2002考研英语试题详解

.2002年试题分析21标准答案A解题思路难度(正确率)：(正确率)：0.145此题偏难。文章的第一句话“Comparisons were drawn between . in the 20th century and . in the 15th and 16th centuries”就点明了时间的对比是在十五六世纪和20 世纪之间并且第一段其余部分讲的都是19世纪左右的事情所以能发生很多事情 的既不是之前也不是之后，只能是在这两三个世纪之间了。易错提示有33.7和 41.7的考生选择了B、D。考察重点Yet表明转折前句的意思，既可能是转折comparisons, 也可能是转折between,但后面紧接着就是19世纪，所以只能是转折前者，而保持between不变。 通过上下文的逻辑关系去 进行推断。重点词汇comparison-比较，diffusion-这里对应development,作发展推广译。难句分析Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.-是一个大并列，between the developmentand the diffusion22标准答案D解题思路难度(正确率)：0.909此题非常容易。not until的句型对于大多数考生来讲，太熟悉不过了，因此，干扰项几乎都没有起到作用。易错提示其他干扰项作为单独句子可以成立，但此处如果突然出现“不是在19世纪”，显然和上下文不符。考察重点not until。重点词汇无难句分析无23标准答案C解题思路难度(正确率)：0.749；区分度0.374。此题的难度合适，区分度理想。根据上下文newspaper连同后面出现的pamphlet，book，periodical都只能是一种传播信息的媒介medium(a method for giving information)。 易错提示medium(a method for giving information) 是一种传播信息的媒介；m eans(a method or a way of doing) 是一种方法、手段，method(a planned way of doing something)是一种单纯的方法， measure(an action taken to bring about a certain result) 是一种措施、方法。考察重点这里考查的是几个近义词的掌握。出现这种题目时考生必须学会用英文解释去区别几个词的不同的含义不能仅从中文注释去思考。重点词汇参见易错提示难句分析无24标准答案B解题思路难度(正确率)：0.098此题的难度太大。根据上下文“newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic means, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical”来 判断newspaper与pamphlet、book和periodical都是平行的词在此处需要找 到一个含有可以表示并列含义的词B是有“伴随、随之而来”的含义符合上下 文的逻辑关系是正确答案。易错提示A、C和D放进“in the . of里含义 分别是“performing the operation”、“considering”和“shaped like”的意思，都与原句意思大相径庭都是不正确的。考察重点符合上下文逻辑关系。对in theof短语的意思的理解。重点词汇in the wake of followed by，伴随着来的，紧跟而来的；in the process of - performing the operation,在进行的过程中；in the company of with，伴随着的；in (the) light of considering,考虑到，根据；in the form of shaped like,以什么形式。难句分析“following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.”in the wake of 和 in the company of 做并列。25标准答案B解题思路难度(正确率)：0.743；区分度0.302。此题的难度合适，区分度很好。文章讲到communications revolution时所罗列出的项目都表示通信革命的快速发展，因此，本题的答案应该是Bspeeded。其他 三个干扰项的含义都与上下文想要表达的意义不符。易错提示Gather up 和 work up 都是相对较冷门的词，考生应该不会多注意。Pick up是一个很熟悉的词，但在这里 “挑取”显然意思不符上下文。考察重点本题考查的是动词词义的掌握，以及联系上下文意思解题。重点词汇speed up 加速。难句分析“It was during the same time thatand”此句是强调句+动名词作状语并列。“It bethat”是强调句格式，意为“正是才”。“Beginning withand leading”是动名词作状语并列表示进一步解释。26标准答案A解题思路难度(正确率)：0.430，此题的难度适中。lead on表示“make something possible”；lead off表示 “begin”lead out表示“begin”或“take someone to dance”：lead不与over搭配。只有 A 符合上下文意思。易错提示参见解题思路考察重点本题考查短语的掌握。重点词汇“leading on through”中的“through”意为“经过”难句分析无27标准答案D解题思路难度(正确率)：0.480；区分度0.214。此题的难度合适区分度较好。一定要先理解结构和意思，特别要理解从lead开始的结构和意思，表示通信技术把人类带进了一个汽车和飞机的时代。整句的意思是“先从开始，当中经过了然后进入了”，所以不管是of,for还是beyond都没法完全符合结构和全句意思。易错提示此空格后面的“world of the motor car and the air plane”就是一个词-world，“of the world”和“for the world”都是很常见的用法，但这里和全句意思不符。“Beyond the world” 很澎湃，但同样意思不符。 考察重点本题考察lead的用法和对整句结构及上下文的理解。重点词汇无 难句分析无28标准答案D解题思路难度(正确率)：0.400，此题的难度合适，但区分度不太理想。in effect表示“in operation”,in perspective表示“judge the real importance of something by considering it in relation to everything else”。该句表达的意思是没有人正确地看待这个过程。易错提示有29.496%的考生选择C项。in effect表示“in operation”实际产生效用，和句意无关。考察重点本题主要考察对句意的理解和词组的意思。重点词汇in effect - “in operation”实际产生效果；in perspective - “judge the real importance of something by considering it in relation to everything else”想明白某样东西了。就象想明白原来考研本无它，就是一更大的题海战，科举考。难句分析“Not everyone sees”是部分否定， 和 “Not all”,“All do not”等一样，意思是不是所有人如何如何。29标准答案C 解题思路难度(正确率)：0.574此题的难度合适。本题属句的意思是：尽管十五六世纪与20世纪之间发生了一些重要的事件然而计算机的出现带来的变化是最大的。易错提示有24.9的考生选择A项。答错的原因在于没有正确地理解文章，尤其是上段文章的意思。考察重点对上下文的理解。这句其实理解不是很容易，一大段下来紧接又是这么一大句。但一对比就发现上面和下面讲的东西不同。所以切记联系上下文。切记该转折时不能用顺接。重点词汇无难句分析无30标准答案B解题思路难度(正确率)：0.481，此题的难度合适。这一题的答题线索在于时间顺序20世纪初出现了计算机20世纪60年代发明了 集成电路。易错提示用任何其他的词都是没注意时间顺序，不能前面发生的那码事是被后面的故事刺激了吧？考察重点对文意，此处即时间顺序的理解。重点词汇integragted circuit - 是集成电路，顺便讲一下chip 是芯片，当然也能作薯片讲，薯条是 fries 难句分析此属句乃一中型规模句。大主语,大分词状语，动宾则很简单，就是 计算机极其彪悍地改变了过程31标准答案D解题思路难度(正确率)：0.795：区分度0.310。此题比较容易区分度很好。该题主要是基于对句子的理解。该句的意思是集成电路的发明从根本上改变了这个过程尽管其对传播媒介的影响还不明显。易错提示联系句意，想错挺难。考察重点读句能力，千万别看到一串逗号就缴笔。重点词汇无难句分析无32标准答案A解题思路难度(正确率)：0.733；区分度0.340。此题较易区分度很好。该题的作答与31题是紧密相关的理解了整个句子的意思这道题也就迎刃而解了。易错提示这里desirable是一个很有迷惑的词，意为不理想，但影响还是不明显用起来干脆些。其他俩词非常鲜明的不合适用这里。考察重点上下文理解。重点词汇无难句分析无33标准答案A解题思路难度(正确率)：0.093，此题属于难题。此题考查考生对personal反义词的掌握。统计数据中有49.7的考生选择了干扰 项B项。如果从字面上去理解“personal”它的含义是“私人的、个人的”B项 universal可以是它的反义词，但“universal”的含义是“大众化”。上下文讲的是个 人使用电脑和有组织地使用电脑的关系，而不是私人和大众的关系所以B项肯 定是错误的。A项institutional具有“机构的”含义因此是正确答案。易错提示参见解题思路。考察重点对词义的理解以及词汇量。重点词汇参见解题思路。难句分析无34标准答案C解题思路难度(正确率)：0.661：区分度0.307。此题的难度合适，区分度很好。ability表示“能力、技能”capability表示“能力、才能”ca pacity表示“容量、容纳力”faculty表示“天赋、才能”，该句指的是计算机的存储量增加，因此要用capacity。易错提示中文考虑容易用能力，但英文很清楚，这里storage一定跟量，即capacity.考察重点该题考的是词义辨析。重点词汇参见解题思路。难句分析“with”引导状语从句表伴随。 35标准答案B解题思路难度(正确率)：0.429此题的难度合适。该题考查考生对四个短语的掌握。by means of表示“使用、应用”；in terms of表示“从 . . 观点(角度)来看”；with regard to表示“关于”；in line with表示 “和 . . 一致”。易错提示参见解题思路。考察重点参见解题思路。重点词汇参见解题思路。难句分析此句主谓非常清楚，但嵌着两状语，加上一巨拗口的宾语十分不舒服。句意参见解题思路。36标准答案D解题思路难度(正确率)：0.200此题属于较难题目。回答此题的关键词是distance而能与之搭配的词只有“small”。易错提示选择A和C 的考生占抽样考生的比例为31.1和43.4。选择这两项的考生主要受中国人思 维的影响觉得距离可以是深浅、远近。考察重点参见解题思路。重点词汇无。难句分析参见上题。37标准答案A解题思路难度(正确率)：0.186，此题属于较难的题目。根据上下文的逻辑含义这 里应该找一个有“环境”意义的词。尽管“context在此处的含义大纲当中并未列 出，但根据我们已知的含义和“上下文”应能推断出是“我们生活的环境”。只有A项是正确答案。易错提示有21.4、 35、24.9的考生选择了其他三个干扰项但它们都无法推断出上述这种含义。考察重点此题考查考生通过上下文进行词义猜测、推断的能力。重点词汇range,scope表示范围，territory 则是地域。难句分析又见强调句。38标准答案C解题思路难度(正确率)：0.734：区分度0.293。此题属于偏易的题目，区分度好。regard与impress的宾语一般均为人， 而effect在表示“影响”这个意义时是名词。易错提示参见解题思路。考察重点该题主要考查词的用法以及对文章的理解。重点词汇无。难句分析属句其实不难，但巨多的and，both让人极度怀疑这是英文国家的人写的既然如此，英文国家的tx能做对咱这研题么,那么咱学这个，考这个到底是为了什么呢？这确实是个真正的题目39标准答案B解题思路难度(正确率)：0.657：区分度0.379。此题的难度合适，区分度很好。该句的意思是人们对通信革命的经济、政治、社 会及文化含义是有争议的。易错提示不少tx会选distracting,那是干扰的意思，果然是干扰项考察重点该题主要考查考生对词义的掌握。重点词汇这题有意思，选irrational就和本意一样，不理性阿难句分析无40标准答案c解题思路难度(正确率)：0.350此题的难度合适区分度不太理想。 “weightagainst . ”表示“compare carefully”。易错提示选择A项的考生有21.7；选择B项的考生有25.5。一看大家就是蒙的，分布颇符合统计规律。这题确实不能简单地去蒙。考察重点该题考查的是考生对 “weigh”一词的用法。重点词汇参见解题思路。难句分析无。(三)阅读理解Part ADirections：Read the following four textsAnswer the questions below each text by choosing ABC or DMark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l(40 points)Text lIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smileyou must know how to identify shared experiences and problemsYour humor must be relevant to tile audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of viewDepending on whom you are addressingthe problems will be differentIf you are talking to a group of managers，you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries：alternatively if you are addressing secretariesyou may want to comment on their disorganized bossesHere is an examplewhich I heard at a nursesconventionof a story which works well because the audience all shared the sanle view of doctorsA man arrives in Heaven and is being shown around by StPeterHe sees wonderful accommodationsbeautiful gardenssunny weather，and so onEveryone is very peacefulpolite and friendly untilwaiting in a line for lunchthe new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coatwho rushes to the head of the linegrabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself“Who is that?” the new arrival asked StPeter“oh。thats God”came the reply，but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor”If you are part of tile group which you are addressingyou will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or tlle chairmans notorious bad taste in tiesWith other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will re sent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairmanYou will be on safer ground ff you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone systemIf you feel awkward being humorousyou must practice so that it becomes more natu ralInclude a few casual and apparently off-thecuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced mannerOften its the delivery which causes the audience to smileso speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remarkLook for the humorIt often comes from the unexpectedA twist on a familiar quote“If at first you dont succeedgive up”or a play on words or on a situationSearch for exaggeration and understatementsLook at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor41To make your humor workyou shouldAtake advantage of different kinds of audience Bmake fun of the disorganized peopleCaddress different problems to different people Dshow sympathy for your listeners42The joke about doctors implies that，in the eyes of nursesthey areAimpolite to new arrivalsBvery conscious of their godlike role Centitled to some pfixrilegesDvery busy even during lunch hours43It can be inferred from the text that public servicesAhave benefited many peopleBare the focus of pubhc attenfionCare an inappropriate subject for humor Dhave often been the laughing stock44TO achieve the desired resulthumorous stories should be deliveredAin wellworded language Bas awkwardly as possible Cin exaggerated statements Das casually as possible 一45The best title for the text may beAUse Humor Effectively BVarious Kinds of Humor CAdd I-huuor to SpeechDDifferent Humor Strategies试题分析41标准答案 C解题思路难度(正确率)：0.745，此题较容易。本题考的是局部信息。考生只要看懂了第一段第三句话”Depending on whom you are addressingthe problems will be different”就能够准确地回答本题。易错提示其它选项文中都有提到，实属干扰项，但从第一段起文章意思即围绕对合适的人说合适的话。考察重点局部及全文意思。重点词汇in sympathy with 和一致；alternatively 或者。难句分析应该没啥问题吧？有的话上网提出来，咱在线解答！()42标准答案 B解题思路难度(正确率)：0.342，此题的难度合适。有42.8考生选择了C项。本题的关键是看学生是否理解第二段结尾StPeter的话。有42.896的考生选C项是因为没有理解StPeter的话，而把注意力放在了医生的所作所为上，即医生把新来的人推到一边，冲到队伍的最前面等等因而给人一种他享有特权的印象。易错提示参见解题思路。考察重点参见解题思路。重点词汇无难句分析应该没啥问题吧？有的话上网提出来，咱在线解答！()43标准答案 D解题思路难度(正确率)：0.307：区分度0.280。此题的难度合适，区分度好。本题的关键是第三段的最后一句话，意思是：你去开邮局或电话系统(即public services)的玩笑则比较安全不会有冒犯什么人的危险，同时本句中还出现了一个关键词“scapegoats”，说明public services常常成为人们的笑柄。易错提示A,B为无关选项，C的意思正好相反。考察重点读懂文章意思。重点词汇scapegoat 替罪羊.难句分析应该没啥问题吧？有的话上网提出来，咱在线解答！()。44标准答案 D解题思路难度(正确率)：0.542此题的难度合适。本题主要考第四段的内容。其中有一些关键词如：“natural”“relaxed”，“unforced”“hghthearted”等。只要考生看懂了这些词的意思，这道题就很容易了。 易错提示tx们容易选C，但文中并未直接提及要夸张如何如何。所以切记紧扣题意。考察重点考察第四段内容。重点词汇relaxed,unforced 放松的。难句分析应该没啥问题吧？有的话上网提出来，咱在线解答！()。45标准答案 A解题思路难度(正确率)：0.627，此题的难度合适。这道题考的是对全文的理解是一道总括题。答总括题需要利用全文的信息。从全文各段的内容来看，文章主要是讲如何有效地使用幽默。采用排除法很容易确定本题的答案。易错提示参见解题思路。考察重点参见解题思路。重点词汇参见解题思路。难句分析参见解题思路。Text 2Since tile dan of human ingenuitypeople have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring。burdensomeor just plain nastyThat compulsion has resulted in robotics-!he science of conferring various human capabilities on machines And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction，they have begun to COllie closeAs a result，the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice bul whose universal existence has removed much human laborOur factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly armSOur banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank US with mechanical politeness for the transactionOur subway trains are controlled by tireless robodriversAnd thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanicsthere are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physi cians can achieve with their hands aloneBut if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utilitythey will have：to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves- goals that pose a real challenge“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error”says Dave Lavery，manager of a robotics program at NASA“we cant yet give a robot enoughcommon senseto reliably interact with a dynamic world”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed resultsDespite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuriesWhat they foundin attempting to model thoughtis that the human brainS roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more compli cated-than previously imaginedThey have built robots that can recognize the error of a ma- chine panel by a fracfion of a millimeter in a controlled factory environmentBut the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevantinstantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowdThe most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of abilityand neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it46Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated inAthe use of machines to produce science fictionBthe wide use of machines in manufacturing industryCthe invention of tools for difficult and dangerous workDthe eliteS cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work47The word“gizmos”(Line lParagraph 2)most probably meansAprograms BexpertsCdevicesD1 creatures48According to the textwhat is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that CanAfulfill dehcate tasks like performing brain surgery Binteract with human beings verbaHyChave a little common senseDrespond independenny to a changing world49Besides reducing human laborrobots can alsoAmake a few decisions for themselvesBdeal with some errors们th human intervention Cimprove factory environmentsDcultivate human creativity50The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots areAexpected to copy human brain in internal structure Bable to perceive abnormalities immediatelyCfar less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information Dbest used in a controlled environment试题分析46标准答案 C解题思路难度(正确率)：0.573此题的难度合适。本题主要考查考生是否看懂了第一段尤其是“That compulsion has resulted in robotics-the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines”这句话。这句话的意思是：(发明一些灵巧的工具来从事一些危险、乏味、繁重或者是讨厌的工作)这样一种需求导致了机器人技术的产生，即赋予机器以人的各种技能的科学。 易错提示第一段也出现了A,但A不是第一段的主旨，只是作为一个辅助的假设用。所以切不可看到出现过就选。考察重点首段文意。重点词汇ingenuity: 灵活性;compulsion: 此处表示需求，常译作一种冲动;cunning tackling of: 非常漂亮地搞定。难句分析应该没啥问题吧？有的话上网提出来，咱在线解答！()。47标准答案C 解题思路难度(正确率)：0701；区分度0364。此题偏易区分度很好。 本题是考查考生从上下文猜测词义的能力。根据第二段中出现的“robot assembly arms”“atttomated teller tenninals”“tireless rob0drivers”等信息考生可以猜 出“gizmos”是“设备、装置”的意思。易错提示A选项是程序，有tx会想程序也能搞定很多东西千万别把题想复杂，哪个直接用哪个。考察重点对照上下文猜意思。重点词汇无难句分析“As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.” 本句是一个中型并列，用but并列俩gizmos的属性，属性用定语从句whose表示。48标准答案D 解题思路难度(正确率)：0546：区分度0445。此题的难度合适，区分度很好。 本题的答题依据是第三段中Dave Lavery的第二句话即“we cant yet give a robot enoughcommon senseto reliably interact with a dynamic world”该句中的 “dynamic”就是“动态的、变化的”意思。易错提示读懂考题，beyond ability是人们现在没法做到的，所以A,B,C都能从文中找到对应的并一一排除，其实用common sense也能排除。考察重点理解文意。重点词汇interact with 与交流，沟通；fulfill 从事，承担，常跟task, 表示力担大任;common sense 大家应该都知道，再提一下意思就是大家都知道J。难句分析应该没啥问题吧？有的话上网提出来，咱在线解答！()49标准答案B 解题思路难度(正确率)：0641；区分度0268。此题的难度合适区分度好。 本题的答题依据是第三段中Dave Lavery说的第一句话“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error”即我们知道如何告诉机器人去处理一个具 体的错误。看懂了这句话这道题就很容易了。易错提示选A是没扣紧文章原意，自己引申了点，选C和D就是没道理了，引申程度绝对是艺术系的水平。考察重点对文章原意的紧扣程度。重点词汇没有吧？难句分析应该没啥问题吧？有的话上网提出来，咱在线解答！()50标准答案C 解题思路难度(正确率)：0882；区分度0292。此题属于很容易的题目，区分度好。 本题考的是文章最后一段的意思。该段的主要意思是：机器人能够在很短的时间内 发现机器的问题而人脑能很快忽略不相关的信息而将注意力集中到相关的信息 上来这是先进的机器人都做不到的。易错提示还是看准了文章讲什么。考察重点考末段文意。Tx们应该有了这么个common sense了吧，题的顺序也紧扣文章位置，最后一题要么就是末段内容，要么就是来个大总结。重点词汇glimpse glance,一瞥;disregard ignore, 忽略;难句分析“But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.” 后面的focusing on 是分词一大串作状语伴随。Text 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to retm?Since OPEC agreed to supplycuts in March，the price of crude oil has jmnped to almost$26 a barrel，up from less than$10 last DecemberThis near-