专业英语与一般英语的区别PPT课件.ppt

.,1,SpecializedEnglish,.,2,DifferencesbetweenspecializedandgeneralEnglishDifferentpurposesForspecializedpurposetoobtainthemostrecentinformationtopublishtheresearchresultseitherbywritingapaperorgivinganoralpresentationDifferentlearningmethodsreadasmanyEnglishreferencesaspossibleattendasmuchasseminaraspossibletrytocomposeresearchpapers/reportsinEnglishDifferentcontentsSpecialvocabulariesandterms,.,3,GrammaticalcharacteristicsofspecializedEnglish1)客观（Objectivity)thepresenttense,pasttenseorperfecttensethepassivevoiceorimpersonalsubjecte.g.Itwasstartedin1969,whentheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseestablishedanationwidenetworktoconnectahandfulofuniversitiesandcontractors.(pasttenses),.,4,2)简洁（Conciseness）nonfiniteverbs:Gerund,participle(past,present),infinitivenounphrasee.g.1.Manydifferentschemesforperformingthesethreefunctions(sampling,quantizingandcoding)haveevolvedduringrecentyears.(gerund)2.Consequentlythereisaninherentadvantageforovercomingnoisyenvironmentbychoosingdigitaltransmission.(gerund)3.Televisionisthetransmissionandreceptionofimagesofmovingobjectsbyradiowaves.,.,5,4.Thesignalreceivedfromasatellite,locatedinfarouterspace,isveryweak.(pastparticiple)5.Mostotherformsoftransmissionsystemsconveythemessageinformationusingshapeorlevelofthetransmittedsignal.(presentparticiple)6.Ethernethubsandswitchesprovideaneasyandinexpensivemeanstoprovidemorebandwidthtoworkstations.(infinitive),.,6,3)准确（Accuracy)longsentences-exceedinglyinformativeconditionalsentences-accuratedescriptione.g.Ifthenumberofthemessagesinthesetisfinitethenthisnumberoranymonotonicfunctionofthisnumbercanberegardedasameasureoftheinformationproducedwhenonemessageischosenfromtheset,allchoicebeingequallylikely.,.,7,4)“无生命主语及物动词宾语（宾语补足语）”e.g.Chapter6providesabasicintroductiontotheideasofsequences,seriesandlimits.5)常用it作为形式主语或宾语e.g.1)Ithasbeenprovedthatinducedvoltagecausesacurrenttoflowinoppositiontotheforceproducingit.2)Theinventionofradiohasmadeitpossibleformankindtocommunicatewitheachotheroveralongdistance.,.,8,6)尽量用紧缩型状语从句而不用完整句e.g.Whiledesignedprimarilyforusebyengineeringstudents,itisbelievedthatthebookisalsohighlysuitableforstudentsofthephysicalsciencesandappliedmathematics.7)割裂修饰比较普遍（包括短语或从句被分隔）e.g.Itishopedthatthisprovision,togetherwiththelargenumberofworkedexamplesandstyleofpresentation,alsomakesthebooksuitableforprivateordirectedstudy.（主谓分离）,.,9,8)较多使用祈使语气e.g.Lettheforward-passtransferfunctionbegivenbythelineardifferenceequation.9)句中并列成分（各种并列短语、单词或从句）较多e.g.Radarhascertaininherentadvantagesoverdetectionsystemsemployinglightwaves:1)hasgreaterrange,2)itisusableinanyweatherandindayornight,and3)theelectroniccircuitryandcomponentsfortransmitting,receiving,amplifying,detectingandmeasuringarehighdeveloped.,.,10,专业英语词汇的构成World-building派生法（Derivation）复合法（Composition）转化法（Conversion）拼缀法（Blending）缩略法（Shorting）,.,11,Derivationa-:asynchronous,asymmetryanti-:clockwise-anti-clockwiseco-:relation-correlationoperation-cooperationdis-:advantage-disadvantagecover-discoverable-disableen-:enable,enlargeem-:embed,embody,.,12,im-:possible-impossiblebalance-imbalanceil-:legible-illegiblelegal-illegalin-:correct-incorrectcapable-incapableir-:regular-irregularrelevant-irrelevantinter-:change-interchangeinterfaceinternetinteract,.,13,mis-:miscountmistakeMulti-,poly-:multipurpose,multicarrierpolynomial(binomial)non-:linear-nonlineareffective-noneffectivepost-:postfixpostgraduatepre-:prefix,preface,predictre-:retell,readjustreflect,react,reverse,.,14,sub:set-subsetsubscriptsubroutinesuper-:superscriptsuperconductorsuperpositionsym-,syn-:synchronoussymmetrytele-:telephone,telegraph,telescope,.,15,trans-:transmitter,transformtransverseult