雨课堂学堂云公共英语(下)生活英语读写期末复习题(含答案)

期末考试复习题【含答案】生活英语读写（1）单选题Part1:VocabularyandStructure(60%)1.Accidents____fromcarelessness.A

riseB

raiseC

ariseD

increase（2）单选题Thereare_____worktobedonebeforethebuildingcanbeusedforliving.A

valuableB

essentialC

responsibleD

universal（3）单选题Motherwasfullof____forthesickchild.A

concernB

managementC

regardD

worship（4）单选题Ifyougetlostjustaskoneofthe____fordirections.A

localsB

individualsC

colleaguesD

principles（5）单选题Computerscan____manydifferenttasks.A

formB

reformC

performD

inform（6）单选题Thereisnobest____tothisproblem.A

featureB

solutionC

penaltyD

section（7）单选题Itisanemptyhut,butatleastitofferedusa_____.A

houseB

roofC

shelterD

scene（8）单选题Moremoneywillbeputintoscientificresearch_____inthisuniversity.A

methodsB

outcomesC

projectsD

phrases（9）单选题My_____isthatexportswilldoubleoverthenextfiveyears.A

motiveB

expectationC

notionD

curiosity（10）单选题.Police_____driversfortravellingtoofastinthefog.A

evaluatedB

analyzedC

judgedD

criticized（11）单选题.Theyounggirlisnot______withherpresentjob,andshehasdecidedtofindamorechallengingone.A

contentB

interestedC

excitedD

anxious（12）单选题.InChinamalesaregivensubtle,sometimes______preferenceineducation,jobselectionandpromotion.A

evidentB

obviousC

distinctD

intentional（13）单选题.Georgewasvery______；wewouldnothavedoneagoodjobwithouthim.A

helpfulB

beneficialC

significantD

friendly（14）单选题.Thefingerprintsofnotwopersonsare______.A

identicalB

equivalentC

equalD

similar（15）单选题.IfonlyI’dtaken_____frommymother,Iwouldn’tbeinsuchadifficultiesnow.A

heartB

councilC

accountD

counsel（16）单选题.Thisisareallytough_____,andIbelieveTedistheonlypersonwhocanhandleit.A

responsibilityB

assignmentC

positionD

selection（17）单选题.Itryto_____myfriendshipwithSarah,butit’sdifficulttokeeparelationshipgoingwhenweareseparatedbysuchalongdistance.A

maintainB

respondC

reviseD

deprive（18）单选题.Hewas_____admissionoftherestaurantfornotwearingatie.A

deniedB

grantedC

acquiredD

appealed（19）单选题.Thatrestaurantdoesn’tacceptreservationsforsmallgroups.The_____numberofpeopleinyourpartymustbefive.A

vagueB

complexC

currentD

minimum（20）单选题.Allthestaffmembersareencouragedto_____inthedecisionmakingprocess.A

participateB

sendC

competeD

fill（21）单选题Youshouldn’tallowyourjobto_____yourlifelikethat.A

guideB

ruleC

overlookD

dominate（22）单选题.Robert’s_____oflifeislargelyaresultofhisstricteducation.A

philosophyB

sceneC

sightD

expectation（23）单选题.Medical_____showsthatmenaremorelikelytohaveheartattacksthanwomen.A

evidenceB

traceC

indicationD

symbol（24）单选题.Somecriticshave_____thatthefilmlacksoriginality.A

explainedB

commentedC

claimedD

announced（25）单选题.Weaskallex-traineestoprovideuswitha(n)_____ofthecoursestheytook.A

appreciationB

evaluationC

realisationD

admiration（26）单选题.Theimportanceofinteriordesignbecomes______whenwerealizehowmuchtimewespendsurroundedbyfourwalls.A

attractiveB

appropriateC

evidentD

obscure（27）单选题.Mysisterdoesn’tcaremuchaboutthecolourofwhatshewears,butsheisvery______aboutthestyle.A

particularB

peculiarC

specialD

unusual（28）单选题.Toone’sboss,anemployeeshoulddressneatly,be______andshowinterestinthejob.A

instantB

timelyC

punctualD

quick（29）单选题.Hewas______enoughtolosehisjobwhenthebabywasdue.A

unfortunateB

sadC

upsetD

uneasy（30）单选题.Thepriceofthesecond-handpianoisrelatively______recently.A

cheapB

expensiveC

costlyD

low（31）单选题.Theyare______thattheriverwouldflood.A

fearfulB

terribleC

awfulD

crazy（32）单选题.Freshairis______togoodhealth.A

fundamentalB

elementaryC

basicD

important（33）单选题.Itisvitalthatfoodandshelteraremade______forpeopleintheflood-strickenarea.A

freeB

usefulC

availableD

usable（34）单选题.Thosewhodo______laborshouldberegardedthesameasthosewhodomentallabor.A

visualB

painfulC

vividD

physical（35）单选题.Themost______thinginthisisthatoneisnotallowedtousehisnativelanguageonhisnativeland.A

laughableB

ridiculousC

funnyD

reasonable（36）单选题.Itis______thatJapanproducesfinecameras.A

famousB

remarkableC

popularD

well-known（37）单选题.Mr.Wrightwasthe______president.A

previousB

beforeC

latterD

former（38）单选题.It’s______ofhertorefusetoadmitthatsheiswrong；sheisverystubborn.A

characteristicB

peculiarC

specificD

particular（39）单选题.Iamvery______toyouforyourhelp.A

thankfulB

pleasedC

agreeableD

grateful（40）单选题.Aftercriminalswerecaught,theywereaccusedandputon______.A

trialB

sentenceC

deathD

torture（41）单选题.The______careofthebodyrequiresanunderstandingofitsneeds,allowingforvariationsresultingfromclimate,ageoroccupation.A

properB

tenderC

warmD

mild（42）单选题.Aftertherecentbombattacks,thepublicarebeingwarnedtobe______atalltimes.A

afraidB

awakeC

alertD

ashamed（43）单选题.Abalanceddietisachievedbyan______amountoffoodoneeats.A

extraB

enoughC

extraordinaryD

appropriate（44）单选题.The______concernofChinatodayistodevelopitseconomy.A

primitiveB

originalC

elementaryD

primary（45）单选题.Thethreeboysweregivenworkaccordingtotheir______abilities.A

respectfulB

respectableC

respectiveD

responsible（46）单选题Itisthebusinessofthepolicetopreventanddetectcrimeandofthelawcourtstopunish______.A

crimeB

offenceC

sinD

fault（47）单选题PrincessDianaalwayswearsbeautiful______.A

clothingB

clothC

clothesD

dress（48）单选题Theclubwasorganizedonavoluntary______.A

baseB

basisC

foundationD

reason（49）单选题.Hesettleddownathisdesktoworkouttheexact______.A

figuresB

numbersC

fatigueD

calculation（50）单选题.Atfirstitseemedthatthebuildingwouldbeallrightbutlateritwasfoundtoneed_____.A

illustrationsB

innovationsC

modificationsD

installations（51）单选题.Magnificentviewsoverthecountrysidehaveoften_____peopletowritepoems.A

persuadedB

convincedC

inducedD

attracted（52）单选题.Theplanislikelytomeetwiththe______oftheminister.A

approvalB

agreementC

permissionD

approach（53）单选题Wecanonlygiveyouthe_____numberofrefugeescrossingtheborderatthemoment.A

imaginaryB

impartialC

approximateD

obscure（54）单选题Throughexposuretoair,water,andorganicmatter,rocks_____changesknownasweathering.A

transformB

undergoC

undertakeD

suspend（55）单选题.Theofficewasinastateof______,andhecouldn’tfindathingthathelookedfor.A

disorderB

sequenceC

orderD

confusion（56）单选题.Manynewcomerscomplainoftherapid______oflifeinHongKong.A

speedB

growthC

paceD

rate（57）单选题.Walkingdownthestreet,shenoticedalong_____ofhouses,allexactlyalike.A

rowB

trainC

rankD

queue（58）单选题.Insomecitiesitisverydifficulttohaveatelephone_____,andpeoplehavetowaitalongtimebeforetheycangetaphone.A

repairedB

equippedC

installedD

assembled（59）单选题._____upchildrenproperlyismainlytheirparents'duty.A

RaisingB

BringingC

RearingD

Growing（60）单选题.People_____withanyonewhoisalwaystalkingabouthowwonderfulheis.A

catchupB

keepcompanyC

getfedupD

fallin（61）单选题Part2:Cloze(20%)Passage1WhatdowemeanbyaperfectEnglishpronunciation?Tosomedegree,thereareas(61)differentkindsofEnglishastherearespeakersofit.Notwospeakersspeakitinexactlythesame(62).Wecanalwaysheardifferencesbetweenthem,andthepronunciationofEnglishvariesagreatdealindifferent(63).HowdowedecidewhatsortofEnglishtouse(64)amodel?Thisisnotaquestionthatcanbe(65)inthesamewayforallforeignlearnersofEnglish.IfyouliveinapartoftheworldlikeIndiaorWestAfrica,wherethereisalongtraditionofspeakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurposes,youshould(66)agoodvarietyofthepronunciationofthisarea.Itwouldbea(67)heretouseasamodelBBCEnglishoranythingofthesort.(68),ifyouliveinacountrywherethereisnotraditionaluseofEnglish,youmusttakeasyourmodelsomeformof(69)Englishpronunciation.Itdoesn’t(70)verymuchwhichformyouchoose.ThemostimportantthingtodoistotakeasyourmodelthesortofEnglishyoucanhearmostoften.61.A

greatB

moreC

manyD

much（62）单选题.A

categoryB

sortC

typeD

way（63）单选题.A

areasB

partsC

classesD

spaces（64）单选题.A

likeB

asC

forD

of（65）单选题.A

askedB

answeredC

givenD

solved（66）单选题.A

haveB

arrangeC

speakD

acquire（67）单选题.A

mistakeB

wrongC

faultD

waste（68）单选题.A

OntheonehandB

OntheotherhandC

ForonethingD

Foranother（69）单选题.A

nationalB

professionalC

nativeD

intensive（70）单选题.A

observeB

aidC

adaptD

matter（71）单选题Passage2OnApril1st,acountrybuswasgoingalongawindingroadwhenitsloweddownandstopped.Thedriver(71)turnedonswitchesandpressedbuttons,butnothinghappened.Thenhe(72)thepassengerswithaworriedlookonhisfaceandsaid,“Thispoorbusisgettingold.Itisnotgoingaswellasit(73).Thereisonlyonethingtodoifwewanttogethometoday.Ishallcountthree,and(74)theword‘three’,Iwantyoualltoleanforwardassuddenlyasyoucan.Thatshouldgetthebus(75)again,butifitdoesnotwork,IamafraidthereisnothingelseIcando.Now,allofyou(76)backasfarasyoucaninyourseatsandgetready.”Thepassengersall(77)pressedbackagainsttheirseatsandwaitedanxiously.Thenthedriverturnedtohisfrontandasked,“Areyouready?”Thepassengershardlyhadenough(78)toanswer,“Yes.”“One!Two!Three!”countedthedriver.Thepassengersallswungforwardsuddenly——andthebusstartedupatagreatrate.The(79)breathedmoreeasilyandbegantosmilewithrelief.Buttheirsmileturnedto(80)andthendelightedlaughterwhenthedrivermerrilycried,“AprilFool!”71.A

hurriedlyB

impatientlyC

anxiouslyD

elegantly（72）单选题.A

turneddownB

turnedinC

turnedupD

turnedto（73）单选题.A

usedtoB

wasusedtoC

everdidD

wasableto（74）单选题.A

atB

withC

uponD

against（75）单选题.A

maintainedB

repairedC

servedD

started（76）单选题.A

layB

leanC

queueD

resort（77）单选题.A

objectivelyB

normallyC

obedientlyD

passively（78）单选题.A

strengthB

courageC

purposeD

breath（79）单选题.A

driverB

passengersC

crewD

companions（80）单选题.A

surpriseB

cryC

interestD

pain（81）单选题Part3:ReadingComprehension(20%)Passage1ThisisanopenlettertothethreepeoplewhostolemyhandbagfromthedepartmentstoreIamemployedasashopassistant.Whenyoutookmybag,Idon’tknowwhatyouthoughtyouweregoingtoget.Withmywages,there'snotmuchleftonaTuesday.Ihopethe￡5wasusefultoyou.Ihaveinformedthesocialsecurityofficesoyouwon’tbeabletocashthechildbenefitnextweek.Ihopethatwon'tleaveyoutooshort.Butifyoureallyneedacoupleofpounds,Isupposeyoucouldalwayscashoneofthetwochecksleftinmycheckbook.Ofcourse,Iphonedthebankrightawayandthecheck-cashingcardisnolongervalid,soitwon’tbemuchusetoyou.ActuallyIdon’tmindaboutthemoneytoomuch.Wesingleparentswhoworktosupportourfamiliesunderstandonlytoowellwhatitmeanstobeshortofcash.However,Idon’tsupposeitwentveryfaramongthethreeofyou.Sorryaboutthat!Iwishyouhadleftthebagbehindandjusttakenthewalletandcheckbook.Therewereallkindsofpapersinit,andnotesandthingsthatIreallyneed.Ireallythinkthatwasveryinconsiderateofyou.Imean,howwouldyoulikesomethinglikethattohappentoyou?Well,perhapsthebagwillturnup.Itwasn’tevenanexpensiveone,justaplain,oldbrownleathershoulderbag.Youprobablydumpeditinthenearestrubbishbinorthrewitintothebushes.We'velookedaround,ofcourse,butnoonesawwhichwayyouwentafteryoulefttheshop.I'mnotreallyangrywithyou.Iknowhowthepressuresofmodernlivingcanaffectus,butIamsadatthelossofmypersonalthings.Ifeelviolatedandhelpless.Thepolicewereveryicy,andtheyjustshruggedtheirshoulders.“Ithappensallthetime,”theytoldme.Somesmallcomfort,Isuppose.ButI’velostjustalittlemorefaithinhumannature.AndasmyyoungsonsaidwhenItoldhimwhathadhappened,“Why?Mummy,whyus?”Icouldn'tanswerthatquestion.Iwonderifyoucan.(384words)81.Thewriterwrotethisletterprobablybecauseshewantedto_____.A

bringattentiontotheinconveniencethelossofherbaghascausedB

tellpeopletobecarefulinthedepartmentstoreC

complainaboutwhathashappenedtoherinthedepartmentstoreD

givethethreethievesaseriouswarning（82）单选题.Whichofthefollowingitemismorevaluabletothewriter?A

Cashinherbag.B

Thehandbagitself.C

Chequebooksinthebag.D

Allkindsofpapersandnotesinthebag.（83）单选题.Fromthepolice’sresponsewecansaythat_____.A

theymaythinkshehasn’tlostmuchB

theycan’tfindthethievesforherC

thereislittlehopeoffindingthebaganywayD

theydon’ttakeitseriously,assuchcaseshappenquiteoften（84）单选题.Thewriterseemsto_____.A

feelshamefulforthethievesB

feelangryatthethievesC

feelsadatlosinghermoneyD

thinkthatthepolicearereallyunderstanding（85）单选题.Thetoneofthepassageis____.A

satiricB

seriousC

humorousD

funny（86）单选题Passage2“WhenyoucomebacktoEnglandfromanyforeigncountry,youhaveimmediatelythesensationofbreathingadifferentair.Eveninthefirstfewminutesdozensofsmallthingsconspiretogiveyouthisfeeling.Thebeerisbitterer,thecoinsareheavier,thegrassisgreener,theadvertisementsaremoreblatant.Thecrowdsinthebigtowns,withtheirmildknobbyfaces,theirbadteethandgentlemanners,aredifferentfromaEuropeancrowd.”Orwellwasright;Englandisdifferent,too.InEnglandeventhepolicemenarepolite.TheEnglishdon’tlikeanyonewhohasbadmanners,althoughtheycanbeveryrudethemselvesattimes.Theyareveryfriendly–andyettheyarefamousfortheirreserve.YoumightfindEnglishconversationdeadlydull,whileothersfindtheEnglishthewittiestnationunderthesun.Onethingyouwillnoticestraightaway:perfectstrangerswillsay“goodmorning”toyouandstarttalkingabouttheweather.WhenyouwalkintoashopinEngland,theshopkeeperwillsay“Goodmorning”or“Goodafternoon”andwhenyougohewillsay“Goodbye”.Bytheway,Idon’tthinkthelocalnewsagenthasfalleninlovewithyouifhecallsyou“dear”or“love”.Heisjustbeingfriendly.Asarulepeoplearenothostileoraggressivetowardsstrangers.Ifyoubumpintosomeoneinthestreets,heorsheisboundtosay“Sorry”.It’sasiftheEnglishwereterriblyafraidofoffending.Soevenifit’snotyourfault,theywillsaysorry–justtobeonthesafeside.“Sorry”isoneofthefewwordsyoucannotdowithoutinEngland;youwillneeditatleasttwentytimesaday.Apartfrom“sorry”,thetwomostimportantwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“please”and“thankyou”.Youmustknowthemandusethem–unlessyouwanttobethoughtrude.Englishpeopleenjoytalking.Whereveryouare,youwon’tfindithardtogettalkingtopeople.Ifyouwanttostartaconversation,starttalkingabouttheweather.TheweatheristheEnglishman’sfavoritetopicofconversation.Afterdiscussingthesunandrain,peoplecanthenmoveontoothertopics–iftheywantto.(378words)86.Accordingtothewriter,mostEnglishpeople____.A

nevershowtheirfeelingsB

havethewittiestmindC

aredifferentfromoneanotherD

arepoliteandfriendly（87）单选题.Theword“perfect”canbebestreplacedby____.A

excellentB

completeC

kindD

exact（88）单选题.Whenthelocalnewsagentcallsyou“dear”or“love”,he_____A

justwantstobefriendlyB

isjusttryingtobepoliteC

hasfalleninlovewithyouD

hasregardedyouasagoodfriend（89）单选题.Ifyoudon’twanttobethoughtrudeinEngland,youhaveto____.A

saysorryevenifit’snotyourfaultB

say“goodmorning”toperfectstrangersC

keepusing“sorry”,“please”and“thankyou”D

use“sorry”,“please”and“thankyou”twentytimesaday（90）单选题.Theweatheris____.A

somethingimportantintheEnglishlanguageB

theEnglishman’suniquetopicofconversationC

thestartingtopicforpeopletomoveontoothertopicsD

somethingforyoutostartaconversationwithanEnglishman（91）单选题Passage3Behindthephrase,“keepingupwiththeJoneses”,liesahumanstorythatisfound,inoneformoranother,ineverycountryoftheworld.IntheUnitedStatesmanyhavebeentoldthatanyonecanbecomerichandsuccessfulifheworkshardandhassomegoodluck.Yes,gettingrichcreatessomeproblems.Whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.That'swhat“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.Itisthestoryofsomeonewhotriestolookasrichandassuccessfulashisneighbors.Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byastrugglingyoungAmericanbythenameofArthurMomand.Hetoldthestoryabouthimself:Hebeganearning$125aweekattheageof23.Thatwasalotofmoneyinthosedays.YoungMomandwasveryproudofhisriches.HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodonLongIsland,outsideNewYorkCity.Butjustmovingtherewasnotenough.ForwhenMomandandhiswifesawthattheirneighborsbelongedtoacountryclubtheytoojoinedacountryclub.Andwhenhesawthatrichpeoplewereexpectedtoridehorses,Momandwenthorsebackridingeveryday.Momandandhiswifealsohiredaservantandgaveverygrandpartiesfortheirnewneighbors.Itwaslikearace,butonecouldneverfinishthisracebecauseonewasalwaystryingtokeepup.Momandandhiswifecouldnotdothat.Theraceendedforthemwhentheycouldnolongerpayfortheirnewwayoflife.TheylefttheirwealthyneighborhoodandmovedbacktoaninexpensiveNewYorkapartment.Momandlatersaidthathisexperiencehadbeenacruelawakeningforhim.Neverthelss,hewasabletoseethefunnysideofit.Helookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmanypeopledothingsjusttokeepupwiththeirneighbors.Hedecidedthatthiswouldmakeagoodcomicseriesfornewspapers.Soin1913hestartedwritingoneappearedinmanypapersacrossthecountry.Hecalledit“KeepingUpwiththeJoneses”,because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”cametomeankeepingupwiththepeoplearoundyou.Momand'sseriesappearedindifferentnewspapersacrossthecountryforover28years.PeopleneverseemtogettiredofkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Thatisonereasonwhytheyreadthe“right”books,gotothe“right”universitiesandeatinthe“right”restaurants.Everycityhasanareawherepeoplewanttolivebecauseotherswillthinkbetterofthemiftheydo.Andthereare“Joneses”ineverycityoftheworld.ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJoneses,becausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.(530words)91.WhydopeoplewanttobekeepingupwiththeJoneses?A

Theywanttoappearsuccessfuleveniftheyarenot.B

Theyonlywanttolookasrichandsuccessfulasanybodyelse.C

Theywanttoworkhardinordertobecomerichandsuccessful.D

Theywantpeopletoknowthattheyarerich.（92）单选题.ThemainreasonforMomand’smovingtoLongIslandisthat____.A

hewantstojoinacountryclub.B

hewantstocatchupwithhiswealthyneighborsC

heenjoysthepartiesgivenbysomewealthyfamiliesD

itiseasierforhimtogohorsebackridingeveryday（93）单选题.MomandmovedbacktoaNewYorkapartmentasaresultof____.A

lackingmoneytokeepuptheraceB

wantingtosavemoneyforotherpurposesC

gettingtiredofcomparingwithhiswealthyneighborsD

realizingthatshowingoffhisrichesismeaningless（94）单选题.Inthepassage,“theJoneses”mayreferto_____.A

onespecialfamilyinNewYorkB

theauthorofthepassageC

thepeoplewholivearoundyouD

onetypeofpeoplewhoenjoyscomparingwiththeothers（95）单选题.Theauthorsuggeststhat_____.A

onecanneverkeepupwiththeothersB

oneshouldalwaysdothe“right”thingsC

itissillytotrytokeepupwiththeneighborsD

onewillthinkbetterofhimselfwhenhedoesthe“right”thing（96）单选题Passage4AU.S.malebroughtupontheEastCoastofAmericastandseighttotwentyinchesawayfromanothermalewheninconversation.Intalkingtoawomanhewillincreasethedistancebyaboutfourinches.Tostandatadistanceofaboutthirteeninchesusuallyhasasexualoraggressiveconnotation.However,inmostpartsofLatinAmericathirteeninchesisjusttherightdistancewhentalkingwithaperson.WhenamanbroughtupinaLatinAmericanenvironmenttriestotalktoamanbroughtupontheEastCoastoftheUnitedStatesaninterestingthinghappens.TheLatinwilltrytomaintainwhatheconsiderstherighttalkingdistance.TheAmericanwillstepback.Bothwillfeeluncomfortablewithoutquiteunderstandingwhy.Alltheyknowisthatthereissomethingwrongwiththeotherone.Mostculture-blindLatinsfeelthattheAmericansarewithdrawnanduncommunicative.Mostculture-blindAmericansthinkthatLatinsarepushy.InmostAmericanurbanareas,tobetwominuteslateforanappointmentisallright.Threeminutesissignificant,butanapologyisnotexpected.Afterfiveminutesthelatercomermuttersanapology.InmostLatincountriesafive-minuteunitisnotimportant,anapologyisexpectedonlyforatimeunitlongerthantwentyminutes.Latins,influencedbytheirownculturalconditioning,feelthatAmericansarenotpoliteandareobsessedwithtimebecausetheyexpectpersonswithwhomtheyhaveappointmentstobeatacertainplaceatpreciselyagiventime.ApersonunfamiliarwithNorthAmericanculturalconditioninghasdifficultyrealizingthatAmericanshandletimemuchlikesometangiblematerial–spendingit,takingit,usingituporwastingit.Differentpeoplelivealmostliterallyindifferentworlds,notjustthesameworldwithdifferentnamesattached.Thebarriersbetweencultureswouldperhapsberelativelyunimportantifonlyafewpeoplewerecrossinginternationalborders.Butpeopletheworldoverareonthemovetodayasneverbefore,travelingforbusinessandmoreforseeingandexperiencingotherwaysoflife.Allthishasitsobviousbenefits.Atthesametime,however,therearesomedangers,particularlyforapersonwhoplanstospendanyappreciableamountoftimeinanotherculture.Oneofthesedangersisthesenseofconfusionandmisunderstandingthatsocialpsychologistscallcultureshock.Apersonwhoentersaforeigncultureordinarilypassesthroughthreephasesofadjustment.First,heisaspectator;heobserveswhatisgoingonaroundhimbutdoesnotparticipate.Second,hebecomepersonallyinvolvedinthewaysoftheforeigncultureandtriestocometotermswiththem.Finally,eitherhewillhavemasteredthenewsituationandwillgetalongsmoothlyinthenewcultureorhewillrealizethathisowncultureistheonlyworkableoneforhim.Inthefirstphase,thatofspectator,theinitialreactiontoanewcountryislikelytobeoneofcuriosityanddelight.Everythinglooksinteresting.However,afewweeks’timechangeone’sperceptionoftheenvironment.Livinginacountryisquitedifferentfromjustvisitingit.Asthepersonbeginstomoveintothesecondandmostdifficultphase,thatofparticipationandpersonalinvolvementintheunfamiliarculture,hebecomesawareofthedifferencesthatexistbetweenhimselfandthepeoplewithwhomheisliving.Thesituationswhich,inhisfirstphaseasspectator,wereinterestingarenowincomprehensibleandperhapsevenunpleasant.Hefeelsthathecan’tgetthroughtothemandhebecomesuneasyandinsecurebecausehedoesn’tknowtherightwayofdoingthings.Cultureshockisprecipitatedbythedistressingfeelingsofuncertaintyandanxietythatresultfromnotfindingallthefamiliarsymbols,signs,andcuesthatguideapersonthroughherownculture.Shefindsherselfhavingtouseadifferentdesignforliving.Shedoesn’tknowwhatpeopleexpectofherandwhatsheshouldexpect.Sheisnotsurewhentoshakehands,howmuchtotip,wheretobuythingssheneeds,orwhattosaytowaiters,andshefindsthatthesocialetiquetteshehaslearnedisnolongeruseful.Cultureshockisoftenaccompaniedbyalinguisticshockthatmakesitevenmoredifficulttocrosstheculturalbarriers.WhenIwassufferinglinguisticshock,Englishsentencewouldsoundtomelikealong,unpronounceablestringofharshnoises.AtthattimeIdeeplyregrettedthatIhadchosentolearnEnglishinsteadofsomesensiblelanguage.Icouldn’tseewhytheEnglishpeoplehadtousetheseodd,barbaricutterances