英语写作ii 专四历年作文20090111

1,English Writing IIFeb.17, 2009April 18/25?, 2009 910 weeks to go.,1992My View on Reading Extensively1993My Idea of Becoming A Teacher in the Future1994TV: A Good Thing or A Bad Thing?1995Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend. (No title given),1996Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now, you have been asked by the Students Union to write a passage entitled: The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School LifeYou are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, state clearly what you think the main difference is between college and middle school life. In the second paragraph, state which life you prefer and why. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion. (注意上述要求,与后来新题型措辞上略有不同),1997Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students. You either agree or disagree with them: More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (Does No) Good to us,1998It is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) are a major source of air pollution in cities. Your are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem. One Way to Solve the ProblemYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, state one or two advantages of your suggestion.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. (注意这些要求!),1999We see advertisements on television everyday. Some people think that TV advertising brings as benefits, but others dont think so. What is your opinion?A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on TelevisionYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state just ONE major advantage or disadvantage of TV advertising.In the second paragraph, give one or two reasons to support your view.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.,2000 SECTION A COMPOSITION Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: College life should be varied and colourful. And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it. However, at present, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Write an article to the university radio entitled: The Importance of Extracurricular Activities In the first part of your article you should clearly present your view, and in the second part you should support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last paragraph you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.,2001 SECTION A COMPOSITIONTravel has become part of our life. And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience. Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Travel Broadens the Mind You are to write in three parts. In the first paragraph, state what the topic actually means to you. In the second paragraph, give one or two examples to illustrate your ideas. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.,2002SECTION A COMPOSITION Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy? Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: The Best Way To Stay Healthy You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state what you think is the best way.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.,2003 SECTION A COMPOSITIONPeople in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances. Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: The Importance of Keeping A Good Mood You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.,2004SECTION A COMPOSITIONNowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion? Write on answer sheet one a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.,2005SECTION A COMPOSITIONThe students Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. Write on answer sheet two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: My Idea of A University Arts FestivalYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your written to a natural conclusion or a summary.,2006 SECTION A COMPOSITION Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xian, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shenyang. The results have shown that 67% of the students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrows money today is better. What do you think? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words. You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state what your opinion is; in the second part, support your opinion with appropriate detail; in the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your composition. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.,2007 SECTION A COMPOSITIONNowadays the Internet has become part of peoples life, and millions of young people have made friends on line. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result a loss of marks.,15,2008. SECTION A COMPOSITION December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in need. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Benefits of Volunteering You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.,引言段的写作 The Introductory Part一篇短文的引言非常重要，其作用犹如段落的主题句。引言段的写作取决于写作目的，读者和文章体裁。一个好的引言既可开宗明义地点明主题，又可吸引并暗示读者正文的内容及表达方法以引导读者进行有效阅读。请看下面介绍的引言段的写作方法。,1、演绎法 (Deduction) 将主题句放在段首。开门见山推出文章主题，使读者对文章将要讨论的内容一目了然，然后列举文章所要讨论的细节。这些细节排列决定了文章的正文内容的安排，这符合人类从概念到具体的思维方式。 Top sentence-developing sentences (Top-down Pyramid)引言段：Example1: English is among the most difficult subjects to learn. First, English pronunciation is quite different from that of Chinese. Second, it has a large vocabulary. Finally, idioms are really troublesome. They are usually not grammatical, and even if they are grammatical, we may fail to arrive at their meanings.Note that the wording may still be bettered. We should learn more from its development of logic, or way of discourse, than its choice of words, or means of discourse.,Example2: Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. 练习1：Which Weighs More School Brand or Major? (也可自拟话题) The tension between school brand and major always seems unavoidable. School brand, namely the social reputation and acceptability of a school name unstoppably haunts the students when they are choosing where to study; while the major, or the subjects they are fond of, also looms large when they are deciding on which field to study. From my point of view, major should take precedence over school brand.练习2) Benefits of the Solar Energy The solar energy, as an alternative power source, is clean, practicable and inexhaustible. Its clean because no noxious gases are produced during consumption. Its practicable because it can be realized with rather convenient technology. Its inexhaustibility lies in the omnipresence and everlasting nature of sunshine.,2、归纳法 (Induction) (Inverted Pyramid)由一般性的背景介绍逐步过渡到文章主题句。这种安排符合人们从具体到概念的思维习惯，也就是从感性到理性的认识规律。Generalization conclusion or made at the end.引言段：Example1: With all the wealth, power, health standard, luxuries of life, and the abundance of food in the United States, it might be surprising to most people that American rank only sixth in the world in longevity of life. There are many reasons for this low record, but the main one has something to do with Americans eating habit.,Example2: Shopping is easy in a big city with an abundance of malls and supermarkets, and products of various kinds are within easy reach. Educational institutions, especially universities, also abound in big cities, offering shorter trip to schooling and better chance to enjoy public cultural resources. Business opportunities are rich in a big city, an ideal place for either job-hunting or company running. The advantages of city life, therefore, may include convenient shopping, easy access to educational institutions, and better business opportunities. Traffic in cities, however, is always characterized by congestion and noises, especially during the rush hours. It sometimes takes half an hour or more to get through the jam. Air pollution from factories and vehicles is another annoying aspect, posing an increasing threat to the health of city dwellers. Urban housing is a headache, with house price drastically rising. A growing number of people simply cannot afford a more spacious apartment. The disadvantages in a metropolis, therefore, may cover congested traffic, polluted air, narrow and expensive living space. All in all, ,练习：1) The Merits of ThriftinessA recent survey shows split views on the use of money. While many people indulge in conspicuous consumption, I embrace and enjoy the merits that thriftiness brings, namely a peaceful mind, a secured life, and a good social. These three aspects are to be related in what follows. 2）My View on Following the FashionOpinions on fashion-following vary considerably between the curious and susceptible young and the conservative and resistant old. This phenomenon, in my opinion, should be approached from a balanced perspective, and either side has its own normal share of justification. Reasons are given as follows:,3、设问法 (Question)即提出问题来引出文章主题，以吸引读者注意力。 引言段：Are you afraid of high places or water? If so, you suffer from one of the most common phobias, which are strong, persistent, but unreasonable fears. The fear of high places (Acrophobia) and water (Hydrophobia) are only two of the more than seven hundred phobias classified by psychologists.,练习：SHOULD COLLEGE STUDENTS BE ALLOWED TO GET MARRIED? Is a citizen naturally and unconditionally entitled to the right of marriage once he/she steps into the legal age? The issue of a new marriage regulation triggered a heated discussion. Some proponents base their argument on the legal age of marriage. Those against the decision mainly hold that the permission will affect college students academic life. As an opponent of the regulation, I base my viewpoint on the following reasons:,4、引用名言 (Quotation)即摘录或引用格言、名句或谚语作为文章开头。 引言段：The good old proverb, “Rome was not built in a day” reminds us that great things are never done without much time and labor. Rome, capital of the greatest empire in history and one of the most advanced cities nowadays, indeed was built through the labor of many great men who had strived against difficulties. 练习：Hard Life Is Good for ChildrenAn English proverb goes like this, “Spare the rod and spoil the child.” It implies that in order to enable a child to grow healthily, parents must make him eat bitter foods, do hard work and be sent to places where he can get the fullest knowledge and training.,5、定义法 (Definition)当所论述的主题的基本概念比较抽象或读者不太熟悉时，通常用定义法做必要的解释说明。 引言段：Example 1: Intelligence refers to a mans ability to understand and learn. It may vary from person to person. Some people may become more intelligent while others may be less. “Green Olympics”?Example 2: The concept of Green Olympics, a brand-new ideal advocated by the Chinese Olympic Committee in its preparation for the contest proper in 2008, entails the adoption of whatever means possible to make our land greener, water cleaner, and air fresher. This green philosophy, in my opinion, is of great necessity that mainly stems from the following two reasons,练习1）：The Importance of Quality-Oriented EducationIn contrast with the traditional methodology, the Quality-Oriented Education (QOE) features more emphasis on creativity, academic access, and problem-solving skills of students. These three aspects are both manifestations of the importance of QOE and its direction of future development.练习2）One Way to Curb Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency usually refers to the serious mistakes, offences or even crimes committed by people who have not reached adulthood. It has inflicted increasingly destructive impact on our society. One way I propose to help ease children violence is ,6、数据 (Data)列举醒目的数据或资料来引起读者的注意，然后进入主题。在图表作文中常常引用数据作为文章的开头。 引言段：Example1: The two graphs show the daily water intake and output which each totals about 2500CC. Exampel2: Seen from the bar chart, the volumes of production and export of mobile phone have increased sharply from 1998 to 2001. Why are mobile phones becoming so popular?,练习：2006 SECTION A COMPOSITION Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xian, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shenyang. The results have shown that 67% of the students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrows money today is better. What do you think? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words. You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state what your opinion is; in the second part, support your opinion with appropriate detail; in the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your composition. (因是首段,故不必写的太长,不超过50到60字)A recent survey shows split views on the use of money. As far as I am concerned, saving money best suits me and renders me the greatest enjoyment. And there are numerous merits for being thrifty.,总结 Summery Note: Usually a combination of methods may be used. See what are the methods used? e.g.: Example: According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 15% in 2001. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses. What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. Data, Question, Induction.练习 按要求写出下列作文题的引言段： （任何一种方法，或者多种方法综合运用）题目：How to Cope in Time of Adversity?,结尾段的写作 The Concluding Part文章的结尾段与引言段同样重要。引言段是文章主题的提要，结尾段则是对文章的归纳和总结。它可再次吸引读者并给读者留下深刻印象。结尾段的写作方式也取决于文章的类型，常见的结尾段的写作方法有以下几种：,1、重申主题 (Thematic reiteration) 重申主题，即再次强调和肯定文章引言段中阐述的中心思想，是一种极为普遍的结尾方式。 结尾段： There is enough evidence showing how invalid the certificate is in evaluating the overall abilities and qualities of an applicant and therefore, we should consider many other facets of an applicants qualifications rather than feeling satisfied with just the paper certificate. 练习：My View on Following the FashionIt is clear then that fashion following is not necessarily an evil, but should be done in a rational manner: to keep pace with the times while staying away from what is morally and materially improper for us for the time being.,2、归纳文章要点，加深读者印象 ( Roundup of key points)即将前面各段中所讨论的内容缩写、归纳和整理，进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。 结尾段：In my opinion, a balance of these two kinds of activities might be more useful to those who live