《催证审证和改证》PPT课件

,第十章催证、审证和改证,英文版,主目录,一、催证在信用证方式下，买方按约定的时间开证是卖方履行合同的前提条件。在正常情况下，买方信用证最少应在货物装运期前15天（有时规定30天）开到卖方手中。但在实际业务中，买方往往拖延开证,英文版,上一页,因此，卖方在以下几种情况下，应及时催促买方开证：1、合同规定装运期限较长（如三个月），同时规定买方应在我方装运期前一定期限（如15天）内开证，那么我们应在通知对方预计装运期时，同时催促对方按约定时间开证。,英文版,上一页,2、如果根据我方备货和船舶情况，有可能提前装运时，也可与对方商量，要求其提前开证。3、买方未在销售合同规定期限内开立信用证，卖方可催促买方开证。经催促后买方仍不开证的，卖方有权向对方要求损害赔偿。,英文版,上一页,4、开证期限未到，但发现客户资信不佳，或市场情况有变，也可催促对方开证。催促开证的信函内容如“SalesContractNo.123Goodsareready.PleaserushtoopentherelevantL/C”。,英文版,上一页,二、审证收到信用证后，卖方按跟单信用证统一惯例进行审核。其基本原理是信用证的内容与合同规定相一致。,英文版,上一页,银行审核的内容：（1）政治性、政策性审核；（2）资信情况审核；（3）信用证真伪的审核；（4）保付文句和限制性条款审核；,英文版,上一页,外贸公司审核的内容：（1）审核信用证的种类；（2）审核开证申请人和受益人；（3）审核信用证的金额及采用的货币；（4）审核有关货物的记载；（5）审核到期日和到期地点；,英文版,上一页,（6）审核装运期和有效期；（7）审核转船和分批装运条款；（8）审核付款方式；（9）审核要求提交的单据；（10）审核信用证上印就的条款和特殊条款；（信用证常见不符点见附本）,英文版,上一页,三、改证信用证修改有两个原因：一是受益人的原因。凡不符合我国对外贸易方针政策，影响合同履行和安全收汇的情况，我们必须要求国外客户进行修改；二是开证申请人的原因，因为情况的变化迫使开证申请人认为有必要修改信用证条款。,英文版,上一页,1、信用证修改的程序（1）开证申请人向信用证的开证行申请修改信用证。（见式样9-1）。（2）开证行审核同意后，向信用证原通知行发出信用证修改书（见式样9-2），修改一经发出就不能撤销。,英文版,上一页,（3）通知行收到后，验核修改书的表面真实性并将其转达给受益人。（4）修改书的通知程序和信用证的通知程序大致相同，修改通知书（见式样9-3）应作如下指示：“请书面回复我行可否接受本次修改以便答复开证行。”信用证项,英文版,上一页,下修改，受益人如不接受应尽快通知并将修改书正本退回通知行，以便将受益人意见转告开证行。（5）受益人同意接受后，则信用证项下修改正式生效。如受益人拒绝接受修改，将修改通知书退回通知行，并附表示拒绝接受,英文版,上一页,修改的文件，则此项修改不能成立，视为无效。受益人对修改拒绝或接受的表态，可推迟至交单时。,英文版,上一页,Chapter10Urging、examiningandamendinganL/C,Chinese,List,UrgingthecustomerintoestablishinganL/C:Whenacontractisconcluded,thebuyerisusuallyundertheobligationtoestablishanL/Cwithhisbankwithinthetimelimitstipulatedinthesalescontract.Especiallyforbulksaleorthecommoditiesproducedaccordingtobuyersrequest,itisveryimportantforthebuyertoopentheL/Cintime;otherwise,thesellercantarrangetheproductionandcommodities.Normally,thebuyersL/Cshouldreachtheseller15days(or30days)beforeshipment.Butinpractice,foreigncustomersalwaysdelayopeningtheL/Cwhenthemarketconditionchangesortheshortageoffundarises.Soweshouldalwayskeepaneyeonit.,Chinese,Back,Topromotethebusiness,weshouldurgetheothersidetoopentheL/Cunderthefollowingconditions:1、thecontractstipulatesarelativelylongshipment(asfor3months),andthebuyershouldopentheL/Cseveraldaysbeforetheshipment(asfor15days).ThenweshouldinformbuyertheestimatedshipmentandurgehimintoopeningtherelativeL/Contime.,Chinese,Back,2、ifwecanadvancetheshipment,wemaynegotiatewiththebuyerandrequestadvancingopeningtheL/C.3、ifthebuyerfailstoopentherelativeL/Contime,thesellerownstherighttoclaimcompensationfordamages.,Chinese,Back,4、althoughitisnotthedeadline,butifwefindthatthecustomerscreditisnotfineorthemarketconditionischanging,wealsomayurgethebuyerintoopeningtheL/C.“SalesContractNo.123Goodsareready.PleaserushtoopentherelevantL/C”。,Chinese,Back,ExaminingtheL/C：AfterreceivingthebuyersL/C,thesellershouldexamineandverifyitincontrastwiththecontractaccordingtotheUCP.ThebasicprincipleofL/CexaminingisthatthecontentofL/Cmustbeconsistentwiththecontract.ButinpracticemanyforeignL/Carenottotallyinaccordancewithcontracts.Reasonsarevarious.Forexample,somecountriesandareasalwayshavespecialregulationsinpractice,someforeigncustomersarenotfamiliarwithourpolicies,someforeigncustomersoropeningbanksmakemistakes,orsomeforeigncustomersdeliberatelyaddsomeunreasonableclausesintheL/C,andsoon.SowemustseriouslyexamineandverifythoseforeignL/C.,Chinese,Back,Maincontentofbanksverification：（1）VerifytheL/Conpoliticsandpolicy；（2）VerifytheL/Conliability；（3）VerifytheL/Conauthenticity；（4）VerifytheL/Conthewordsthatguaranteepaymentandrestrictedclause；,Chinese,Back,Maincontentofcompanysverification：（1）VerifytheL/ConthevarietyofL/C；（2）VerifytheL/Contheapplicantandbeneficiary；（3）VerifytheL/Contheamountandcurrency；（4）VerifytheL/Contherecordofcommodity；（5）verifytheL/Conthedateandplaceofexpiration；,Chinese,Back,（6）VerifytheL/Conthetimeofshipmentandvalidity；（7）VerifytheL/Contheclauseoftransshipmentandpartialshipment；（8）VerifytheL/Conthetermsofpayment；（9）VerifytheL/Contherequireddocuments；（10）VerifytheL/Contheprintedclausesandspecialclauses；（TheusualdifferenceseeEnclosure）,Chinese,Back,AmendingtheL/C：TworeasonsresultintheamendmentofanL/C.Oneisforthebeneficiary.Generallyforthosethatarenotinaccordancewithourforeigntradepolicies,orinfluencetheperformanceofcontractandthesecurityofpayment,wemustaskcustomerstoamendtheL/Cthroughopeningbank.Theotherreasonisfortheapplicant.TheapplicantmaybeforcedtochangesomeclausesofL/Cbecauseofthechangingsituation.,Chinese,Back,1、ProceduresofmodificationThemodificationoughttobeappliedbytheapplicant,andtakeseffectaftertheagreementoftheopeningbankandthebeneficiary.（1）theapplicantsubmittheapplicationofamendmenttotheopeningbank,。（seeform9-1)（2）theopeningbanksendsmodificationtotheoriginalnotifyingbankafterexaminingtheapplication,andthismodificationisirrevocable.（seeform9-2）,Chinese,Back,（3）Afterreceivingthemodification,thenotifyingbankexaminesitssurfaceauthenticityandtransmitittothebeneficiary.（4）ThenotifyingprocedureofmodificationissimilartothatoftheL/C.Thenotificationshouldindicate:“pleasewritebacktoourbankwhetherthemodificationisaccepted”.Ifthebeneficiarydoesntacceptthemodification,heoughttoreturnittothenotifyingbankassoonaspossible,sothatthenotifyingbankcanpassontheinformationtotheopeningbank.（seeform9-3）,Chinese,Back,（5）Themodificati