综合英语教程第五册 课后答案 Unit-09 Kids and Computers

.,Unit9KidsandComputers:DigitalDanger,新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材（修订版）综合教程第五册(第2版)电子教案,上海外语教育出版社南京信息工程大学刘杰海,Contentspage,Contents,LearningObjectivesPre-readingActivitiesGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancement,LearningObjectives,LearningObjectives,Rhetoricalskill:contrastKeylanguageMortalKombatisaseriesofNintendosfightinggames.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:culturenote-3,UncleWiggly(Paragraph2)aseriesofpopularchildrensstoriesthemedaroundakindly,elderly,rabbitgentleman,UncleWigglyLongears,whichwerefirstwrittenin1910byHowardR.Garriswhowroteanewadventureeverydayfor50years,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:culturenote-4,Play-Doh(Paragraph3)atrademarkforasoftcoloredmodelingmaterialusedespeciallybychildren,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:culturenote-5,Monopoly(Paragraph7)atrademarkforareal-estatetradingboardgame,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:author,AlisonSperrygraduatedwithabachelorsdegreeinhistoryandmuseumstudiesin2004fromtheStateUniversityofNewYork,CollegeatPotsdam.Upongraduation,heobtainedamanagerspositionattheBellagioGalleryofFineArtinLasVegas,NV.AfterrelocatingtoHawaiiheiscurrentlyenrolledintheLibraryandInformationScienceGraduateProgramattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Healsoworksasafreelancewriterforonlinepublications.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:structuralanalysis,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,Part1,(1-2)thebeginningpart,presentthefirstcontrast:thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesonkids,whilethesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofpassivegamesonchildren.,Part2,(3-8)concretelyillustratethepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesonkidsandthenegativeimpactofpassiveelectronicgamesoractivities.,Part3,(9-10)concludingpartoftheessay,indirectlyemphasizestheawfulimpactonchildrenexertedbysuchdepressinglyfamiliargamesasaredescribedintheeighthparagraph.,DR-p1text,KIDSANDCOMPUTERS:DIGITALDANGERAlisonSperry1.Theresafamiliarsaying,Playischildrenswork.Throughplay,peoplewhostudychilddevelopmenttellus,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Playinghouseorschool,forexample,helpsthemtryontherolesofMomorDadorteacher.Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.,DetailedReading,DR-p2atext,2.Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormousimpactongrowingchildren.Formanykids,computeractivitiesandvideogamesnowtakeupmuchevenmostofthetimeformerlydevotedtomoretraditionalformsofplay.EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.Howhavetheybeenaffectedbythischangeintheconceptofplay?Socialscientists,parents,andtalkshowpunditswillbedebatingthequestionforyearstocome.Butwecanstartdrawingourownconclusions.,DetailedReading,DR-p2btext,Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,childrenandsocietytheyliveinaretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,wiredentertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.,DetailedReading,DR-p3atext,3.WatchachildtakeaballofPlay-Dohinherhandandbegintorollitexperimentally.Firstitsasimpleball,thenasnake.Thesnakemightbecomeafigureeightorabracelet.Shecoilsthebraceletontopofitselftocreateapotthatsheusesforamake-believeteaparty.Nextshesmashesthepotbackintoaball,whichmaynextmorphintoasnowman,ahorseshead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.Withnothingbutherhandsandaninexpensivechunkofflourandsalt,sheformsauniverseinwhichshemakestherulesandcreatestheinhabitants.Whenshetiresofit,shecanwaditbackintoashapelessmassthatawaitshernextcreativeimpulse.,DetailedReading,DR-p3btext,TheactofplayingwiththePlay-Dohsparksotherinterestsmaybeshellworkwithmodelingclaythatshecanbakeintoapermanentform,orpaints,orpapier-mchAlthoughshedoesntgivewhatshesdoingagreatdealofthought,sheslearningsomethingvaluable:Iamacreator.Icangivemyideastangibleform.,DetailedReading,DR-p4atext,4.Avideogame,ontheotherhand,iscynicallyprogrammedtogivetheillusionofcreativity.TheplayerisgivenvariouschoicesateveryturnWhichdoorwillIgothrough?WhichweaponwillIuse?WhatclueshallIread?Buttheyarechoicesinthesamesensethatapigeonspeckingatalevertogetagrainofcornisachoice.Theplayerisasmuchatoolofthegameasthejoystick.Hermomentaryfunisunsatisfyingbecauseitleadsnottoanygenuinesenseofachievementbutonlytothehypnoticexperienceofwatchingsomeoneelsescreationunfold.,DetailedReading,DR-p4btext,HandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildrearedonthesterileadventureofvideogames,andyoureapttogetablanklookandthehesitantquestion,WhatdoIdowithit?Thevideogameplayerlearnsherownlesson:Idontcreate.Iletsomeoneelsescreativityhappeninfrontofme.,DetailedReading,DR-p5atext,5.ItsabeautifulSaturdayinautumn,andagroupofkidsareplayingapickupgameofsoccer.Adisputearisesaboutwhetherakickwentoverthefoulline.Someofthekidsaresureitdid;othersinsistthatitdidnot.Voicesareraised;tempersflare.Maybeahotheadortwowillstalkoffthefield.Buttheskyiscrystalblue,andtherearechoreswaitingathome.Makingaquickcalculationabouttherelativebenefitsofcontinuingthegame,theplayersworkoutasolution.Maybetheyreplaythekick.Maybetheyflipacoin.,DetailedReading,DR-p5btext,Maybetheyagreetosaythattheballwasfair,orfoul.Theirwillingnesstocompromise,toaccepttheideathatsuchgive-and-takeispartoflife,allowsthegametoproceed.Theplayersmoveon,havinglearnedasmalllessonaboutgettingalongwithothers.,DetailedReading,DR-p6atext,6.ContrastthatscenewiththeworldoftheInternetchatrooms,wheremanyadolescentsspenduncountablehours.OnthatsamelovelySaturday,ayoungInternetqueenhunchesoverherkeyboard,aloneinherroom.Herbuddylistincludesdozens,evenscores,offriendsshesnevermet.Herfingersflyacrossthekeyboardassheracesfromonedialogueboxtoanother,keepingupmultipleconversations.Thesearepeculiarconversations,however,includingnoneofthevulnerabilitythatispartofreal-worldfriendship.Inthebuddy-chatworld,statusisbasedontheabilitytokeepuparapidpaceofone-liners,insultingzingers,causticput-downs.,DetailedReading,DR-p6btext,Thechatqueensmostintimatefriendshipstaketheformofbriefallianceswithbuddieswhojoinwithhertoflameanotherchatterwhohasdispleasedthem.Ifthatallyeventuallybecomesannoying,too,zap!Shecaninstantaneouslyerasehimfromherbuddylist,orevenblockhimsoheisunabletocontactheragain.Itsnogreatloss.Thereareliterallymillionsofnewacquaintanceswaitingtobepickedupinachatroomtofillthatvoid.Thelesson:Ishouldnthavetoworkatrelationships.Theycomeandgoinstantlyandatmyconvenience.Ifsomeonedispleasesme,Icanmakethatpersondisappear.,DetailedReading,DR-p7text,7.WhenkidssitdowntoplayMonopoly,theyformalooselyknitgroupthatisstillpartoftheworldaroundit.Whencompanyarrivesatthehouse,itsnoproblemtohaltthegamebriefly.Theplayerscangreetvisitors,laughtogether,talkaboutthegame,evenquicklyrearrangeittoincludenewplayers.Evenafterthegamecontinues,chattingwithotherplayersandnon-playersiseasilyaccomplished.Despitetheirinvolvementinthegame,theplayersarenotruledbyit.Humancontact,courtesy,andcommunicationarenotseenasthreatstotheirenjoyment.Theyarelearningthattheycanenjoytheirownactivitiesandstillbesensitivetothelargerworldaroundthem.,DetailedReading,DR-p8atext,8.Contrastthisboardgamescenewithonethathasbecomedepressinglyfamiliarinmanylivingrooms.VisitorsarriveatahometofindachildhunchedinfrontoftheTVset,videocontrolsinhislap.Evenwhenspokentodirectly,hedoesnotpullhiseyesfromthescreen.Implaying!ishisfuriousresponseifthevisitorspersistintryingtoengagehisattention.Fartoooften,evenhisparents,intimidatedbythehigh-priced,high-techgadgetthathassuckedtheirchildshumanityaway,tiptoearoundratherthandisturbhim.,DetailedReading,DR-p8b-9-10text,Thegameitselfisalltoolikelytobeonethatpresentsthemosthideoussufferingasentertainment,withtheplayerintheroleofpsychotickillermaybeinDukeNukem,withitstwenty-threelevelsofnonstopcarnage!orBloodyRoar,whichofferstheplayermorewaystomaim,crush,anddevouryourenemiesthanever.9.Thelesson?10.Isntittooawfultothinkabout?,DetailedReading,DR:p1-2Analysis,Paragraph1-2AnalysisThesetwoparagraphs,makingupthebeginningpartofthetext,introducethetopicoftheessay.Thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthestatementthatthroughplaychildrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Thesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofelectronicentertainmentonchildren.,DetailedReading,DR:p3-8Analysis,Paragraph3-8AnalysisTheseparagraphs,thebodyofthispersuasiveessay,illustratethepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesandactivitiesonkids,andvividlyexemplifythenegativeimpactofpassiveelectronicgamesoractivitiesonchildren.Throughthethreecontrastspresentedinthispart,theauthorsviewpointbecomesunequivocallyclear.,DetailedReading,DR:p9-10Analysis,Paragraph9-10AnalysisThesetwoparagraphs,onlytwoshortquestions,serveastheconclusionofthisexpositoryessay.Shortasthetwoquestionsare,theyimmediatelyplungeusintodeepmeditation.Thewriterdoesnotanswerthefirstquestion.Maybehethinksthatitistooobvioustoanswer.Whatisyouranswertothefirstquestion?Thesecondquestionisarhetoricalquestionthatneednotbeanswered.Whatistheemphaticoremphasizedmeaningexpressedbythesecondquestion?,DetailedReading,DR-Questions-p1,DetailedReading,Paragraph1:QuestionWhatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?,Thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthestatementthatthroughplaychildrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.,DR-Questions-p2,Paragraph2:QuestionWhatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?,DetailedReading,Thesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofelectronicentertainmentonchildren.Inotherwords,justasthewriterconcludes,Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children-andsocietytheylivein-aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,wiredentertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.,DR-Questions-p3-8-1a,DetailedReading,Paragraph3-8:Questions1.Pleaseexplainthefirstcontrastpresentedinthispartindetail.,Thefirstcontrastispresentedinparagraphsthreeandfour.First,thewriterdescribeshowachildplayswithaballofPlay-Dohandhowshechangesitfromoneshapeintoanother;next,thewriterconcludesthatalthoughsheisnotgivingmuchthoughttowhatsheisdoing,sheislearningsomethingvaluable:sherealizesthatsheisacreatorandthatshecangiveherideasatangibleform.Then,thewriterrecountshowachildplaysavideogame,pointingoutthattheplayerisasmuchatoolofthegameasthejoystick.,DR-Questions-p3-8-1b,Finally,thewritertellsushowachildrearedonthesteriledietofvideogamesreactswhenheisgivenaballofPlay-Doh,anddrawstheconclusionthatthevideogameplayerlearnshisownlesson:hedoesntcreate;hejustletssomeoneelsescreativityhappeninfrontofhim.Thus,thewritercreatesasharpcontrastthroughboththevividlyrecountedexamplesandhisowncommentsandconclusionsaboutthedifferenteffectsoftheactivegameandthepassivegameupontheplayers.,DetailedReading,DR-Questions-p3-8-2,Paragraph3-8:Questions2.Howaretheothertwocontrastspresentedinthispart?,DetailedReading,Theothertwocontrastspresentedinthispartfollowasimilarpattern.Thewritercreatesthetwosharpcontrastsbothbyvividlyrelatingdifferentactivitiesanddescribinglessonstheparticipantshavelearnedthroughtheirexperiences,andbyofferinghisownconclusionsaboutthedifferenteffectsoftheactivegamesandactivitiesandthepassiveonesupontheparticipants.,DR-Questions-p3-8-3,DetailedReading,Paragraph3-8:Questions3.Whichkindofgamesaremostharmfultochildrenaccordingtothewriter?,Thewriterindirectlyemphasizesthatmostharmfultochildrenarethosegamesinwhichtheplayersacttheroleofapsychotickiller,likeDukeNukem,withitstwenty-threelevelsofnonstopcarnage!andBloodyRoar,whichofferstheplayersmorewaystomaim,crush,anddevouryourenemiesthanever.,DR-Questions-p9-10-1,DetailedReading,Paragraph9-10:Questions1.Whatisyouranswertothefirstquestion(paragraph9)?,Thelessonthegameplayerlearnsisquiteobvious.Sinceheoftenplaystheroleofapsychotickillerandisofferedmanywaystomaim,crush,anddevourhisenemies,thegameplayerwillfollowsuitinactuallife,i.e.,heislikelytobeviolentanddangeroustopeopleheregardsashisenemies;heisapttoinjureorevenkillothers.,DR-Questions-p9-10-2,DetailedReading,Paragraph9-10:Questions2.Whatistheemphaticoremphasizedmeaningexpressedbythesecondquestion?,ThemeaningconveyedemphaticallybythesecondquestionisthatThelessonthechildplayerhaslearnedisextremelyfrightfultothinkabout.,DR-Questions-p9-10-all,DetailedReading,Paragraph1-10:QuestionsWhatisthethemeormainideaofthisessay?,Thisessayisintendedtopresentthefollowingtwoarguments:firstly,throughactivegamesoractivities,childrendevelopskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome;secondly,throughpassivegamesoractivities,childrenbecomepassivewatchersorviewers,andfurthermore,theiroutlookswillbeenormouslyaffectedorcontaminated.Fundamentally,thewriteraimstocallthereadersattentiontothedangerorharmthatchildrenaresubjectedtobyelectronicgamesorwiredentertainment.,LPT-digital,cessing,operatingon,storing,transmitting,representing,ordisplayingdataintheformofnumeralsfrom0through9,DetailedReading,e.g.,Shehasadigitalalarm-clockandtwodigitalwatches.Thereisadigitalcomputerintheoffice.,LPT-throughplaychildrendeveloptheskills,“Throughplay,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Byplayinggames.kidsacquiretheskillsandformtheviewsthatwilldecidewhatkindofgrown-upstheywillbe.,LPT-determine,determinevt.decide,fixsth.precisely;influencedecisively,DetailedReading,e.g.,Wehavenotdeterminedadateforthemeetingyet.Doheredityandenvironmentdetermineonescharacter?Theexamresultscoulddetermineyourcareer.,LPT-playinghouseorschool,“Playinghouseorschool,”,DetailedReading,PlayingoractingthepartofMomorDadorteacher?,Paraphrase,Herethetwowordshouseandschoolareusedascasesofmetonymy.,Note,LPT-Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelop,“Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Competitivesportsactivitieshelpchildrendeveloptheirabilitytoworkincollaborationwithothers,builduptheirconfidenceanddevelopanawarenessofplayingthegameinafairandhonestway.,LPT-coordination,coordinationn.theskillfulandbalancedmovementsofdifferentparts,especiallypartsofthebody,atthesametime,DetailedReading,e.g.,Gymisasportthatcallsforaconsiderablelevelofcoordinationonthepartofthegymnasts.Yourteamlostthematchforlackofcoordination.,LPT-fairplay,fairplay:(c.f.foulplay)conductthatadherestorulesorisjustandequitable,esp.insports,DetailedReading,e.g.,Asareferee,youmustensurethatthereisfairplayinthegamefrombeginningtoend.Bytheway,theoppositeoffairplayisfoulplay.Thefootballerwasgivenaredcardbecauseofseriousfoulplay.,LPT-evensolitaryactivitieslikereading,“Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Evenactivitiesdonealonesuchasreadingenablechildrentohaveconnectionswiththeoutsideworld,inspiringthemtodeveloptheabilitytoidentifythemselvesmentallywithpeopleingeneral.,LPT-empathy,empathyn.theabilitytoidentifywithandunderstandanotherpersonsfeelingsordifficulties,DetailedReading,e.g.,Ashegrewupinanorphanage,heseemstohavegreatempathywithhomelesscatsanddogs.,LPT-butinrecentyears,“Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormousimpactongrowingchildren.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Recently,however,otherformsofamusementhavehadatremendouseffectongrowingchildren.,LPT-impact,impactn.astrongeffect,DetailedReading,e.g.,Thenewmoviemadeagreatimpactontheviewers.Heneverdreamedofsuchanimpacthisexperimentproducedinthescientificworld.,LPT-videogame,videogames:gamesplayedbymanipulatingimagesproducedbyacomputerprogramonascreen,DetailedReading,e.g.,Somechildrenplayvideogamesalmosteveryday,whichdoesmuchharmtotheirhealth.Forsomekids,videogamesoccupytoomuchoftheirfreetime.,LPT-enteringadulthoodnowarethefirst,“EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,BecomingadultsnowarethefirstgroupofpeoplewhospenttheirchildhoodplayingNintendo,agenerationofkidswhohavedevotedmoretimetoplayingvideogamesthanplayingbaseballandreadingstoriesofUncleWiggly.,LPT-VirtualBoyandMortalKombat,VirtualBoyandMortalKombat:twovideogamesVirtualBoy,Nintendosunique3-Dgamingsystem,wasreleasedinfall,1995;MortalKombatisaseriesofNintendosfightinggames.,DetailedReading,LPT-UncleWiggly,UncleWiggly:akindly,elderly,rabbitgentlemaninaseriesofpopularchildrensstorieswhichwerefirstwrittenin1910byHowardR.Garris,whowroteanewadventureeverydayfor50years,DetailedReading,LPT-pundit,punditn.sb.whoisanauthorityonasubject,DetailedReading,e.g.,Theboyalwaysassumestheairofasportspundit.Thatfilmwasratedasthebestoneoftheyearbyapanelofwell-knowntelevisionpundits.,LPT-asamusingandingeniousas,“Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,childrenandsocietytheyliveinaretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Thoughgames,shows,videdbyelectronicdevicessuchascomputersandvideomachinescanbeenjoyableandoriginal,childrenandsocietytheyliveinarethevictimsiftheyindulgeintheseformsofamusementsolely.,LPT-Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,“Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,wiredentertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Differentfromtraditionalgamesandtoys,entertainmentprovidedbyelectronicdevices,whichispassivebynature,makeschildrenbecomedullandunoriginal.Asaresultofspendingtoomuchtimeonsuchentertainment,childrenlackemotionaldevelopmentinsocialcommunicationandmaybecomecrudelyinsensitivetothepeoplearoundthem.,LPT-desensitize,desensitizevt.reduceordestroythesensitivenessof;(fig.)makesb.unabletocareabouthowotherpeoplefeel,Detailed