大学体验英语综合教程4unit 2 Passage B Cultural Differences

.,Unit2PassageBText,.,ContentsSkimmingandScanningLanguagePointsReadingQuestionsReadingSkillPracticeTranslatingSkillPractice,.,DecideTorForfillintheblanksafteryourfastreading,()1.ThewriterwastoldtheRussianwasacrudepeople.()2.ThewriterhaveknownRussianverywellin1993.()3.ThewriterwenttoRussiantwice.()4.InChile,womenoftenkissnotonlywomenbutalsomenonthecheektoshowthegreetings.,F,F,F,T,Para1,Para1,Para6,Para12,.,()5.InRussia,whenamanpeelsabananaforwoman,itmeansheisfondofher.()6.WecangeneralizenothingsimilarfromHispanics.()7.“Yes”means“Iagree”allthetime.()8.Payingattentiontocustomsandculturaldifferencesisnotimportant.()9.InRussia,itisacustomaryforthearrivingpersontogreettheothers.10.Thewriterworkedinin1993.,theUniversityofCalifornia,F,F,F,F,T,Para7,Para9,Para11,Para12,Para12,Para1,.,CulturalDifferencesIn1993,IhadmyfirstopportunitytovisitRussiaasarepresentativeoftheUniversityofCalifornia.Iwastheretoprovidesometechnicalassistanceintheareaofagriculturallabormanagement.“Russiansareaverypolitepeople,”Ihadbeentutoredbeforemyarrival.Oneofmyinterpreters,onceIwasthere,explainedthatagentlemanshouldpourthelemonade(atypeofjuice)fortheladiesandshowothercourtesiestothem.Towardtheendofmythree-weektripIwasinvitedbymyyoungRussianhostandfriendDmitriIvanovichandhislovelywifeYielenaouttodinner.AttheendofawonderfulmealYielenaaskedifIwouldlikeabanana.I,educated/taught,invitesb.outtodinner邀请外出吃饭,.,politelydeclinedandthankedher,andexplainedIwasmostsatisfiedwiththemeal.Butthewholewhilemymindwasracing:“WhatdoIdo?DoIofferherabananaeventhoughtheyareasclosetoherastheyaretome?Whatisthepolitethingtodo?”“Wouldyoulikeabanana?”IaskedYielena.“Yes,”shesmiled,butmadenoattempttotakeanyofthethreebananasinthefruitbasket.“Whatnow?”Ithought.“Whichonewouldyoulike?”Ifumbled.“Thatone,”shepointedatoneofthebananas.SoallthewhilethinkingaboutRussianpolitenessIpickedthebananaYielenahadpointedatandpeeledithalfwayandhandedittoher.SmilesinYielenaandDmitrisfacestoldmeIhaddonetherightthing.AfterthisexperienceIspentmuchtime,makeattempttoEg.Hemadeattempttogo.,time,.,lettingtheworldknowthatinRussia,thepolitethingistopeelthebananasfortheladies.SometimeduringmythirdtripIwaspolitelydisabusedofmynotion.“Ohno,GrigoriiDavidovich,”aRussiangraciouslycorrectedme.“InRussia,whenamanpeelsabananaforaladyitmeanshehasaromanticinterestinher.”HowembarrassedIfelt.AndhereIhadbeenproudlytellingeveryoneaboutthistidbitofculturalunderstanding.Certainlessonshavetobelearnedthehardway.Somewellmeaningarticlesandpresentationsonculturaldifferenceshaveapotentialtodomoreharmthangoodandmaynotbeasamusing.Theypresent,likemybananas,toomanygeneralizationsorquiteadistortedview.,kindly,asmallinterestinginformation小趣闻,有些教训只有通过这种尴尬的方式才能吸取。,.,Someoften-heardgeneralizationsabouttheHispaniccultureinclude:Hispanicsneedlesspersonalspace,makelesseyecontact,toucheachothermoreinnormalconversation,andarelesslikelytoparticipateinameeting.Generalizationsareoftendangerous,andespeciallywhenaccompaniedbyrecommendationssuchas:movecloserwhentalkingtoHispanics,makemorephysicalcontact,dontexpectparticipation,andsoon.,.,Differencesbetweenpeoplewithinanygivennationorculturearemuchgreaterthandifferencesbetweengroups.Education,socialstanding,religion,personality,beliefstructure,pastexperience,affectionshowninthehome,andamyriadofotherfactorswillaffecthumanbehaviorandculture.Suretherearedifferencesinapproachastowhatisconsideredpoliteandappropriatebehaviorbothonandoffthejob.Insomecultures“yes”means,“Ihearyou”morethan“Iagree.”Lengthofpleasantriesandgreetingsbeforegettingdowntobusiness,leveloftoleranceforbeingaroundsomeonespeakingaforeign(not-understood)language,politenessmeasuredintermsofgallantryoretiquette(e.g.,standingupforawomanwhoapproachesa,ahostof/amultitudeof/awealthof,谈正事前的寒暄和问候的时间长短,(,),.,table,yieldingaseatonthebustoanolderperson,etc.)andmannerofexpecteddressareallexamplesofpossibleculturaldifferencesandtraditions.InMexicoitiscustomaryforthearrivingpersontogreettheothers.Forinstance,someonewhowalksintoagroupofpeopleeatingwouldsayprovecho(enjoyyourmeal).InChile,womenoftengreetbothotherwomenandmenwithakissonthecheek.InRussiawomenoftenwalkarminarmwiththeirfemalefriends.Payingattentiontocustomsandculturaldifferencescangivesomeoneoutsidethatcultureabetterchanceofassimilationoracceptance.Ignoringthesecangetanunsuspectingpersonintotrouble.Thereareculturalandideologicaldifferencesanditisgoodtohaveanunderstandingaboutaculturescustomsandways.,.,AaronPun,aCanadianODCnetcorrespondent,wrote:“Instudyingcross-culturaldifferences,wearenotlookingatindividualsbutacomparisonofoneethnicgroupagainstothers.Hence,wearecomparingtwobellcurvesandgeneralizationscannotbeavoided.”Anothercorrespondentexplainedthehumanneedtocategorize.True,butthedangercomeswhenweactonsomeofthesegeneralizations,especiallywhentheyarebasedonfaultyobservations.Actingongeneralizationsaboutsuchmattersaseyecontact,personalspace,touch,andinterestinparticipationcanhaveseriousnegativeconsequences.(781words),Readingquestion4,Readingquestion5,严重的负面后果positiveconsequences正面结果,.,Butthewholewhilemymindwasracing,racev.常用意takeinarace参加速度比赛此处moveveryfast急速运转；移动,Translation但此刻我一直在想。,.,SometimeduringmythirdtripIwaspolitelydisabusedofmynotion,WhenIwenttoRussiaforthethirdtimeaRussianpolitelycorrectedmywrongnotion.,.,Somewellmeaningarticlesandpresentationsonculturaldifferenceshaveapotentialtodomoreharmthangoodandmaynotbeasamusing.,Somearticlesandlecturesaimtohelpreadersandaudiencetounderstandaboutculturaldifferences,butinfact,arelikelytomisleadthem,meanwhiletheyarenotinteresting.,那些有关文化差异的好心文章和讲座可能是害多利少，也许还并不像我说的这件事这样只是一件趣事而已。,好心的；善意的,.,Hispanicadj.ofSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountries西班牙及其他说西班牙语国家的,Hispanics:n.,.,accompanyv.beprovidedorexistatthesametimeassomething;gowith,esp.onajourney伴随,ExampleLetmeaccompanyyoutotherestaurant.Accompanyingthesetemperaturevariationsweresomeperiodsofratherheavyprecipitation.,天气变化,fallofrain,sleet,snoworhail（雨、雨夹雪、雪、雹子等的）降落,.,recommendationn.adviceorsuggestion,ExampleMyteacherwrotemealetterofrecommendationtosupportmyjobapplication.,.,Differencesbetweenpeoplewithinanygivennationorculturearemuchgreaterthandifferencesbetweengroups.,Thedifferencesbetweenpeopleinonecountryoroneculturearemuchgreaterthanthosebetweentwocountriesortwocultures.,任何特定民族或特定文化内部的人们之间的差异常常要比不同群体间的差异大得多。,.,Suretherearedifferencesinapproachastowhatisconsideredpoliteandappropriatebehaviorbothonandoffthejob.,Translation对上班和下班后那些行为算是有礼貌和恰当的这一问题，看法肯定是有分歧的。,way/attitude,.,Payingattentiontocustomsandculturaldifferencescangivesomeoneoutsidethatcultureabetterchanceofassimilationoracceptance.,Iftheypayattentiontothecustomsandculturaldifferencesthosewhocomefromanotherculturehaveabetterchanceofbeingacceptedbythelocalpeople.,注意风俗习惯和文化差异能让来自另一种文化的人有机会更快地融入该文化或被认同。,.,Thereareculturalandideologicaldifferencesanditisgoodtohaveanunderstandingaboutaculturescustomsandways.,Inanothercountry,theculturalandpoliticalbeliefsaredifferentfromours,thereforeitshelpfultoknowitscustomsandways.,由于存在文化和意识形态上的差异，所以了解一种文化中的习惯和方式是有好处的。,.,Instudyingcross-culturaldifferences,wearenotlookingatindividualsbutacomparisonofoneethnicgroupagainstothers.Hence,wearecomparingtwobellcurvesandgeneralizationscannotbeavoided.,Whenwestudythedifferencesbetweendifferentcultureswearecomparingthecollectivecultureratherthanindividualsfromeachculture.Thereforewefocusontheirgeneraldifferenceswhichwillnotbetrueofeveryonewithinthosecultures.,Translation,.,Instudyingcross-culturaldifferences,wearenotlookingatindividualsbutacomparisonofoneethnicgroupagainstothers.Hence,wearecomparingtwobellcurvesandgeneralizationscannotbeavoided.,在研究跨文化差异中，我们不是研究个体，而是进行不同民族间的比较，因此，我们是在比较两个正态分布曲线，所以概括是难免的。,.,Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.,1.WhatdidtheauthorlearnaboutRussiansbeforehevisitedRussia?A)Theyareverypolite.B)Theyarefrankandromantic.C)Theirbehaviorisusuallyverydifferent.D)Theyareveryhospitable.,1.WhatdidtheauthorlearnaboutRussiansbeforehevisitedRussia?A)Theyareverypolite.B)Theyarefrankandromantic.C)Theirbehaviorisusuallyverydifferent.D)Theyareveryhospitable,.,Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.,2.HowdidtheauthorfeelabouthispeelingabananaforawomaninRussiaduringhisfirstvisittoRussia?A)HefelthedidtherightthinginlinewithRussianculture.B)HefeltembarrassedforhavingbrokenaRussiancustom.C)Hefelthewasmakingamistake.D)Hefeltexcitedabouthisromanticexperience.,2.HowdidtheauthorfeelabouthispeelingabananaforawomaninRussiaduringhisfirstvisittoRussia?A)HefelthedidtherightthinginlinewithRussianculture.B)HefeltembarrassedforhavingbrokenaRussiancustom.C)Hefelthewasmakingamistake.D)Hefeltexcitedabouthisromanticexperience.,.,3.Howdidtheauthorrealizethathehadmadeaculturalblunder?A)HestudiedRussianetiquetteafterhisfirstvisittoRussia.B)Hegotahintfromtheladyheofferedthebananato.C)HewaspolitelycorrectedbyaRussianduringhisthirdvisit.D)Heconsultedsomebooksandrealizedhismistake.,Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.,3.Howdidtheauthorrealizethathehadmadeaculturalblunder?A)HestudiedRussianetiquetteafterhisfirstvisittoRussia.B)Hegotahintfromtheladyheofferedthebananato.C)HewaspolitelycorrectedbyaRussianduringhisthirdvisit.D)Heconsultedsomebooksandrealizedhismistake.,.,4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestudyofcross-culturaldifferences?A)Studyingthedifferencesbetweenindividualswithinoneethnicgroup.B)Makingacomparisonbetweenoneethnicgroupandanotherintermsofculture.C)Makingculturalgeneralizationsaboutoneculturebasedonthestandardsoftheother.D)Comparingandcategorizingdifferentcultures.,Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.,4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestudyofcross-culturaldifferences?A)Studyingthedifferencesbetweenindividualswithinoneethnicgroup.B)Makingacomparisonbetweenoneethnicgroupandanotherintermsofculture.C)Makingculturalgeneralizationsaboutoneculturebasedonthestandardsoftheother.D)Comparingandcategorizingdifferentcultures.,.,5Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthepassage?A)Hewasamaletourist.B)HecouldspeakRussianverywell.C)Heoftentraveledaroundtheworld.D)Hewasanexpertinworldcultures.,Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.,5Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthepassage?A)Hewasamaletourist.B)HecouldspeakRussianverywell.C)Heoftentraveledaroundtheworld.D)Hewasanexpertinworldcultures.,.,ReadingSkillsPractice,.,Factsarestatementsthatcanbeverifiedthatis,proventobetrue.Opinionsarestatementsthatexpresssubjectivefeelings,attitudes,orbeliefs.Theirtruthwillhavetobeproven.Hereareafewexamplesofeach:Facts1.TheaverageAmericanadultsspend25hoursperweekonhousework.2.U.S.militaryspendinghasincreasedoverthepasttenyears.,DistinguishingFactfromOpinion,.,DistinguishingFactfromOpinion,Opinions1.Bytheyear2020tobaccoshouldhavebecomeillegal,asvariousotherdrugsarecurrentlyillegal.2.IfJohnF.Kennedyhadlived,theUnitedStateswouldhavebecomequitedifferent.Facts,onceverifiedortakenfromareputablesource,canbeacceptedandregardedasreliableinformation.Opinions,however,arenotreliablesourcesofinformationandshouldbequestionedandcarefullyevaluated.Someauthorsarecarefultosignalthereaderwhentheyarepresentinganopinion.,.,DistinguishingFactfromOpinion,Watchforsuchwordsandphrasesas:itisbelievedapparentlyinmyviewpresumablyitislikelythatinmyopinionseeminglythissuggestsoneexplanationispossibly,.,TranslatingSkillsPractice,.,数量词的翻译(Numbers),数量词的翻译方法和