自动化专业英语考试题与复习

. Vocabulary(词汇)(40分)1.Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。每题1分，共10分)2.Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。每题1分，共10分，)3.Translate the following words and expressions into English(写出下列词组的英语。每题2分，共20分)Comprehension(阅读理解)(10分)4. Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误。10分). Translation翻译(50分)5.Translate the following sentences into Chinese(将下列句子翻译成汉语。共15分)6. Translate the following sentences into English(将下列句子翻译成英语。共15分) 7.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(将下段文章翻译成汉/英语.共10/20分)abbreviation1.半导体可控整流器，可控硅semiconductor controlled rectifier(SCR)2.比例积分微分控制器，PID 控制器proportional plus integral plus derivative controller3.不间断电源uninterruptible power supply(UPS)4.场效应晶体管field effect transistor(FET)5.多输入多输出控制系统multiple input multiple output control system(MIMO)6.单输入单输出控制系统single input single output control system(SISO)7.电流源逆变器current-source inverters(CSI)8.电压源逆变器voltage-source inverters(VSI)9.短期记忆short term memory(SIM)10.方法库way base(WB)11.方法库管理系统way base management system (WBMS)12.光符阅读机（OCR） optical character reader13.集成电路芯片IC(integrated circuit) chip14.交流电 alternating current(AC)15.可编程控制PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)16.脉宽调制 pluse-width modulation (PWM)17.气关式 air-to-close（AC）18.气开式 air-to-open（AO）19.人工智能 artificial intelligence(AI)20.直接数字控制，direct digital control (DDC) 21.运算放大器 operational Amplifier (OA)Vocabulary-11.Automatic control 自动控制 2.Dynamic system 动态系统3.Differential equation 微分方程4.Frequency response methods 频率响应方法 5.Root-locus methods 根轨迹的方法 6.Feedback control system 反馈控制系统7.Optimal control 最优控制Vocabulary-21.Forcing function2.Mathematical model 3.First-order differential equation4.Transient- response analysis5.Frequency- response analysis6.Ordinary differential equation7.Partial differential equation 8.The principle of superposition9.Linear time-invariant /time-varying system10.Nonlinear system Vocabulary-31.Control action2.Two-position or on off controllers3.Actuating error signal4.Closed-loop system5.Reference input signal6.Self-operated controllers7.Set point8.Flow rate9.Actuating element10.Differential gapVocabulary-41.Laplace transform2.rate control 速率控制，微分控制3.Reset rate 复位率4.transient period 过渡周期5. feedback path 反馈通道6. second-order 二阶的7. block diagram 方块图8.load disturbance 负荷（负载）扰动9.negative feedback 负反馈10.Fundamental principle 基本原则Vocabulary-51.scompensation technique 补偿技术、校正方法2.Performance specification 性能规范3.time-domain performance measures 时域性能指标4.Rise/settling time 上升/调整时间5. phase/ gain margin相位/增益裕度 6.trial-and-error approach 逐次逼近法7.Adjust parameter setting 调整参数设置8.steady-state behavior 稳态特性9.series compensation and feedback(or parallel) compensation串联校正和反馈(并联)校正10.lag-lead compensator 滞后/超前校正装置基于GPS/GPRS 的公交车自动报站系统设计摘要：结合GPS定位，对车辆的状态信息（位置、速度等）进行实时采集及分析，当车辆到达预定位置时，实现公交车的自动报站功能；通过GPRS网络，将公交车的状态信息及时传输到公交监控调度中心，然后通过中心上位机软件的操作，实现对公交车的监控调度、信息更新的功能.采用SD卡存储多条线路信息及MP3语音文件，便于公交车更换公交线路，同时实现高品质语音信息的播放.关键词：自动报站；GPS；GPRS；信息更新；监控调度Design of GPS/GPRS bus stop automatic announcer Design of Automatic Station Report System for Bus Based on GPS/Abstract: Combining GPS positioning technology, the bus status (information location, speed, etc.) in real-time are collected and analyzed. When the bus is scheduled to arrive at the location, the automatic station report functions is realized. Through the GPRS network, necessary bus status information should be transmitted to the bus monitor dispatching center timely, and then through the center of the operation of PC software, to achieve the function of the monitoring, scheduling and updating information. SD card is used to memorize the information of a number of lines and MP3 audio files, it is facilitated to replace bus lines , and at the same time high-quality voice information play is realized. Keywords: automatic station report; GPS; GPRS; information updating; monitoring; dispatching基于PD78F0034单片机的出租车计费器的设计与实现摘要:介绍了基于PD78F0034单片机和模块式结构的出租车计费器的软件和硬件设计方法,讨论了PD78F0034单片机的主要特点;介绍了该单片机和PC机串行通信的硬件连接方法;同时给出了采用单双信号防作弊技术来防止计费器作弊的具体实现方法。关键词：出租车计费器；PD78F003；串行通信；防作弊技术Abstract：The hardware and software design method of Taxi-meter based on PD78F0034 microcontroller and module structure are introduced in this paper. The main feature of microcontroller are discussed, and the hardware connection of the serial communication between the microcontroller and PC are also given. The anti-tampering technology for single and the double signal in taxi-meter is proposed here.Keywords: Taxi meter; PD78F0034; Serial communication; Anti-tampering technology (1) In 1922 Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships and showedhow stability could be determined from the differential equations describing the system1922年，迈那斯基研究用于驾驶船舶的自动控制器，并提出根据描述系统的微分方程可以决定定系统的稳定性。(3)反馈控制系统借助于参考输入和输出的偏差来实现相应的控制功能。A feedback control system tends to achieve the corresponding control with the aid of the difference between the reference input and the output of the system.(2)In an experimental investigation of a dynamic system，if cause and effect are proportional，thus implying that the principle of superposition holds，then system can be considered linear 对一个动态系统做实验研究，当系统的输入和输出成比例则说明其满足叠加原理，那么该系统可以被认为是线性系统。(2)数学模型是对一个实际物理系统动态特性的数学描述，微分方程和传递函数是最常用的形式。The mathematical description of the dynamic characteristics of a system is called a mathematical model, the most usual form are the differential equation and the transfer-function(1)We shall give a brief discussion of methods for reducing the effects of external disturbances on the system performance我们将简要地讨论在系统运行时减小外部扰动对系统影响的方法。(3)These are the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop这些设备和产品是科研和技术人员共同开发出来的。 (3)铸造是把原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。Foundry is the most simple method to process the raw material into products .(2) The derivative time Td is the time interval by which the rate action advances the effect of the proportional control action 微分时间常数 Td是指微分作用超前比例作用效果的时间间隔大小。(3) PID控制器是一种在工业过