non-verbal communication 无语言交流.ppt

A,1,Non-verbalcommounication,JoyTong,A,2,Whatdoyouthinkthisindicates?,A,3,Whatistherelationbetweenthesetwopersons?,A,4,Whatdoesthissignify?,A,5,Whatisbeingcommunicatedhere?,A,6,Whattypeofpersonisthislady?,A,7,Non-verbalCommunication,Verbal=communicatingwithwordsandlanguage(asopposedtoimages,actionsorbehaviour),A,8,Definition:(1),“Metacommunication(beyondtheusualcommmunication),paralinguistics,second-ordermessages,thesilentlanguage,andthehiddendimensionofcommunication.”(Hall,1959),A,9,Definition:(2),Nonverbalcommunicationinvolvesallnonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthathaspotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.(SamovarandPorter,2004),A,10,DefinitioninChinese,非言语交际包括在交际中认为的和环境产生的对于传播者或受传者含有潜在信息的所有的刺激，简单地说就是“不用语言的交际”，被称作”无声的语言“。,A,11,CharacteristicsofNonverbalCommunication,IntentionalorunintentionalAmbiguousPrimaryContinuousMulti-channeled,A,12,FunctionsofNonverbalCommunication,ToprovideinformationToregulateinteractionToexpressorhideemotionandaffectTopresentanimageToexpresspowerandcontrol,A,13,DifferenttypesofNon-verbalcommunication,A,14,FaceandEyes,Over1000distinctfacialexpressionsEyescanbeespeciallyexpressive“Windowstothesoul”MenandwomenhavebeenfoundtobeequallyexpressiveMenshowthemostemotioninthelowerleftquadrantoftheirfaceWomenshowemotionovertheirwholeface,A,15,Kinesics,EyeContactFacialexpressionsEmoticonsGesturePostureTouch,A,16,TouchingisconsideredessentialandtherapeuticTouchingcaninfluencelikingandcomplianceIsusedtoshowintimacyorpower/controlPeoplewithhighstatustouchothers/invadeothersspacesmorethanpeoplewithlowerstatus,Touch,A,17,Voice/Paralanguage,Consistsofvocaltone,speed,pitch,volume,numberandlengthofpauses,anddisfluencies(“um”s,“ah”s),etc.ParalanguagetendstobemorepowerfulthanlanguageAffectshowothersperceiveusStereotyping(e.g.,accents,vocabulary,grammar)Influencedbyculture,gender,class(intentionallyorunintentionally)Anillustration,A,18,Trysaying“Youloveme”toconveythefollowingmeanings:Youreallydo?Ihadntrealizedthat.Thatploywontwork.Itoldyouwerethrough.Youcouldntpossiblylovemeafterwhatyoudid!Me?Imtheoneyoulove?You?Ididntthinkyoulovedanyone.,A,19,Silence,Cancommunicatecontentment,awkwardness,anger,respect,thoughtfulness,empathyCanalsobedisconfirming,A,20,PhysicalAppearance,“Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder”Wetendtonoticeobviousthingsfirst(gender,race),thennoteattractivenessPhysicallyattractivepeoplegenerallyareperceivedbetterImportanceplacedonphysicalappearancecanbeverydamagingItswhatwedowithitthatsmostimportant,A,21,Artifacts,Includeclothing,jewelry,personalbelongings,accessories,etc.Communicateeconomiclevel,educationallevel,trustworthiness,socialposition,levelofsophistication,economicbackground,socialbackground,educationalbackground,levelofsuccess,moralcharacter,masculinity/femininityImportantpartoffirstimpressions,A,22,Environment,CommunicatessomethingaboutyouWesurroundourselveswiththingsthatareimportant/meaningfultousUseartifactstodefineourterritoryCaninfluenceinteractionsHowpeopleuseanenvironmentcommunicatessomethingaboutthem,A,23,ColorInfluencesCommunication,Yellowcheersandelevatesmoods,Redexcitesandstimulates,Bluecomfortsandsoothes,Insomeculturesblacksuggestsmourning,Insomecultureswhitesuggestspurity,A,24,Time,Timeisaconception,aculture,andwaysoflife.Differentcultureshavedifferentinterpretationandconceptionoftime.Americanssaythathewhohesitatesislost,whileweChineseoftensaythatthinkthreetimesbeforeyouact.(Thinktwicebeforeyouleap.),A,25,Space,A,26,NorthAmericansdistancehabit,050cm:intimateloversandfamilymembers50120cm:friends(personaldistance)120270cm:acquaintances(socialdistance)270cm:publicspace,notbelongtooneselfBehind:strangersspeakingfrombehindareallowedtostandmuchmorenearer.,A,27,NonverbalSignals,Anonverbalsignalcanshowdifferentmeanings,A,28,FacialGestures,Facecanshowanger,pain,joy,shock,confidence,exhaustion,surprise,suspicion,boredom,doubt,etc.Facecanpout,grimace,snarl,wince,blush,gape,smirk,glare,frown,etc.Facecannod,shake,jerk,tilt,duck,turn.NoddingtheheadupanddownmeansYes.ItmeansNoinIranandTurkey.,A,29,EyeGestures,EyecontactindicatesattentioninAmericaStaringisrudeinKorea,Japan,andThailandEyebrowflashisasignofflirtationWinkisasignofflirtationorsharedsecretDilatedeyesindicatesfearorangerRollingtheeyesshowsamazement,A,30,Hands,ClappingtoindicateapplauseHandShakingtogreetinsomecountriesHandHoldingforaffectionandrespectHandWavingforgreetingHighFivetoindicateapprovalFistPoundingtoindicateangerTouchingWoodindicatesgoodluck,A,31,Arms,FoldedArmsindicatesadefensivepositionArmsonHipsindicatesangeroraggressionArmsBehindBackindicateseaseandcontrol,A,32,ClassroomSittingDynamics,FrontLiketheactionandgradeconsciousBackObservers,slackers,dislikeattention,likesecurityofthebackwallByWindowDaydreamersByDoorOfteninarushandwantaquickwayoutMiddleLiketoblendintothecrowdandarepossiblyshy,A,33,Doyouknowwhatthefollowinggesturesmeans?,A,34,Number1isusedtogetherwiththeverbalmessage“Letskeepourfingerscrossed”intheUnitedStates,England,andSwedentomeanthatthepersonishopingforgoodluck.ButinGreeceandTurkeyitmeansthebreakingofafriendship,andinpartsofItalyitmeans“O.K.”.,A,35,Number2isnormallyusedwhentalkingprivatelyaboutathirdperson,meaningthatpersoniscrazy,ofteninajokingway.,A,36,Number3indicates“Ihavenoidea.”/“Idontknow.”,A,37,ThegestureinPicture4meansthat“Icant/didnthearyou.”,A,38,Number5means“Thatsenough.Itsalloverforme.”,InPicture6the“thumbsdown”signindicates“rejection”or“refusal”,“defeat”or“nogood”or“badnews”toAmericans.,A,39,NonverbalSignals,Varyfromculturetoculture,A,40,WhatmaytheO.K.signmean?,InBrazila.rudenessInRussiab.moneyInFrancec.somethingvulgarInJapand.somethingworthless,A,41,FrenchgestureforIdontbelieveyou,A,42,NonVerbalCommunications,700,000DifferentPhysicalSigns250,000DifferentFacialExpressions5,000DifferentHandGestures1,000DifferentPosturesSmileUniversalGestureHidingFaceUniversalGestureOnlytwouniversalgestures,A,43,InternationalGestures,SoutheastAsiaShowingthebottomofthefootisagrievousinsultKenyaVictorysignalcanleadtogettingthefingerschoppedoffSaudiArabiaKissinginpubliccanleadtobeingplacedinjailWinstonChurchillVforvictorysignalbecameasymbolduringWorldWarIISouthAmericaCheekkissingisacasualgreetinggesture,A,44,InternationalGestures,O.K.SymbolinAmericaconsideredasgivingacurseinSaudiArabiaandanextremeinsultinGermanyClosingtheeyesandnoddingtheheadissignofattentivenessinJapanYieldingrightofwayinadoorwayisasignofrespectinChinaClappingandwhistlingisconsideredapproval(whistlingisconsidereddisapprovalinmuchofEurope),A,45,Greetings,FirmHandshake200yearsoldHugInformalgreetingsonly.Asiancountriesdonotlikeit.BowingManyAsiancountriesOne-PumpHandshakei