初中英语短文填空答题指导.ppt

短文填空答题指导&训练,ByMsWuYingfen,一、短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试学生的理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等掌握情况的一种形式。短文填空是中考试题里一个比较难的项目，究其原因有以下：1、考点不明确：凡涉及到英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。2、内容包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等有可能考到。,短文填空要求学生在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合短文内容和语法规则的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做短文填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。,二、短文填空解题思路1、跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。,3、三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。,三、做短文填空题的注意之处1、语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。2、要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。,3、填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4、有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。,ExerciseOne,Abarber(理发师)wasworkingwhenamancameinwithaboyafterhim.Thebarberwasaskedtogivehimashave(刮脸)andthe1_ahaircut(理发).2_themanhadhisshave,he3_thebarberthathewouldliketogodownthestreetforadrinkwhenthebarbercuttheboys4_.Themanalsopromisedthathewouldbeback5_.It6_thebarberlongtogivetheboyahaircut.Anotherhalfanhour7_andtheboywasstillwaiting.Intheend,thebarberaskedtheboy8_hisfatherwasawaysolong.Theboytoldthebarberthatthemanwasnothis9_atall.Hesaidhemethiminthestreetandwasaskedifhewouldliketohaveahaircut.He10_andfollowedthemanhereforahaircut.,hair,soon,passed,why,father,agreed,After,told,boy,took,ExerciseTwo,Everydaysomepeoplearekilledwhiletheyarecrossingtheroad.Mostofthemareoldpeopleand1_.Oldpeopleareoftenkilled2_theycantseeorhearverywell.Childrenareoftenkilledbecausetheyarenot3_enough.Theyforgettolookandlistenbeforethey4_theroad.Acarorabuscantstopquickly.Ifitisgoingvery5_,itwilltravelmanymetres6_itstops.Somepeopledontalwaysunderstandthis.They7_acarcanstopinafewmetres.Itisdifficultto8_howfastacarismoving.Theonlywaytocrosstheroadssafelyistolook9_ways,rightandleft.Theniftheroadsareempty,you10_cross.,because,children,fast,think,careful,cross,before,know,both,can,ExerciseThree,Manyyearsago,anEnglishfamilylivedinChina.Oneevening,animportantChineseofficercameto1_them.Itgotlaterandlater,andhe2_didntgo,thehostesshadtoinvitehimtohave3_withthem.Butshehadverylittle4_inthehouse,soshewenttothekitchenandspoketoherChinesecook.Thecooksaid,“Itisallright.Youwillhaveaverygooddinner.”Aftertheyallsatdowntoeat,theladywasvery5_becausetherewaslotsofgoodfoodonthe6_.Aftertheofficer7_,thehostessrantothekitchenandaskedthecook,“8_didyoumakesuchagoodmealinhalfanhour?”“I9_makeit,madam,”hesaid,“Iaskedoneoftheservants(仆人)togototheChineseofficershouse,andhe10_backtheChineseofficersdinner.”,visit,left,How,didnt,brought,still,dinner,food,surprised,table,ExerciseFour,Lighttravelsataspeed(速度)of300,000kilometersinasecond.Itsaboutamilliontimes1_thanthatofsound,forsoundtravelsonly3402_inasecond.Youcanunderstandthisbigdifference3_watchingthestartofarunningmatch.Ifyoustandfaraway4_thestarter(发令员),youcan5_thesmokecomingfromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyour6_.Thefastspeedoflightproducessomestrangefacts.Theneareststarissofarawayfromtheearththatthelightfromit7_fouryearstoreachus.Thelightfromsomeotherstarsbegantotraveltotheearthevenbeforeyouwereborn.So,ifyouwanttobehonest(诚实),you8_say,“Thestarsareshiningbrightlytonight.”Youhavetosay,“Thestarslooknice.Theywereshiningmanyyears9_,buttheirlighthasjust10_ourplanet.,faster,meters,by,ears,from,see,reached,cant,ago,takes,ExerciseFive,MrBrownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown.Peopleusually1_newumbrellashere,andsometimestheybroughthim2_brokenumbrellas.ThenMrBrowntookthemtomendinabigshopinLondon.Oneday,MrBrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He3_totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Anoldmanwassittingnexttohimwithanumbrellastandingbytheseat.WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon,Mr.Brown4_uptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgetting5_,theoldman6_himandsaidangrily,“Thatsmyumbrella,notyours!”Mr.Brownsface7_redandhegavetheumbrellabacktothemanatonce.WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlookateachofthem,hesaidtotheshopkeeper,“Youve8_themverywell.”Intheafternoon,MrBrowntookthetrainhome9_theumbrellas.Tohis10_,theoldmanwassittingnexttohimagain.HelookedatMrBrownandthesixumbrellas,“Youvehadaluckyday,”hesaid.,bought,their,picked,off,stopped,forgot,turned,mended,surprise,with,ExerciseSix,Herearesomeoldwaystosendmessagesinthepast.AnEgyptian(埃及人)puthiseartotheground.He1_thehorsescomingthisway.Thenheranto2_hispeople.Hewasaguard.Thatwasoneway3_Egyptianstosendmessages.Peopleinothercountriessentmessages,too.4_enemiescame,oneman5_hisdrum.Inthenextvillage,peopleheardthedrumandbeattheirdrums,too.Themessageswent6_villagetovillagebydrum.Muchmore,somearmies(军队)keptmanypigeons(鸽子).Thesepigeonsalways7_back.Whenasoldierwassentfarawayfromhisownarmyhemighttakeapigeonalong.Hecouldtieamessagetothebirds8_.Itwouldflyback9_thesoldiersmessage.Thesearetheoldwaystosendmessages.Canyouthinkof10_ways?,When,from,leg,for,beat,heard,told,flew,with,other/more,ExerciseSeven,ThomasEdisonwasagreatAmericaninventors.Whenhewasachild,hewasalways1_questionsandtryingoutnewideas.Nomatter(无论)howharditwas,he2_gaveup.YoungTomwasinschool3_onlythreemonths.Histeacherdidntunderstand4_hehadsomanystrangequestions.Andmostofthequestionswerenotabouthislessons.Theteacherdidntwantto5_Tomanymore.HeaskedTomsmothertotaketheboyhome.Tomsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite,andshefound6_tobeaverygoodpupil.Helearntveryfastandbecamevery7_inscience.Oneday,Tom8_alittleboyplay