语料库语言学：语料库的种类types of corpora

.,Typesofcorpora,Generalvs.specializedcorporaWrittenvs.spokencorporaSynchronicvs.diachroniccorporaMonolingualvs.multilingualcorporaComparablevs.parallelcorporaNativevs.learnercorporaSamplevs.monitorcorporaRawvs.annotatedcorpora,.,Generalvs.specializedcorpora,Generalcorpora(通用语料库)orreferencecorpora(参考语料库):awidecoverageofdifferenttextcategoriesorregisters;representslanguageforgeneralpurposes.usu.:verylarge,millionsofwords.E.g.BritishNationalCorpus(BNC),BankofEnglish(BOE).specializedcorpora(专用语料库):textsfromaparticularvarietyofalanguage,e.g.fromaparticulardialectorfromaparticularsubjectarea.,.,Writtenvs.spokencorpora,Writtencorpora（笔语语料库）:containonlywrittenmaterials.(more)Spokencorpora（口语语料库）:containtranscribedtextsofspokenlanguage.(less),.,Synchronicvs.diachroniccorpora,Synchroniccorpora（共时语料库）:materialsfromaspecificperiodoftime.Diachroniccorpora（历时语料库）：materialsoveralongerperiodoftime.,.,Monolingualvs.multilingualcorpora,Monolingualcorpora（单语语料库）：textsinonelanguage.Multilingualcorpora（多语语料库）：textsinseveraldifferentlanguages.,.,Comparablevs.parallelcorpora,Comparablecorpora（可比语料库）：textsfromtwoormorelanguageswhicharesimilaringenre,topic,registeretc.without,however,containingthesamecontent.Parallelcorpora（平行语料库）(translationcorpora)（翻译语料库）：acorpusoforiginaltextsinonelanguageandtheirtranslationsintoanother(orseveralotherlanguages)。探索“同一内容是如何用两种语言表达的”。,.,Nativevs.learnercorpora,Nativespeakerscorpora（本族语语料库）:textsfromnativespeakers.Learnercorpora（学习者语料库）:textsfromlanguagelearners.,.,Samplevs.monitorcorpora,Samplecorpora(样本语料库)：asopposedtoamonitorcorpus,asamplecorpusisoffinitesizeandconsistsoftextsegmentsselectedtoprovideastaticpictureoflanguageMonitorcorpora(监控语料库)：monitorlanguagechange.Itisregularlyupdatedandopen-ended.,.,Rawvs.annotatedcorpora,Rawcorpora（生语料库）：inrawstatesofplaintext;withoutannotationsAnnotatedcorpora（标注语料库）：rmationidentifyingtheoriginandnatureofthetext;taggingtoshowthewordclassofeachword;parsingtoshowthesentencestructureandthefunctionofdifferentelementsinasentence.onespecificexample,“gives”:thirdpersonsingularpresenttenseverbInanannotatedcorpus,theformgivesmaybegives_VVZ,VVZ:itisathirdpersonsingularpresenttense(Z)formofalexica