汉语无主句翻译成英文.doc

汉语无主句翻译成英文1 翻译为被动语态。1.1 采用It is v-ed that 从句形式。1) 估计需要十万元。It is estimated that it will cost 100,000 RMB.2) 据说双方已经同意达成一个解决方法。It is said that both sides have agreed to a solution./Both sides are said to have agreed to a solution.3) 据推测，该公司下个月就将在中国投资。It is supposed that this company will invest in China next month.1.2 直接被动1) 那地方讲英语。English is spoken there.2) 发现了错误，一定要改正。Errors should be corrected when they are discovered.3) 给了他两天时间来做必要的准备。Two days have been allowed him for making the necessary preparation.4) 合同中，详细地规划了双方必须履行的各种条件。In the contracts, all kinds of conditions which two sides should follow have been laid down in detail.5) 进一步深化国有企业改革。The reform of stated-owned enterprises will be further carried out.6) 鼓励国内有比较优势的企业到境外投资办厂。State enterprises with comparative advantages should be encouraged to make investments abroad and set up factories.(注意此句，我开始就选择把境外投资办厂作为了主语，但是导致主语过长很不符合英语习惯，看来被动语态的主语选择也很有学问！)以下几句均是宾语较长，或者有几个宾语，那么就要选择原句的中心词来充当主语。7) 优先发展科技教育。The priority should be given to the development of science, technology and education.8) 必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。Special(Strong) emphasis should be placed on the gravity(科技文中用严重性用此词很多) of embezzlement and corruption among some high-ranking officials in China.9) 到2010年，要努力将人口控制在16亿以下。Efforts should be made to control the population under 1.6b by 2010./ We should strive to control the population under 1.6b by 2010.10) 以公路建设为重点，加强铁路、机场、天然气管道干线的建设。Emphasis should be placed on highway construction while more efforts will be made in building railways, airports and gas pipelines.11) 对以下问题，必须经出席会议的董事一致通过，方可作出决定。Decisions on the following items must be made only when unanimously agreed upon by the directors present at the Board meeting.非人称主语句的翻译科技文章少用人称主语，而多用非人称主语。这种现象是由科技文章的本质决定的，科技文章非“以人为本”之作，无须动人描述，没有慷慨抒情，只求客观记录，只须冷静分析。科技文章多用非人称主语，又演绎出一个新问题，那就是这些非人称主语后续的动词，不是一般非人称主语（inanimate subject）常用的谓语动词，而是为人称主语（animate subject）使用的表示感觉、意识、情感或动作之类的动词谓语。于是便出现了“非人称主语 + 人称主语使用的动词谓语”的奇特现象。我们通常称这种句式为“非人称主语句”（Impersonal Subject Sentence）。 通常折射一定生命内涵或生命意义的动词被“挪用”于不具生命的主语（inanimate subject），其搭配不可谓不奇巧，其表意不可谓不新颖，折射生命内涵和生命意义的动词的使用，就自然而然地给全句染上了拟人（personification）的修辞色彩，让读者耳目一新。这点拟人色彩，使本来显得有些单调乏味的科技文章着上了些许亮色，增添了一点生机。如：食品工业也引进了新技术，用于食品的贮藏，加工，保鲜和分配，减少了收获后的损失。译为：The food industry has also introduced new technologies for food storage, processing, preservation, and distribution that have reduced post-harvest losses. （比较：They have also introduced new technologies for food storage, processing, preservation, and distribution, which has reduced post-harvest losses.） 采用非人称主语的句子显得更为流畅。另如：尤其是推广了高产水稻，扩大了灌溉面积，大大增加了（氮）化肥和杀虫剂的用量，使得农作物产量大幅度提高。In particular, the introduction of high-yield rice in combination with expanded irrigation and a massive increase in the use of (nitrogen) fertilizers and pesticides has significantly improved crop yields. 上面的译文中，将原文中三个状语性质的并列结构浓缩为由一复合介词in combination with串连的非人称主语，给人留下深刻印象。此外，非人称主句句式可以用更简洁的形式表达科技英语中的各种逻辑关系，而将“逻辑标记”统统省略，即变英语的形合句（hypotaxis）为意合句（parataxis）。如：（1） 非人称主语句“消化”了条件句a. If we measure the seismic travel time and amplitude, we can define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances releated to rock velocities and densities.b. Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅，我们就能够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速率和密度有关的声阻抗。（2） 非人称主语句“消化”了时间状语从句a. Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-life testing.b. When we are doing and analysis of a damaged material, usually it requires intuitive judgment followed by real-life testing.我们在分析破损材料时，通常需要先做直观判断，再做实际试验。（3） 非人称主语句“消化”了因果关系句a. The effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great speed and accuracy in calculation.b. The effectiveness of the electronic computer is achieved because it has great speed and accuracy in calculation.电子计算机之所以效率高，是由于其运算速度快，而且计算准确。（4） 非人称主语句“消化”了让步从句a. Even the dissolu