高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit-3ppt课件

.,高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE,.,2,Unit3,LeisureActivity,.,Content,StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject,.,Task1WorkingroupstointerpretandcommentonthequotationsaboutleisureonPage64.,Startingout,.,Tobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization.ArnoldToynbeeBritisheconomichistorianandsocialreformerInterpretation:Thequotationimpliesthathowtospendleisuretimeinasmartwayareamirrorofhowcivilizedasocietyis.,StartingoutTask1,.,2.Leisureisthetimefordoingsomethinguseful.Thisleisurethediligentpersonwillobtain;thelazyonenever.BenjaminFranklinAmericanscientist,publisheranddiplomatInterpretation:Whetheronecanbenefitfromleisuretimeornotdependslargelyonyourattitude.Ifyouarehardworking,thenyoumaytakefulladvantageofyourtimetopromoteself-development;butifyouarelazy,chancesarethatyouwontspendyourleisuretimegettingdowntosomethinguseful.,StartingoutTask1,.,3.Therealdividinglinebetweenthingswecallworkandthethingswecallleisureisthatinleisure,howeveractivewemaybe,wemakeourownchoicesandourowndecisions.Wefeelforthetimebeingthatourlifeisourown.WilliamRaymondBritishnovelistandcriticInterpretation:Thesubstantialdifferencebetweenworkandleisureconsistsintheextentofautonomy.Itappearsthatduringleisuretimeoneisentitledtochoosehisownwayenjoyhistimetothefullestwhereasintheworkplaceoneisrequiredtocomplywithrulesandregulations.,StartingoutTask1,.,4.Itisinhispleasurethatamanreallylives;itisfromhisleisurethatheconstructsthetruefabricofself.AgnesRepplierAmericanessayistandbiographerInterpretation:Onecanderivethetruemeaningoflifefrompleasureandhappiness.Butwhatmakesapersonwhoheisdependsonhowhespendshisleisuretime.,StartingoutTask1,.,5.Thosewhodecidetouseleisureasameansofmentaldevelopment,wholovegoodmusic,goodbooks,goodpictures,goodcompany,goodconversation,arethehappiestpeopleintheworld.Andtheyarenotonlyhappyinthemselves,theyarethecauseofhappinessinothers.WilliamLyonPhelpsAmericaneducatorInterpretation:Ifyouwanttopursuehappiness,thenyoushouldspendyourleisuretimeinapositiveway,whichishelpfultoenhancingyourmentaldevelopment.Ifyouarehappy,itislikelythatyouwillbringhappinesstoothers.,StartingoutTask1,.,Task2Matchtheclassiclinewithitscorrespondingmovie.(P64)Key:2)3)4)5)6),E,C,A,F,B,D,StartingoutTask2,.,Task2Iswatchingmoviesyourfavoriteleisureactivity?Whichgenreofmoviesdoyoulikebest?(P64)Usefulwordsandexpressions:documentary;literaryfilm;anime;musical;comedy;draculamovie/horrormovie/thriller;swordsmenfilm;actionfilm;detectivefilm/whodunit;ethicalfilm;featurefilm;mysterytravelogue,etc,StartingoutTask2,.,RomanceattheMoviesRomanticmoviessurelyhaveawideappealfortheaudience.Nowwatchaninterviewaboutromanceatthemovies.Listencarefullyandcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.,Startingout,.,BriefEncounter(1945):Nothinggetsmore_thanthat.No,thisisnocategoryscript,DavidLynnsdirection.ItisamasterpieceofholdingbackandIthinksinceitwasmade_,itwasallabout_andkeepingthingstogetheranditsjustbrimmingwiththe_andtheunacted-upon._loveisthebestkind.,glamorous,duringWWII,sacrifice,unexpressed,Tortured,Startingout,.,TheLadyEve(1941):HarryFondalearnsthatBarbaraStanwickisbasicallyaskunk(讨厌鬼)andbutshe_sheissomebodyelseandhefallsinlovewithheragain.Andhelearnsthat,youknow,theyare_,buttheyareneverasbadasyouthinkeither.Theywere_.,trickshimintothinking,neverasgreatasyouthink,alljusthuman,Startingout,.,TrulyMadlyDeeply:BecausesheloveshimsomuchthatAlanRickmancomesbacktoJulietStevenson.Shesjustoneofthegreat_ofalltime.OneofthethingsIloveaboutthisisinpairingthesetwotogetheristhatinfactAlanRickmanand_sitaroundwatchingBriefEncounterontelevisionperfectlittleconnection.Itsjustwonderfulandinfactshedoeslearnto_and_inherlifewhoisliving.,cryingscenes,hisghostfriends,moveon,findanewlovelyman,Startingout,.,TheShopAroundTheCorner:ItwasamusicalSheLovesMe,abouttwopeoplewho_andhatedeachothersguts,butinfact,theyhadthiswholesecretlifeas_anditiswhenyoulearn,thatyouknow,the_isonething,the_isanotherthing.Andyouknow,itsallcrazyandmixed-upanditmakesupsense.,workedsidebyside,penpals,surface,soul,Startingout,.,EternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMind(2004):Itisreallyanemotionally_film.Theyhaveasurgerytohaveeachother_.Theyloatheeachother,but,no,theycometoloatheeachother,JimKerryandKateWinsletloatheeachotherandyetevenafterasurgerytopurge(purge:remove;getridof)the_,theycannotgetthemselves_.Sohereismydesignforliving,forin-and-outoflovewiththesamepersonallyourlife.,violent,removedfromeachother,memories,outoftheirheads,Startingout,.,WhyHarrysHot,ReadingFocus,.,ReadingFocus,.,ListentoatalkonJ.K.Rowling,theauthorofHarrybooks,andanswerthefollowingquestions.1)WhenwasJ.KRowlingbornandwhatwasherchildhooddream?2)WhendidtheideaofHarryPotterstrikeRowling?3)WhenwasthefirstHarrybookreleasedandwhatwasthetitleofthebook?4)Whenwasthefilmversionofthefirstbookreleased?5)WhatissaidaboutJ.KRowlingsmarriages?6)WhatproblemsdidtheHarrybooksencounter?,BackgroundInformation,.,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,(Paras.1-4),(Paras.5-9),(Para.10),.,Introduction,A.TheHarryPotterbooksappealtoanenormousnumberofpeople.Thefirstthreebookshaveearnedaconservativelyestimated$480millionin3years.HarryPotterandtheGobletofFirepromisestobreakallpreviousbooksellingrecords.InBritainandNorthAmerica,thousandsofchildrenrushedtoclaimtheircopieswhenHarryPotterandtheGobletofFirewasonsale.B.SomeparentsandconservativereligiousleadersdisapproveoftheHarryPotterbooksbecausetheythinkthatthesebooks_.Readingofthebookshasbeenchallengedin25schooldistrictsandthebookshavebeenbannedinschoolsinKansasandColorado.,TheHarryPotterbooksbyJ.K.Rowlinghaveachievedhugesuccessinspiteofchallenges.,advocatewitchcraft,Example1:,Example2:,Example3:,Example:,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,.,Authorscomment,A.TheHarryPotterbookshavemuchmerits:Theyarebeautifullycraftedworksofentertainment,theliterarycounterpartofStevenSpielberg.Theyamounttomuchmorethanjustthesumofpartsofchildrensclassic,andtheycanbereadbychildrenandadultswithequalpleasure.Thelanguageofthebooksmaybeunadorned,butthwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsisquirkyandoriginal.Adultsalsofindthebooksappealingbecauseofthedeepintellectualisminthem.B.AdisadvantageoftheHarryPotterbooksisanabsenceof_inthefirstfourbooks.,Example1:,Example2:,Example3:,aninterestingvillain,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,Example4:,.,Conclusion,Bothchildrenandadultsenjoyreadingthebooks.Thebooksintroduceyoungreaderstoaveryhighstandardofentertainment.,ThereiseveryreasontosaythatHarryPotterpossesses_.,A.,B.,alltheearmarksofaclassic,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,.,Task2,Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage.(P73),Key:2345678910,F,F,T,T,F,T,F,F,F,F,ReadingFocusDetailedInformation,.,CriticalThinking,ReadingFocus,.,StepOneInthetext,theauthorsaysthat“Rowlingsnovelsareprobablythebestbookschildrenhaveeverencounteredthathaventbeenthrustuponthembyanadult.”,Didyoureadanybookslikethatduringyourchildhood?Whatdidyouthinkofthem?,Workingroupsandtalkaboutthefavoritebooksorstoriesofyourchildhoods.,ReadingFocusCriticalThinking,.,StepTwoDiscussingroupsandworkoutalistofthefeaturesthatmakeachildrensbookaclassic.,ReadingFocusCriticalThinking,.,Withafirstprintingof5.3millioncopiesandadvanceorderstopping1.8million,HarryPotterandtheGobletofFire,thefourthinstallmentoftheseries,promisestobreakeverybooksellingrecord.(Para.1)installment:1)oneofthepartsofastorythatappearsasaseriesofparts,especiallyinamagazine,newspaper,etc.e.g.thefirstinstallmentofasciencefictiontrilogy2)Oneofanumberofsuccessivepaymentsinsettlementofadebt.e.g.*_(用分期付款的方式购物)hasbecomeepidemicinrecentyears.*Theyrelettingmepayforthewashingmachine_(按月付款地方式).,Buyinggoodsontheinstallmentplan,bymonthlyinstallments,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,2.Amazingly,Rowlingkeepsherseveralplotlinesclearofeachotheruntiltheend,whenshedeftlybringseverythingtogetherinacataclysmicconclusion.(Para.2)deftly:adv.deft:adj.movingquicklyandwithskill机敏的，灵巧的cataclysmic:sudden,shocking,andviolent突然的；骇人的；剧烈的e.g.Acataclysmiceventhadshakenherparentsmarriage.一场剧变动摇了她父母的婚姻。翻译：让人称奇的是，罗琳让每一册书的情节相互独立，但最后，她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来，形成一个意想不到的结局。,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,3.TheonlysournotesinallthesongsofjoyoverthisphenomenonhavecomefromparentsandconservativereligiousleaderswhosayRowlingadvocateswitchcraft.(Para.4)“notes”figurativelymeansaparticularqualityinsomeonesvoicethatshowshowtheyarefeeling.e.g.1)Therewasanoteofdoubtinhervoice.2)Itwasnotdifficultforhimtocatchthenoteofbitternessinmyvoice.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,4.ButperhapsthemostcuriousthingaboutthePotterphenomenon,especiallygiventhatitisallaboutbooks,isthatalmostnoonehastakenthetimetosayhowgoodorbadthesebooksare.(Para.5)“given”means“considering”.e.g.1)_(考虑到这样的情况),youvedonereallywell.2)Usually,Iamsensiblewithmoney,asIhavetobe,_(考虑到我没有赚那么多钱).,Giventhecircumstances,giventhatIearnthatmuch,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,5.Theresnotellingwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.(Para.5)Paraphrase:Itishardtotellwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext.e.g.很难说今晚谁会出现。Theresnotellingwhoisgoingtoshowuptonight.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,6.Herprosemaybeunadorned,butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent.(Para.7)unadorned;adorn;adornmente.g.1)Hishouseislavishly_.2)Japanesefoodisonthewholesuperb,oneofthe_oftheculture.3)Theroomistypicallysimpleand_,withwhitewallsandatiledfloor.,adorned,adornments,unadorned,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,7.Thebestwritersrememberwhatitisliketobeachildwithastonishingintensity.(Para.8)“withastonishingintensity”means“strongly”.Thissentencemeansthatthebestwritersarekeenlyawareofwhatistypicalofachild.e.g.WhenLouisisaloneheseeswithastonishingintensity,andwillwritesomewordsthatmayoutlastusall.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,8.Timeandagain,Rowlingarticulatesjusthowdefenselesseventhebravestchildrenoftenfeel.(Para.8)articulate(v.):1)expressyourideasorfeelingsinwordse.g.Manypeopleareunabletoarticulatetheunhappinesstheyfeel.2)berelatedandexiste.g.Thenewcourseisdesignedtoarticulatewiththecurrentdegreecourse.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,articulate(adj.):1)(ofaperson)goodatexpressingideasorfeelingsclearlyinwordse.g.1)Sheisahighlyarticulatewoman.2)Itgivesanarticulatedescriptionofthedrugseffect.2)(ofspeech)clearlyexpressedorpronouncede.g.Allwecouldhearwereloudsobs,butnoarticulatewords.Ant.:inarticulate,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,9.ButIdontthinkthebookswouldhavetheirbroadappealiftheywereonlyexcitingtalesofmagicaladventure,andIknowadultswouldnotfindthemsoenticing.(Para.8)Thissentenceisputinthesubjuntivemood.“havetheirbroadappeal”means“吸引这么广泛的群体”.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,appeal(n.):1)aqualitythatmakespeoplelikesomethingorsomeonee.g.1)这个岛屿有什么特别的吸引之处？Whatistheparticularappealofthisisland?2)Thefilmhasgreatappealforyoungaudiences.2)anurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.1)Alltheorganizationsinvolvedhavesenturgentappealstothegovernment,askingforextrafunding.2)Thegirlsfamilyhavemadeapublicappealforhelptotryandcatchherkiller.3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechangede.g.Hehaslodgedanappealagainstthesizeofthefine.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,appeal(v.):1)beattractivee.g.Theideaofworkingabroadreallyappealstome.2)makeanurgentrequestforsomethingimportante.g.Thepolicehaveappealedtoanyonewithinformationtocomeforwardandtalktothem.3)aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechangede.g.Appealingtotherefereedoesnotoftenresultinadecisionbeingchanged.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-,Task1Choosethesentenceinwhichtheunderlinedwordhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentencequotedfromthepassage.(P.75),A,B,A,B,B,B,C,A,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,.,Task2,1)Howdoesourproduct_thoseofourcompetitors?2)Mr.Jenkinsargumentsforstability_withEuropestwomostpowerfulpoliticians.,Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatephrasefromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.(P76),stackupagainst,struckachord,stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrustuponfadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,.,3)Thecourtdecidedthatthecompanysactions_unfairdismissal.4)Youcouldimprovethetreeby_someoftheupperbranches.5)Itincludestipsonhowtowriteforkidsandwhycertainstories_differentages.6)Hehaslearnedto_hissuperiorsmoodsandactaccordingly.,amountedto,choppingoff,stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrustuponfadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon,appealto,pickupon,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,.,7)Asit_,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.8)Sympathyfortherebels,thegovernmentclaims,isbeginningto_.9)We_researchersfromthreedifferentuniversitiestoworkontheproject.,turnedout,fadedaway,stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrustuponfadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon,broughttogether,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,.,10)Thisisthemostdelicatedealthatweveever_:wehavereasontobeproudofourselves.11)Ivehadthreeoftheneighborschildren_mefortheafternoon.12)Allexitsmust_baggage.,pulledoff,thruston,stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrustuponfadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon,bekeptclearof,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,.,Task3,ReadtheexcerptfromtheHarryPotterbooks,thenfillinthetenblanks.(P77),Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-,swirling,delivered,glowed,intervals,converge,wanderings,navigate,jealousy,presence,absorbed,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,.,PracticalTranslation,.,状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等。,状语从句的翻译:1.语序处理1)很多情况下，翻译状语从句时，语序仍可以遵循原文的语序;2)有时候，翻译状语从句时，可将其位置前移;2.转换译法在有些情况下，按照上下文的需要，在翻译某种状语从句时要将它译成其他类型的状语从句，使译文更符合汉语习惯。,状语从句的翻译,.,1.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,dishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameofart.当审查放宽时，招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘，在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。2.Thepoliciesopentodevelopingcountriesaremorelimitedthanforindustrializednationsbecausethepropereconomiesrespondlesstochangingconditionsandadministrativecontrol.由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些，政府对这种经济的控制作用也小一些，所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性。,在翻译时间状语从句时，遵循了原文的语序。,翻译时，将原因状语从句位置前移，符合汉语习惯。,.,3.Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.例如,他们(测试)并不对社会总的不平等作出补偿，因此，测试不能告诉我们，一个社会地位低下的年轻人如果生活在较为优越的条件下，会有多大的才能。4.Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio.电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要，而且现在人们认为电是想当然的事，所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时，就很少再去想一想电是怎么来的。,Thus是表示结果的副词，翻译时语序不变。,这里，将结果状语从句“suchthat/sothat”转移成原因状语从句，使语意更加清楚。,.,5.Theysethimfreewhenhisransomhadnotyetbeenpaid.虽然他还没有交赎金，但他们还是把他释放了。6.WhileIgranthishonesty,Isuspecthismemory.虽然我对他的诚实没有疑义，我对他的记忆力却感到怀疑。7.Nomatterwhatmisfortunebefellhim,healwayssquaredhisshouldersandsaid:“Nevermind,Illworkharder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事儿，他总是把胸一挺，说“没关系，我再加把劲儿。”,这里，将when引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句，语意更明确。,这里，将while引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句，更符合汉语习惯。,Nomatter引导的让步状语从句较符合汉语结构，翻译时语序和语义也无需替换。,.,8.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.尽管几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。,这里，将while引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句，更符合汉语习惯。,.,TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.Payparticularattentiontotheadverbialclauses.ParagraphOneWhatevertheexplanation,theideaofawork-lifebalanceisastapleofEuropeandiscourse,studiedinthinktanks,mulledoverbypolicymakers.IntheUS,theterm,whenitsusedatall,issaidwiththesortofsneerreservedforthosewhoeatquiche.Butitmightstillcatchon.WhenBillKellerwasnamedexecutiveeditoroftheNewYorkTimeslastweek,heencouragedthestafftodo“alittlemoresavoring”oflife,spendingtimewiththeirfamiliesorviewingart.,.,TranslationforReference:不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任纽约时报执行主编的比尔凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。,.,ParagraphTwoP.L.Travers,theauthoroftheMaryPoppinsbooks,putitbestwhenshewrote,“Youdonotchopoffasectionofyourimaginativesubstanceandmakeabookspecificallyforchildren,forifyouarehonestyouhave,infact,noideawherechildhoodendsandmaturitybegins.Itisallendlessandallone.”ThereisplentyforchildrenandadultstoenjoyinRowlingsbooks,startingwiththeirlanguage.Herprosemaybeunadorned,butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent.,.,TranslationforReference:欢乐满人间的作者帕梅拉林登特拉弗斯概括得精辟之极。她写到，“你不能把你想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它们互相连接、浑然一体。”在罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。也许她的文风朴实，但是她给人和物命名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。,.,DescriptiveEssays(2),FocusedWriting,.,DescribingprocessesandmechanismsInscientifi