituntilyoureadittotheend.,20,连接词词组其中重要的词要重读还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读IfonlyIknewhowtodoit.Hellhelpusonconditionthatwetrusthim.Wellstarttomorrowevenifitrains.Theyhavenevermeteversince1980.Themeetingwillbeginassoonastheguestscome.Youllsucceedsolongasyouworkhard.Itssuchapitythatyoucantcome.,21,HespokesofastthatIcouldhardlyfollowhim.Willyoutryagainsupposingyoufail?Imustgotherealthoughitisraining.Theschoolbuswillleavedirectlythebellrings.Youcanneversucceedunlessyouworkhard.,22,从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读（that除外）WhenhecomesIllintroducehimtoyou.AfterIvefinisheditIllshowittoyou.AsIwaswaitingforthebus,itsuddenlybegantorain.但Thatwecandoitwithouthimisabsurd.,23,连接代词who(whom,whose)what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why可以重读，也可以不重读Iwonderwhothatwas.Askhimwhichisbetter.Idontknowhowtheyare.Idontknowhowthingsareintheirschool.Imnotsurewhenhescoming.Icantunderstandwhyherefusestogo.DoyouseewhatImean?Hedoesntknowwhatheshoulddonext.,24,感叹词感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读Ah!Oh!Ugh!uhEh?Fancy!Goodness!Nonsense!Hello!Indeed!Howawful!但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高Ahno!Ohwell!Ohdear!,25,不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提到时一般不应重读-Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenthere?-Threetimes.Theboyshoutedtotheotherboys.-Theywantstrongmen.-Verywell.Iamstrong.StudyasLeninstudied.AnewcommitteehasbeensetupandDrLiisonthecommittee.,26,名词street在街名中不重读OxfordStreetDowningStreetEighthStreetWallStreet但road,avenue,lane,way,hill,town,park,palace等词在街名地名中都要重读YorkRoadWestLakeHydeParkBuckinghamPalaceHamptonCourt,27,一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词不重读，只重读前面的修饰语railwayjourney坐火车旅行（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行）pleasuretrip旅游（区别于因事旅行）highschool中学safetyrazor安全剃刀life-savingapparatus救生装置doorhandletennisballcampinggroundgolfclubviolinstringexaminationpaper,28,指示代词this,that,these,those有时没有很强的指示意味，其意义很接近于冠词the，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提到时，这些指示代词不重读Hemanagedthismatterwonderfully.Itisnecessarytotakethesemeasures.Hecouldntbearthegazeofthoseeyes.在thismorning,thisafternoon,thisevening等词组中，this不重读,29,such后面跟有强调的词时不重读suchacuriousshapesuchquantitiesofwood如果后面的词不可能重时，则重读suchSuchathingshouldneverhavehappened.副词so在thinkso,doso等词组里不重读Ithinkso.Ididntsayso.Ibelieveso.Whotoldyoutodoso?,30,副词so,now,then用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重读Sohewentintothegarden.Nowlistentomecarefully.Thendontforgettowritetomeafteryouarrivethere.,31,某些插入语不须重读Imafraidhesnotcoming.Hesnotcoming,Imafraid.Pleasesitdown.Sitdown,please.Hesaid,“Imsorry.”“Imsorry,”hesaid.One作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读Thatsagoodone.Howarethelittleones?Youvegotthewrongone,Iwantthegreenone.,32,节奏OOOOtimesup.makehastenextweekwhatsthisworkhardwelldoneallrightquitegoodYes,please.holdonthatstruetoobadgoodnewsthismonthnotyetcomein,33,OoOOoOnevermindwaitandseeleaveatoncewordbywordletmeseethanksalotoutofdatequitealottryitoutgoodideacomealongfarandwidetimeandtidelittlegirlwhataday,34,OoOoOoOowaitamomentgivemethisoneletsgetstartedspringiscomingMerryCeandhelpmegladtoseeyouveryfunnyletmehelpyouwhocanhelpmequitealotofratherboringgoandgetitwhentodoitjustimaginetimeisprecious,35,oOoOoOoOthelatestnewsawasteoftimeheslateforclassshesgoneawayalotofnoiseIdliketocomeitdoesntworkwedbettergoasignofsmokehealwayssingsitstimeforlunchIllseeyouoffitshardtosayadayofworkIvenoideaImsureyouwill,36,OooOlotstobedonelendmeahandgetinthecropsnothingatallbringhimalongsenditbymailnotintheleastclearitawayonceinawhile,OoooOcarryitawayfollowmyadviceseeyouinaweektrytobeintimecomeandhavealookleaveitonthedeskcutitwithaknifeeverythingisclearbringalongyourfriend,37,oOoOoImgladtoseeyou.Yourealwayswelcome.Ihopeyoulikeit.Idliketohearit.Ibegyourpardon.Youdbetterhurry.Imverysorry.Itdoesntmatter.Hesratherfunny.,38,oOooOooIllborrowanotherone.YoullgetitonSaturday.Perhapsyouveheardofit.Theyveallgoneonholiday.Itsveryunfortunate.Letsopentheotherone.,39,语调在英语说话和朗读时不但要注意句子的重读、音的长度、音的变化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短语的语调在英语中通过语调的高低、句子重读、音的长度，使语言表达丰富多彩，声情并茂。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上可以将英语语调归纳为四种：降调升调平调降升调,40,用降调的句型1.陈述句Thankyou.Notatall.Yourequiteright.ImafraidImustbeoff.,41,2.特殊疑问句WhattimecanIseeyou?Whatsthematterwithyou?,42,3.祈使句Comein.Closethedoor.Fetchmemygloves.Pleasedropinanytimeyoulike.Hurryuporwellmissthetrain.,43,4.感叹句Whatahotday!Isntitlovely!,44,用升调的句型1.一般疑问句Haveyoubeenstayingherelong?Are