致用英语综合教程 Unit 5VIP

.,Relationships,Unit5,.,Relationships,Warming-up,Reading,LanguageinUse,Project,CultureTips,Homework,.,Warming-up,Listentothesong.Filltheblanksinthelyricswhilelistening.,.,Warming-up,ForeverFriend,care,misery,afraid,Amazing,only,.,2.Inyouopinion,whatisafriend?Whatdoesfriendshipmeantoyou?Whatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantfactorsthatcankeepalong-lastingcloserelationshipwithyourfriends?Whataboutwithyourfamilymembersandrelatives?Howcanwemakeourcloserelationshipslastlong?,Warming-up,BACK,.,Reading,Pre-readingTasks,ReadingComprehension,After-readingTasks,.,Pre-reading,Doyouthinkpeoplesperceptionandthinkingaregreatlyinfluencedbyothers?Ifso,bywhomarepeoplemostprobablyinfluenced?Discussthesequestionsingroups.,BACK,.,Comprehension,BondedbyLoopsandFlares,1Douglaswasahappilymarriedman.Afterdinnerparties,hiswifeCarolandhewouldwashthedishestogetherandrelivethehighlightsoftheconversationtheydjustenjoyed.Unfortunately,whenCarolwas42andtheirchildrenwere5and2,Caroldiedofabraintumor.2Afewmonthslater,DouglaswaslookingatapictureofCarol.Hedescribeswhathefeltinhisrecentbook,IAmaStrangeLoop.,.,Comprehension,3“IlookedatherfaceandlookedsodeeplythatIfeltIwasbehindhereyesandallatonceIfoundmyselfsayingintears,Thatsme.Thatsme!4“AndthosesimplewordsbroughtbackmanythoughtsthatIhadhadbeforewhenIwastogetherwithher.IrememberedthesamehopesanddreamsmywifeandIhadsharedforourchildren.Thesehopeswerenotseparateordistincthopesbutwerejustonehope,whichIdidnothavebeforebeingmarriedandhavingchildren.IrealisedthatthoughCarolhaddied,thatcorepieceofherhadnotdiedatall,butthatithadlivedonverydeterminedlyinmybrain.”,.,Comprehension,5TheGreekssaywesufferourwaytowisdom,andDouglasssufferingdeepenedhisunderstandingofwhoweare,whichhehaddevelopedasaprofessorofcognitivescienceatIndianaUniversity.6Douglasalreadyunderstoodthatthemindisverycomplex.Therearedozensofthoughts,processesandemotionscompetingforattentionatanyonetime.Carolsdeathbroughthomethatwhenpeoplecommunicate,theysendoutlittleflaresintoeachothersbrains.Friendsandloverscreatefeedbackloopsofideasandhabitsandwaysofseeingtheworld.EventhoughCarolwasdead,herhabitsandperceptionswerestillactiveinthemindsofthosewhoknewher.,.,Comprehension,7DouglascouldfeelthatCarolsselfwasstillpresent,eventhoughitwoulddisappeargraduallywithtime.Hebelievesaselfisapointofview,awayofseeingtheworld.Itcomesfromthemixtureofalltheflares,loopsandperceptionsthathavebeensharedanddevelopedwithothers.DouglassandCarolsselvesoverlapped,andthatdidnotstopwithherdeath.8Mostpoliticalandsocialdisagreementscomefromdifferenttheoriesabout“theself”.The“self”isformedfromthehabits,perceptions,pointsofviewandwayofseeingtheworldthatdevelopinapersonfrombeingsharedandgivenfeedbackbyothers.Douglasbelievesthatwhentwopeoplesharetheirlives,theyalsosharehopesanddreamsthatoftenbecomefusedintoone.,.,Comprehension,9Thisshowsthattheindividualistswhothinkthatsuccessissomethingtheyachievethroughtheirowngeniusandwill-powermaybemistaken.10Italsoshowsthatthepeoplewhobelievetheycanfindtheirtrue,real“self”onlyintheirinnerbeingmayalsobewrong.11Douglaspointstowardsamodernwayofunderstandinghowpeoplefitintosociety.Inthemoderninformationage,itseemsthatpeoplemaybebondedbycommunication.Thehugewebofinformationingenes,brainsandevenconversationformsawholethatwecallsociety.,.,Comprehension,BACK,12Intheinformationage,itseemsrightthatwedseepeoplebondedbycommunication.Itsnotexactlynewtosaythatnomanisanisland.ButDouglasisoneofhundredsofscientistsandscholarsshowinghowconnectionbetweenpeopleactuallyworks.Whathehasdescribedislikeavastwebofinformationsomecontainedingenes,someinbrainstructure,someintheflowofdinnerconversationthatjoinsustoourancestorsandremindsthelivingofthepresenceofthedead.,.,Comprehension,1.loopn.ashapelikeacurveorcirclemadebyalinecurvingbacktowardsitself环形，圈状e.g.Theplaneflewroundandroundinwideloops.,Wordsanideaorbelief知觉，感知，洞察力，看法e.g.Hisanalysisoftheproblemshowedgreatperception.,BACK,.,Comprehension,7.overlapv.iftwothingsoverlap,partofonethingcoverspartoftheother部分重叠，交叠e.g.Thetilesontheroofoverlaponeanother.,BACK,.,Comprehension,8.bondv.to(causeto)sticktogether,e.g.withglue紧紧连接e.g.Youneedastrongadhesivetobondwoodtometal.,BACK,.,Comprehension,以光与环的形式紧密相连1道格拉斯曾经是个幸福的已婚男人。聚会晚餐之后，妻子卡罗尔会和他一起洗盘子并且回顾刚才有趣的话题。不幸的是，卡罗尔42岁时因脑瘤去世。当时他们的两个孩子一个5岁，另一个2岁。2几个月之后的一天，道格拉斯在看卡罗尔的照片。在他的新书我是一个陌生的环中他这样描述自己当时的感受：,BACK,.,Comprehension,3“我深深地凝望她的脸，直到感觉自己开始用她的眼睛看世界。突然间我发现自己已是满脸泪水，口中念道：那就是我。那就是我！”4这些话让我记起了很多和她在一起时我的想法，记起了她和我关于孩子的共同希望和梦想。这些希望既不孤立也不遥远，它们只是我娶妻生子之前从未有过的一个希望。我意识到，尽管卡罗尔已经死了，但她最核心的部分并没有离去，而是非常执着地继续存活在我的脑子里。”,BACK,.,Comprehension,5希腊人说智慧苦中求。道格拉斯的痛苦加深了他对我们是谁这个问题的理解。作为印第安纳大学认知科学的教授，他对这一问题自有研究。6道格拉斯意识到人的思维非常复杂，同时会有一二十种思想、过程和情感争相吸引人的注意力。卡罗尔的死让他看清了当人们进行交流的时候，他们向彼此的脑子里发送光。朋友和恋人之间会产生思想的、习惯的和世界观的反馈环。尽管卡罗尔已经去世，她的习惯和认知在认识她的人的思维中依然活跃。,BACK,.,Comprehension,7道格拉斯能够感觉到卡罗尔的自我终会随着时间的流逝慢慢消失，但目前依然存在。他相信，自我是一个观点，是看世界的一种方法。它是光、反馈环和认知混合后的产物，而这些光、反馈环和认知总是与他人共同拥有并共同发展的。道格拉斯的自我和卡罗尔的自我重叠在了一起，没有随卡罗尔的死而停止。8绝大多数的政治和社会争端都源自关于自我的不同理论。习惯、认知、视角和世界观在一个人与他人分享、接受反馈的过程中得到发展，而他的“自我”就是在这种发展的基础上形成的。道格拉斯认为两个人分享生活的同时，也在分享他们的希望和梦想，且这些希望和梦想最终交融为一。,BACK,.,Comprehension,9有些个人主义者认为成功是通过个人天才和意志来实现的，道格拉斯的观点说明了此看法是错误的。10有些人认为他们的真实自我只存在于他们内心深处。道格拉斯的观点也揭露了这一信条的错误。11道格拉斯为理解人们如何适应社会指出了一个现代的方法。在信息时代，人们因为沟通交流而紧密联系。基因、大脑甚至交谈组成的一张巨大信息网络使我们形成一个整体，我们将其称为社会。,BACK,.,Comprehension,12在信息时代，认为人与人通过交流而紧密相连的看法似乎非常正确了。没有人是一座孤岛的说法也并非是全新的。几百位科学家和学者已经揭示了人与人之间的联系具体是如何运行的，道格拉斯就是其中之一。他所描述的是一张广大的信息网一些存在于基因里，一些存在于脑结构中，一些存在于晚宴的谈话间。正是这些信息把我们与我们的先辈联系在一起，并且提醒着我们那些逝者依然存在。,BACK,.,After-reading,Discussion:WhatisthementalprocesslikewhenpeoplecommunicateaccordingtoDouglas?WhataretheimplicationsofDouglassfindings?Howdoyouunderstandthetitle?,BACK,.,LanguageinUse,GrammarDevelopment,VocabularyBuilding,.,Grammar,TheUseof“What”and“Which”,WhatWhat常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。What在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”、“所的”、“的样子”等。二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常作主语、宾语或表语。,.,Grammar,一、引导主语从句1)Whatweneedismoretime.(what作need的宾语)我们所需要的是更多的时间。2)Whatreallymattersisthatsheworeapairofwhiteshoes.(What作matters的主语)真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋。二、引导宾语从句1)Peoplewereperhapsmorehonestalongtimeagowhenlifewasverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.(what作从句中is的表语)很久以前当生活与现在的生活完全不同时，人们或许更诚实。2)PeoplehaveheardwhatthePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtoseewhathewilldo.(what分别作动词heard和see的宾语)人们已经听到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么。,.,Grammar,三、引导表语从句1)Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjustwhatworriesthepublic.(what作从句中的主语)是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民众担心的事儿。2)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.(what作从句中的宾语)那就是我想告诉你的事儿。3)Thelittlegirlisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.(what作从句中的表语)这个小女孩不再是过去的样子了。四、引导同位语从句1)Theyhavenoideaatallwhatheisworkingon.(what作从句的宾语)他们一点儿都不知道他正在做什么。2)YouhavenoideawhatIsuffered.(what作从句的宾语)你不知道我所遭受的痛苦。,.,Grammar,Whichwhich常用来引导定语从句。一、关系代词which用来指物，在定语从句中常可与that互换。例如:Abookstoreisastorewhich/thatsellsbooks.书店即卖书的商店。二、当which充当关系代词代表前面整个主句意思的时候，在非限制定语从句中可以与as交换使用（但as引导的这类从句可以置于主句之前或之后，which引导的从句只能置于主句之后）。例Hesawhereveryday,which/aswasnatural.他天天看见她，那是很自然的。,.,Grammar,三、有时候，which以介词短语的形式引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语。例如:Itrainedallnightandallday,duringwhichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces。雨下了一天一夜，就在此期间，船撞碎了。In1960hecametoLondon,inwhichcityhehaslivedeversince.1960年他来到伦敦，自此在该城一直住到现在。Callagainateleven,bywhichtimethemeetingshouldbeover.十一点再打电话，到那时会议该结束了。,BACK,.,Vocabulary,VocabularyBuilding,Wehavelearnedaboutcompoundwordsinunit2.Inthereadingtext,wehavesome“noun+noun”patternwordssuchas“dinnerparty”,“braintumor”,“feedbackloop”and“informationage”.These“noun+noun”patternwordsareverycommoninEnglish.Canyouthinkofsome“noun+noun”patternwords?Workingroups.Brainstormasmanywordsaspossible.,.,2.MatchawordinColumnAwithawordinColumnBtoforma“noun+noun”patternword.,daysuncattlehouseshoeheadnightpocketarmmaidgold,clubacheservantriseknifesmithshedbreakmakerkeeperchair,BACK,Vocabulary,.,Project,Maintainingagoodrelationshipwithyourneighboursisveryimportant.Sometimeswehaveniceandhelpfulneighbours,butwealsohavestrangeneighbours.Thinkaboutthebest,theworst,orthestrangestneighboursyouhaveeverhad.Tellyourclassmatesastoryaboutyourneighboursbyplayingitout!Youmaycarryoutthisactivitybyfollowingthestepsbelow.,Neighbours,.,Project,Step1Ingroupsoffour,thinkaboutwhatkindofneighboursarethebest,theworstandthestrangest.Choosesomewordswhichcoulddescribethatneighbour.Youmayusetheadjectivesintheboxforhelp.,ordinarycalmjollyquietreservedfriendlyshypolitehelpfulkindwarmheartedhospitablegentlesociablegenerousco-ope