Unit 5 For Want of a Drink41892

.,Unit5ForWantofaDrink,.,Outline,I.Warm-upII.BackgroundInformationIII.GlossaryIV.StructureV.TextAnalysis,.,I.Warm-up,PhotoShow,.,I.Warm-up,Questions1.Dowehaveawaterprobleminourcountry?2.Howseriousistheproblem?,.,I.Warm-up,Jinan-SpringCity,.,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Withoutwater,thereisnolife,asweareallwatercreatures.,TheImportanceofWater,Itmakesupnearly60percentofourbody,70percentofourbrainand80percentofourblood.,Theearthisstilltheonlyknownplanetsofarwherewaterisfound.,.,I.Warm-up,Essay1.Whatarethemaincausesofourwaterproblem?2.Whatdoyouthinkwecandotosolvethisproblem?,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Wehavestillfailedtogivedueattentiontothisvitalissue-water.,OurIgnorance/Neglect,Wetakeforgrantedthatsomehowwaterwillalwaysbeavailable.,Weknowthereareproblems,butwetendtothinkthattheyaretheproblemsofthegovernmentorscientist.,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Theeducationwearereceivingwouldbeconsideredagrossfailureifwegothroughschoolwithoutrealizingthisstarktruth.,.,II.BackgroundInformation,Thealarmisthataterriblewatercrisisisloomingbecauseourwaterresourcesareundertremendouspressure.,Alarm,Whenpeopleinfuturerecallthe21stcentury,theyareboundtoadmitthatoneofthegreatestissuesofthecenturyhasbeenthatofwater.,InFuture,.,III.Glossary,1.apparatus;es(pl.)Oneoftheboyshadtoberescuedbyfiremenwearingbreathingapparatus.其中一个男孩须由带着呼吸装置的消防员才能救出。Formanyyears,thecountryhadbeenburiedundertheapparatusoftheregime.多年来，这个国家一直处于该政权机构的高压统治下。,.,III.Glossary,2.delta三角洲e.g.theGangesdeltapeninsula半岛e.g.thepoliticalsituationintheKoreanpeninsula,.,III.Glossary,3.diminish;decrease;lessen;reduce;abate;dwindle辨析decrease表示在尺寸、数量amount、数目number或强度上的逐渐减少lessen表示在数量而不是数目上的减少diminish强调急剧减少，指从整体上减除e.g.Thepartysshareoftheelectorate(选民)hasdiminishedsteadily.削弱，贬低（重要性或价值）e.g.Dontlethimdiminishyourachievements.reduce指减少或降低abate指力量或数量过多或有压迫性的东西的减少dwindle指逐渐减少，用于能明显可见地变小或消失的东西,.,III.Glossary,4.distribute;distribution;distributor分发；分配；分送e.g.Thousandsofsoldiersareworkingtodistributefoodandblanketstotherefugees.配销；运销；分销e.g.Wedidntunderstandhowdifficultitwastodistributeanationalpaper.分配，分派e.g.Immediatelyafterhiselectionhebegantodistributemajorofficesamonghisfriendsandsupporters.撒；播e.g.Distributethetopping(配料)evenlyoverthefruit.,.,III.Glossary,5.equilibriumvs.balancepl.equilibria;equilibriumse.g.Stocksseesawedeverloweruntilpricesfoundsomenewlevelofequilibrium.平衡股票在震荡中进一步下跌，直到股价达到某个新的平衡点。Ipausedinthehalltotakethreedeepbreathstorestoremyequilibrium.平静,.,III.Glossary,5.equilibriumvs.balancen.平衡；天平；平衡力e.g.balanceofpaymentbalancestatement余额明细表theecologicalbalanceoftheforestHeenvisions（预见；展望）anoverallbalancebetweenproductionandconsumption.他预想生产和消费之间将达到全面均衡.balance（v.）,.,III.Glossary,6.endangeredvs.extinctE.g.Smokingduringpregnancyendangersthebabyslife.Thelizardsareclassedasanendangeredspecies.E.g.Dinosaurshavebeenextinctformillionsofyears.Anextinctvolcanodoesnoteruptanymore.,.,III.Glossary,7.famine;hunger;starvation8.finitevs.infinitedefinitevs.indefiniteinfinitive不定式9.hydro-ill-Moreexamples?,hydrotherapy水疗法hydrogen氢hydrocarbons碳氢化合物,.,III.Glossary,10.mediumChinawilldeepenthereformofitsfinancialsystemsbyimprovingservicesforsmallandmicrobusinessesandmakingRenminbiconvertibleundercapitalaccounts,accordingtoareportdistributedtothemediaMondaymorning.-XinhuaNewsAgency,.,III.Glossary,smallandmedium-sizedenterprises（中小企业）划分为:medium-sized（中型）;smallsize（小型）;mini-size（微型）三种类型具体标准根据enterprisejobholders（企业从业人员）、businessincome(营业收入)、totalassets(资产总额)等指标，结合industrycharacteristics(行业特点)制定。,.,III.Glossary,11.migrationmigratev.e.g.Farmworkersmigrateatharvesttime.Rowsofsleepingmigrantworkersfillthesidewalks.immigrate-immigrant-immigrationemigrate-emigrant-emigration12.miracle-miraculousmarvel-marvelous/marvellous,.,III.Glossary,13.overwhelm;overwhelmed;overwhelmingE.g.(感情上)使某人感到不能自持，使不知所措Harrietwasedbyafeelingofhomesickness.(问题等)使不可解决，使应接不暇，压垮Wewereedbythenumberofapplications.使某人非常惊讶Iwascompletelyedbyhisgenerosity.击败某人In1532theSpaniardsfinallyoverwhelmedthearmiesofPeru.,.,III.Glossary,14.pestilence瘟疫epidemicn./adj.流行病，传染病e.g.Over500peoplediedduringlastyearsfluepidemic.Violentcrimeisreachingepidemicproportionsinsomecities.,.,III.Glossary,pandemic（大范围或全球性的）流行病，瘟疫endemic（疾病或问题）地方性的，某些人常有的e.g.ViolentcrimeisnowendemicinpartsofChicago.Chronically,chronicvs.acuteSARS:SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes严重急性呼吸综合征,.,III.Glossary,15.quadruplevs.triplerespectable;respectful;respectiveWeallwentbacktoourrespectivehomestowaitfornews.,.,III.Glossary,18.squandere.g.Thehometeamsquanderedanumberofchancesinthefirsthalf(上半场).Theysquanderedtheprofitsonexpensivecars.(squandersth.onsth.),.,III.Glossary,19.substituten./v.e.g.ThecoachhastofindaforTim.Vitaminpillsarenoforahealthydiet.BillsubstitutedforLarry,whowasoffsick.MichaelOwenhadtobesubstitutedafter20minutesonthefield.,.,III.Glossary,20.sustain;sustainment;sustainable使持续；保持e.g.Hehassustainedhisfiercesocialconsciencefromyoungadulthoodthrougholdage.,.,III.Glossary,经受；遭受；蒙受一位17岁的游客在昨天的炸弹爆炸中受伤并于当天深夜身亡。E.g.Aseventeen-year-oldtouristdiedlatelastnightofinjuriessustainedinyesterdaysbombblast.支持；支援；救济E.g.从经济作物中获得的收益能帮助他们度过不景气的时期Thecashdividendstheygetfromthecashcropwouldsustainthemduringtheleanseason.这些支持的信件和人们每天对我的鼓励一直支撑着我Iamsustainedbylettersofsupportandwhatpeoplesaytomeinordinarydailylife.,.,III.Glossary,Sustainabledevelopment,accordingtotheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment,is:developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.,.,IV.Structure,I.Introduction:Awarningaboutawatercrisis(paras.1-2)II.Causalanalysisofwatershortage(paras.3-5)III.Difficultyinsatisfyingthesedemands(paras.6-8)IV.Characteristicsofwaterasnaturalresource(paras.9-15)V.Reiterationofthevalueofwater(paras.16-17)VI.Conclusion:Difficultyinusingtheresourcesensibly(paras.18-19),.,Theme,Thisessaymaynothavesaidmuchthatwedonotknow,butnotallofusperhapshaveeverspenttimebeforeonsuchacomprehensiveandpowerfulpresentationofthecase.Ithassoundedthealarmthataterriblewatercrisisisloomingbecauseourwaterresourcesareundertremendouspressure.Itexplainsthereasonswhyitshouldhavebeensuchaseriousproblemandwhyitisbecomingworseandworse.,.,V.TextAnalysis,1.Whenthewordwaterappearsinprintnowadays,crisisisrarelyfarbehind.(para.1)inprint:printedinabook,newspaper,etc.rarelyfarbehind:verynear,.,V.TextAnalysis,2.Water,itissaid,isthenewoil:aresourcelongsquandered,nowgrowingexpensiveandsoontobeoverwhelmedbyinsatiabledemand.(para.1)P:Likeoil,water,anaturalresource,whichhasforalongtimebeenstupidlywasted,isbecominganexpensivecommodity,andwillsoonbeexhaustedbytheexcessiveconsumptionofhumanity.TheMideastOilCrisisinthe1970s,.,V.TextAnalysis,3.Climatechangethreatenstomaketheproblemworse.(para.1)threaten:tobelikelytoharmordestroysth.e.g.Globalwarming,whichcausestheseastorise,threatenstoengulfislands.Thecivilwaristhreateningtosplitthecountry.Thecountryscrippling(造成严重后果的)debtscouldthreatenitsentirefinancialsystem.,.,V.TextAnalysis,4.Everyonemustuselesswateriffamine,pestilenceandmassmigrationarenottosweeptheglobe.(para.1)P:Allofusmustuselesswatertoavoidsuchdisastersasfamine,epidemic,andmassmigrationthroughouttheworld.massmigration:herereferringtothemovementoflargenumbersofpeoplefromoneplaceoronepartoftheworldtoanothertoescapethedisasterscausedbyshortageofwater.,.,V.TextAnalysis,5.Thelanguageisoftenoverblown,andtheremediessometimesill-conceived,butthebasicmessageisnotwrong.(para.2)P:Thelanguageusedinthesebooksandarticlesareoftenexaggerated,andthesolutionssuggestedsometimesdonotsoundsensible.ill-conceived:notshowingcarefulthought;notsoundingsensiblethebasicmessage:thekeyideathatpeopleshoulduselesswater,.,V.TextAnalysis,6.Bringingsupplyanddemandintoequilibriumwillbepainful,andpoliticaldisputesmayincreaseinnumberandintensifyintheircapacitytocausetrouble.(para.2)bringingsupplyanddemandintoequilibrium:makingdemandmatchsupply;notusingmorewaterthanisavailable,.,V.TextAnalysis,7.Tocarryonwithpresentpracticewouldindeedbetoinvitedisaster.(para.2)Thisisasentenceofimpliedcondition,whichisconveyedinthesubject“tocarryonwithpresentpractice.”invite:toencouragesth.badtohappen,esp.withoutintendingto,e.g.TheFirstLadysrecenttripinvitedsharpcriticism.Themansbehaviorisinvitingsuspicion.,.,V.TextAnalysis,8.Thenthegreenrevolution,inaninspiredcombinationofnewcropbreeds,fertilizersandwater,madepossibleahugeriseinthepopulation.(para.3)inspired:extraordinarilygood,brilliantandcreativeE.g.Thefilmishailedasainspiredadaptationofabestseller.SheisoneofthefewinspiredteachersIveeverseen.,.,V.TextAnalysis,9.Theworldwillhavenomoreofitin2025or2050thanithastoday,orwhenitlappedatthesidesofNoahsArk.(para.6)P:In2025or2050,theworldswatersupplywillbethesameasitistoday,orinthedaysofNoah.whenitlappedatthesidesofNoahsArk:whenthefloodwaterhitthesidesofNoahsArkinsmallwaves.,.,V.TextAnalysis,10.Thevalueofwaterasacommodityofcoursevariesaccordingtolocality,purposeandcircumstance.(para.9)vary:tochangeorbedifferentaccordingtothesituation,e.g.Teachingmethodsshouldvaryaccordingtothetopic.Theabilitytotoleratepainvariesfrompersontoperson.Classsizeofelementaryschoolsherevariesbetween35and40.Thepriceofacutandblow-dryvariesfrom$13.95to$25.,.,V.TextAnalysis,11.Scarceorplentiful,waterisabovealllocal.(para.11)scarceorplentiful:aphrasefunctioningasaconditionalclauseE.g.Allpeople,blackorwhite,richorpoor,shouldlivesidebyside.Inwealthorinpoverty,hiswifeprovedareliableanchorforhislife.,.,V.TextAnalysis,12.asthedemandsoffarmershaveoutgrowntheirsuppliesofrainandsurfacewater.(para.13)outgrow:togrow/increasefasterthan,e.g.Mankindisoutgrowingfoodsupplies.Thecitysmigrantpopulationhasoutgrownitspublicfacilities.Mygranddaughterhasoutgrownallherclothes.,.,V.TextAnalysis,13.thequantitiesbeingwithdrawnexceedtheannualrecharge.(para.13)withdraw:(figurativeuse)totakewaterfrombelowthesurfaceofEarthexceed:tobegreaterthanaparticularnumberoramount,E.g.Whendeathsexceedbirths,thepopulationgoesdown.Incomeisexpectedtoexceedexpenditure.,.,V.TextAnalysis,14.Partofthebeautyoftheboreholeisthatitrequiresnoelaborateapparatus.(para.15)P:Obtainingwateroutofthegroundbydrillingdeepholesiseasy,requiringnocomplicatedequipment.Thebeautyofsth:E.g.Oneofthebeautiesofmicrobloggingisthatyoucangetyourmessagetolargenumbersofpeoplespeedily.Partofthebeautyofworkingathomeisthatyoudonthavetohurrytoandfromtheworkplace.Note:beauty(c.n./u.n.),.,V.TextAnalysis,15.ThatiswhyIndiaandChinaarenowperforatedwithmillionsofirrigationwells,eachdrawingonthecommonresource.(para.15)P:ThatiswhymillionsofirrigationwellshavebeenduginIndiaandChina,bothusingthesupplyofwaterbelongingto/sharedbythewholecommunity.perforate:tomakeaholeorholesinsth,orpartofyourbody,E.g.Intheroadaccident,hislungwasperforated.Shetoldherchildrennottowearearphones,fortheycanperforatetheireardrums.drawingon:tousepartofasupplyofsththatbelongstoagroupofpeople.,.,V.TextAnalysis,16.Butevenbigaquifersarenotimmunetothelawsofphysics.(para.15)beimmuneto/fromsth.:tobenotinfluencedoraffectedbysth.thathappensorisdone,e.g.NBAisnotimmunetoeconomicrecession.Johnseemstobeimmunetoteasing.,.,V.TextAnalysis,17.Pricedornot,wateriscertainlyvalued,andthatvaluedependsontheusetowhichitisharnessed.(para.16)pricedornot:anotherpatternofcondensedconditionalclausesintroducedby“whether”E.g.Believeitornot,a10-year-oldgirlbearaprofessionalatchess.Likeitornot,learnersofEnglishhavetolivewithitsirregularspelling.,.,V.TextAnalysis,17.Pricedornot,wateriscertainlyvalued,andthatvaluedependsontheusetowhichitisharnessed.(para.16)harness:toattachahorseorotheranimaltosthwithaharnessE.g.Thefarmerharnessedtwooxentotheplow.Buthere,itisusedfiguratively.E.g.Insomeareas,thepoorfeelharnessedtotheirjobs.Harnessalsomeans“togaincontrolofsthanduseitforsomepurpose,”e.g.Thewindmillisanexampleofhowpeopleharnessthewindtoproduceelectricity.,.,V.TextAnalysis,18.NoonesurvivedintheruinsofPort-au-PrinceformorethanafewdaysafterJanuarysearthquakeunlesstheyhadaccesstosomewater-basedfoodordrink.(para.17)IntheruinsofPort-au-Prince:inthecompletelydamagedcityofPort-aru-Prince.Januarysearthquake:referringtotheearthquakethatstruckPort-au-Prince,on12January2010,dev