non criteria atmospheric pollutants international perspectives：非标准大气污染物的国际视野

INDOOR AIR POLLUTIONSOURCES AND POLICY,Peter BrimblecombeUniversity of East AngliaNorwich UK,A RECENT SCIENCE,There is much confusion in the literature as to whether this is a recent process or notThe problem is ancient - weapons of OdysseusConcern is long term e.g. smoky fireplacesScientific study recent,SINUSITIS,Common in Saxon times,Often related to lack of chimneys,Scopulariopsis Brevicaulismetabolises arsenic to the volatiletrimethylarsine (CH3)3As,Scheeles Green,INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS,Bioemmisions (MVOCs),INDOOR AIR POLLUTION,Historically very importantIncreasing time in indoor environmentSensitive populations indoors:elderly, young and illMonitors outside!Lower ventilation rates - energy savingsNovel building materials - outgas,also poverty and gender issues,FORMALDEHYDE,VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS,DISCIPLINARY TRENDS,VULNERABLE GROUPS INDOORS POVERTY AND GENDER ISSUES,CoalPM10 250 g m-3CO 42 ppmSO2 192 ppb,Women and children exposed in kitchen Poor people experience higher pollution indoors,Kerosene and gas less mutagenic PAH.,Heated interiors- La Pintana, Santiago,Firewood PM10 489 g m-3CO 57 ppmSO2 295 ppb,AGE ISSUES,Social change young people on holiday old people in cityLittle community or health supportPoor knowledgeHome is safe,Smogn Paris (& 400 000 morts prmatures en Europe, chaque anne),Climate change and increasing ozone? PARIS OZONE AND HEATWAVE 2003,INTERIORS,Ethanol 590ppb - beverages, bakingAcetone 24ppb - smoking, metabolismToluene 18ppb - smoking, fuelFormaldehyde 7ppb - smoking, cleaningAcetic acid 6ppb - meals, cleaningNicotine 2ppb - smokingOrganochlorines - showers,Mineral fibresMicro-organismsLegionellaRadon,DOMESTIC POLLUTANTS,Outdoor pollutants Combustion productsheatingexciting cooking,Frying pan fumes -kill canaries?,FRAGRANCES and TOILETRIES,Nitro-musksTalc Terpenes,PARTICLES IN THE PARIS METRO,S. Mazoue et al (2001), role of iron wheels, rails and brakesand Fe may be 280 g m-3 (80%),g m-3,AIRCRAFT CABINS (A310/A340),Much complaint about re-circulationTourist class syndromesNo increase in particles in recirculated airIncrease in bacteria, but non-pathogenicVOCs OK. Ethanol highest!Ground engine exhaust/fuelSmoking,POLLUTANTS INDOORS,Nitrogen dioxide penetration at the Dreadnought Collection,NO2 ppb,INDOOR OUTDOOR RATIOS,Very unifying concept that compares interiors1 indoor source 1 indoor source 1 indoor loss mechanismsO3 and SO2 very effective loss,INDOOR AIR CHEMISTRY,Indoor reactions can elevate summer NO2 concentrations,DG XII ENV4-CT95-0088,Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts,SYNERGISMS,AER project studied air chemistry in museum environments,INDOOR/OUTDOOR NO2,HIGH AIR FLOW3.0 changes/hour,0.79 winter1.32 summer-autumn,SECONDARY EMISSIONS,NO2 with surfacesO3 reaction fabrics,NO2,HONO,pH dependent,RAYCHAUDHURI M and BOWDEN D UEA,OZONE REACTIONS WITH SURFACES,Paintsformaldehyde Carpets and counter tops a range of aldehydes, especially nonanal,AIR CONDITIONING EMISSIONS,These reflect uptake and emissionsDominance of some characteristic aldehydes hexanal nonanal,Hyttinen et al Atmos Env 2006,SYMPTOMS AND REACTIONS,Concentrations of VOCs typically too low to explain SBSReactionsDependency,Production of PM-10 from fragrances,CAFE,may abandon the pollutant by pollutant approachpreoccupied with ozone and particlesproblems with indoor sources,How do you regulate such heterogeneous interiors?,INDOOR CHALLENGES,Heterogeneity and monitoringOften indoor air not same governmental agency as outdoor air Department of Health or Housing or Safety or Industry oreven Cultural HeritageSub-critical concentrationsSick building syndrome - sociological contextPersonal freedom,and it seems an environment we can control.,DEPOSITION VELOCITY Vd,Fundamental parameter to describe indoor removal rate.,