美国边疆--American-Frontier.ppt

AMERICANFRONTIER,1.Whatisfrontier?,边界；国境，边疆Theylinedthenorth-westernfrontierwithsoldiers.他们沿西北边境线驻扎了士兵。（学科或活动的）尖端，边缘；前沿；.pushingbackthefrontiersofscience.推进科学前沿。边界的；开拓的Thefrontiertownboomedwhengoldwasdiscoverednearby.当那个边疆城镇附近发现金矿时它迅速而蓬勃发展起来。,1.Whatisfrontier?,FamiliarVSUnfamiliardiverseunknownexotic,frontier,frontier,ThetermcamefromFrenchinthe15thcentury,withthemeaningborderlandtheregionofacountrythatfrontsonanothercountry(seealsomarches).,marches:边界地区（尤指英格兰与苏格兰或威尔士的）,frontier,frontier,1.Whatisfrontier?,2.WhatisAmericanFrontier?,Geography,Cultural,History,Folklore,Americanwestwardexpansion,theadmissionofthelastmainlandterritoriesasstates,Englishcolonialsettlement,early17thcentury,1912,2.WhatisAmericanFrontier?,InNorthAmericandevelopment,frontierreferstoacontrastingregionattheedgeofaEuropean-Americanlineofsettlement,orsettledarea.,1.Before1770s,2.1770sto1800s,3.1800sto1850s,4.1850sto1890s,2.1Before1770s,TheAmericanfrontierbeganin1607.FromtheearliestdaysofEuropeansettlementtoabout1680,thefrontierwasessentiallyanypartoftheinteriorofthecontinentwestoftheAppalachian.,2.21770sto1800s,TheOldWestortheTrans-AppalachianWestlyingbetweentheAppalachianMountainsandtheMississippiRiver.,FirstFrontier,SecondFrontier,2.31800sto1850s,LouisianaPurchase-ThelandlyingbetweentheMississippiRiverandtheRockyMountains.,2.41850sto1890s,PacificCoastandInteriorFrontierofManifestDestinyandConquest-Oregon,California,Texas,andNewMexico.FollowingtheeleventhU.S.Censusin1890thesuperintendentannouncedthattherewasnolongerafrontierintheU.S.,Sodhouse（草泥墙房屋）,Logcabin（小木屋）,3.LifeontheAmericanFrontier,3.LifeontheAmericanFrontier,3.LifeontheAmericanFrontier,Makingsoapfromlye（碱液）,water,andashesfromthefireplaceSpinningwoolintoyarnorflaxintothreadTendingagardensothefamilyhadavarietyofvegetablesSewingandrepairingthefamilysclothes,Pioneerswouldmaketheirownclothes,fromshearingthewoolandspinningitintothread,toactuallyweavingthefabric,andfinally,fashioningitintoagarment.,Aspinningwheelfromthe1820s.,Theprintbelowshowstwowomenpreparingsupperonasmall,portablestovearelativeluxuryinfrontoftheirtents,in1866.,3.LifeontheAmericanFrontier,Youneedonlyonesoap:Ivorysoap,proclaimsthisadfrom1898,whichshowsapioneerwashingwithanoveltyfloatingsoap,athiscampsite.,3.LifeontheAmericanFrontier,Frontierutilityknives:abutcherknifeaskinningknifeandasmallantiqueparingknife,3.LifeontheAmericanFrontier,Farmkitchencutleryandkitchenware,Agrainfanner,fromthe1850s,wouldblowairthroughwheattoseparatethechaff