C语言英文课件Chapter

chapter10STRUCTURESANDUNIONS,Astructureisacollectionofoneormorevariables,possiblyofdifferenttypes,whicharetreatedasaunitinsteadofasseparateentities.10.1structuredefinition10.2structurevariablescitingandinitialization10.3structurearray10.4structurepointer10.5linkdispoing-applicationofstructurepointer10.6unionandenumeration10.7typedef,10.1STRUCTURETYPEANDDECLARATIONOFSTRUCTUREVARIABLES,THESTRUCTURETYPE,INCLANGUAGE，isthecounterpartas“record”inotheradvancedlanguage.一、questionemergingSTUDENTSCORESMANAGETABLECANOTDEALWITH2DARRAYS,DIFFERENTTYEPES！,二、structuretypedeclarationCommonusage：structstructuretypenamedatatypemember1;datatypemember2;datatypemembern;,structstudentintnum;charname20;charsex;intage;floatscore1;floatscore2;,Typename,structstudent,demonstration：1、therulestoname“structuretypename”and“membername”,aresamewiththevariables.2、thedefinitionsofvariablescanbeseperatedorinasamelineliketheinstancebeloweg.structdateintyear,month,day;3、thedefinitionsofvariablescouldbebasictypesoranotherstructuretypewhichhasbeendeclarated.eg.thetype”birthday”intheeg.Ofstructuretypestd_infoisadefinitedstructuretype-date,三、STRUCTUREVARIABLESDECLARATIONStructuretype（userdefinition）Standarttype（systemdefinition）1、indirectdeclarationfirstdeclarethestructuretype,thenthestructurevariables,Thesameusage,structstudentintnum;charname20;charsex;intage;floatscore1;floatscore2;,structstudentstu1,stu2;,numnamesexagescore1score2,stu1,2、directdeclaration(1)definitethestructurevariable,whendefinitingthestructuretype；(2)definitethestructurevariabledirectly；,(1)structstudentintnum;charname20;floatscore2;stu1,stu2;,(2)structintnum;charname20;floatscore2;stu1,stu2;,3、demonstration(1)differstructuretypeandvariable,whicharecompletelydifferentconception,justastypeintandvariableofint(2)membernamesinstructure,maybesameasothervariablesinprogram,standfordifferentobjects,eg10.1creatastructurerefferingtobasicinformationofastudenttostorethedetailsofastudentstructdate/*datastructuretypemadeofyear,monthandday*/intyear;intmonth;intday;structstd_info/*studentinformationstructuretype*/intnum;/*madeofname,sex,birthday,etc*/charname12;charsex;structdatebirthday;floatscore1,score2;,10.2CITINGANDINITIALIZATIONSOFSTUCTUREVARIABLES,例10.2makeuseoftheformerstucturetypestructstd_info，todefiniteastructuretypestutostoreandprintthestudentdetails#include“struct.h”structstd_infostu=1002,”ZhangSan”,M,1980,9,20,98.2,86.5;main()printf(No:%dn,stu.num);printf(Name:%sn,);printf(Sex:%cn,stu.sex);printf(Birthday:%d-%d-%dn,stu.birthday.year,stu.birthday.month,stu.birthday.day);,result：No:1002Name:ZhangSanSex:MBirthday:1980-9-20,1、INITIALIZATIONSOFSTUCTUREvariablestructtypestruct_variable=initialvaluelisteg，structstd_infostu=“000102”,”ZhangSan”,M,1980,9,20;note：datatypeofinitialvalueshouldbeconsistentwiththemembersinstructurevariable,ortherewillbeerror.2、citingrulesofstructurevariablememberoperator“.”whilecitingthememberinstructure,useoperator”.”;citingformat:structurevariable.membereg,stu.num；,etc。,NOTE：ifamemberitselfisastructuretype,amultilevelmemberoperationisneededtocitethelowestmember.Expandingformat：structurevariable.member.child-member.LowestmemberEg.：stu.birthday.yearstu.birthday.monthstu.birthday.daybetakingthelowestmemberisequaltocommonvariableofthesametype.,10.3STRUCTUREARRAYS,Structurearrays：anarraymadebystructuretypedatawhichisaselementinstructure.Everyarrayelement:includeallmembersofstructure例10.3usestructurearraytostoreandprintthestudentscoresmanagetablebelow.,stu0stu1stu2stu3,structstudent/*laythedefinitionofstructuretypeoutsidefunction*/intnum;charname12;charsex;intage;floatscore1;floatscore2;structstdentstu4=1001,”ZhangXin”,M,20,87,91,1002,”WangLi”,F,20,98,96,1003,”ChenFong”,M,21,86,90,1004,”LiXiaopen”,M,20,77,86;,Storeinfile“struct.h”,#includestruct.h”main()inti;/*printlisthead,“standsforonebackspace*/printf(No.NameSexAgesoc1sco2n);/*outputbasicdetailsof4students*/for(i=0;i4;i+)printf(%-5d,stui.num);printf(%-12s,);printf(%-4c,stui.sex);printf(%-4d,stui.age);printf(%-5.1f,stui.score1);printf(%-5.1fn,stui.score2);,Runningresult：No.NameSexAgesoc1sco21001ZhangXinM2087911002WangLiF2098961003ChenFongM2186901004LiXiaopenM207786,eg10.4usearraysofstructureasfuntionparameters#includestruct.hvoidprint_stulist(structstudentstu)inti;printf(No.NameSexAgesoc1sco2n);for(i=0;i4;i+)printf(%-5d,stui.num);printf(%-12s,);printf(%-4c,stui.sex);printf(%-4d,stui.age);printf(%-5.1f,stui.score1);printf(%-5.1fn,stui.score2);,UseArrayofstructureasformalparameter,voidsort(structstudentst)inti,j;structstudenttemp;for(i=0;i4-1;i+)for(j=i+1;j4;j+)if(sti.score1stj.score1)temp=sti;sti=stj;stj=temp;,main()clrscr();print_stulist(stu);sort(stu);printf(listaftersorted:n);print_stulist1(stu);getch();,Structurearrayasformalparameter,Runningresult：No.NameSexAgesoc1sco21001ZhangXinM2087911002WangLiF2098961003ChenFongM2186901004LiXiaopenM207786listaftersorted:No.NameSexAgesoc1sco21002WangLiF2098961001ZhangXinM2087911003ChenFongM2186901004LiXiaopenM207786,10.4pointerpointedtodatatypeofstructure,Pointerofstructurevariable：structurevariableexistsinthestartingpositionofthestorage.voidprint_stulist(structstudentstu)inti;printf(No.NameSexAgesoc1sco2n);for(i=0;i4;i+)printf(%-5d,stui.num);printf(%-12s,);printf(%-4c,stui.sex);printf(%-4d,stui.age);printf(%-5.1f,stui.score1);printf(%-5.1fn,stui.score2);,modify！Usepointerwhichpointtostructureasformalparameter,eg10.5usepointertocallmemberofthestructurevariablevoidprint_stulist1(structstudent*p)inti;printf(No.NameSexAgesoc1sco2n);for(i=0;i4;i+)printf(%-5d,(*(p+i).num);printf(%-12s,(*(p+i).name);printf(%-4c,(*(p+i).sex);printf(%-4d,(*(p+i).age);printf(%-5.1f,(*(p+i).score1);printf(%-5.1fn,(*(p+i).score2);,Ifusefor(i=0;inext=p;,/*4.lastmovebackwards*/last=p;,Repeat24，whenx0,/*setpointerareaNULLwhichwaspointedbytailnodepointer，headpointermovebackwards(deletingheadnode)*/last-next=NULL;head=head-next;,main()structnode*head,*p,*last;intx;head=(structnode*)malloc(LEN);last=head;while(1)scanf(%d,#defineNULL0#defineLENsizeof(structnode)structnodeintnum;structnode*next;,p=head;head=head-next;free(p);,/*outputlinklist*/printf(“dataofthelinklistare:”)p=head;while(p!=NULL)printf(%5d,p-num);p=p-next;printf(n);getch();Runningresult：13250dataofthelinklistare:1325,Q：make2functionsforcreatinglinklistandoutputlinklist：,1.structnode*creat(void)2.voidprint(structnode*head),structnode*creat(void)/*createlinklistfunction*/structnode*head,*p,*last;intx;head=(structnode*)malloc(LEN);last=head;while(1)scanf(%d,2、outputlinklist1、installlinklist四、realizingbyfunction：,voidprint(structnode*head)/*outputlinklistfunction*/structnode*p;p=head;while(p!=NULL)/*traversingthelinklist*/printf(%5d,p-num);p=p-next;printf(n);getch();main()structnode*head;printf(inputdatatocreatlinklist(endbythenumberofnode）disposingmanner：(1)error(2)inserttothetail,structnode*insert(structnode*head,inti,intx)structnode*s,*p;s=(structnode*)malloc(LEN);s-num=x;if(head=NULL)head=s;s-next=NULL;/*1、inserttothenulllinklist*/elseif(i=0)/*non-nulllinklist*/s-next=head;head=s;/*2、newnodeasnewheadnodeoflinklist*/elsep=head;/*lookuptheistnode(pointedbyp)*/for(;p!=NULL,main()structnode*head;inti,x;printf(inputdatatocreatlinklist(endbynext;/*lookupthenodewhosevalueisx*/for(;p-num!=x,espescial：1、NULLlisthead=NULLerrorinformation2、deletetheheadnodepre-deleted：after-deleted：3、nosuchnodeerrorinformation,structnode*delete_list(structnode*head,intx)structnode*p,*q;if(head=NULL)/*1、blanklist*/printf(Error!Thelistisempty.n);elseif(head-num=x)/*2、deletethefirstnode*/head=head-next;elseq=head;p=q-next;for(;p-num!=x,10.5.5colligatedexample：menuprogramdesigning,/*=sortedlink_listoperater=*/*DesignedbySunQiaoping*/#includestdio.h;#defineNULL0#defineLENsizeof(structnode)structnodeintnum;structnode*next;charmenu(void);voidprint(structnode*head);structnode*insert_sortedlist(structnode*head,intx);structnode*creat_sortedlist(void);structnode*delete_list(structnode*head,intx);,main()structnode*head=NULL;inti,x,flag=1;charch;doch=menu();clrscr();switch(ch)case1:head=creat_sortedlist();break;case2:printf(inputanumbertoinsert.x=);scanf(%d,/*=menu=*/charmenu(void)charch;clrscr();printf(MENUn);/*puts()*/printf(=n);printf(1.creatn);printf(2.insertn);printf(3.deleten);printf(4.printn);printf(0.exitn);printf(=n);printf(Inputyourchoice(0,1,2,3,4):);ch=getchar();return(ch);,/*=insert=*/structnode*insert_sortedlist(structnode*head,intx)structnode*s,*p,*q;s=(structnode*)malloc(LEN);s-num=x;if(head=NULL)/*inserttoablanklist*/head=s;s-next=NULL;elseif(xnum)/*inserttoheadoflist*/s-next=head;head=s;elseq=head;p=