英语中句子的种类

（三）句子的种类句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句；从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。按使用目的分：一、 陈述句That boy always helps others.Tom was not at home yesterday.He is too late to catch the bus.二、 疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句）Are you a doctor?How often do you have an English party?Which would you like better, tea or coffee?She is too young to go to school, is she?三、 感叹句（一） What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！=（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is! = How beautiful a girl she is!(三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！What beautiful girls they are!(四) What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What fine weather it is!(五) How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the dog is!(六) How+主语+谓语！How time flies!四、 祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。）Be quiet!Dont be late!从结构上分：一、 简单句（句子只包含一个主谓结构。）如，五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：主系表基本句型二：主谓基本句型三：主谓宾基本句型四： 主谓间宾直宾 基本句型五 主谓宾宾补.二、 并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。）由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不同，并列句可以分为以下几种： 1.表示联合关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词and （和），not only . but also. （不但而且）等来连接，这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and一般不译出来。1. We bought her a birthday present,_ she liked it very much. A. so B. or C. and D. but 2. Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day? Oh, not only my father,_ my grandpa got red roses. A. or B. and C. but D. until 2表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用but （但是；可是），yet（可是；然而），while （而）等来连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。 1. Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love to,_ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and 2. The doctors tried their best to save the patients life,_ failed A. or B. so C. but D. because 3.表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词or（或者），either or （要么，要么）等连接。 1. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 2. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _ too big _ too small. A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or D. not only; but also 3. “Are you going to eat here _ take it away?” asked the waiter. A. and B. so C. or D. but。 4.表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词so（因此；所以），for（因为）等连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。 1. Mother was ill,_ Father cooked for us instead. A. but B. or C. so D. and 2. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_ look both ways before crossing the street A. so B. and C. but D. for 特殊的并列句1. 祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”。2. 例如： Study hard,_ you are sure to have a good result in the exam. A. or B. and C. for D. but 3. 2. 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”4. 例如： 1. Be quick,_ well be late for class. A. or B. so C. and D. but 2. Come a little earlier next time,_ youll miss the best part of the TV play. A. and B. but C. or D. till 三、复合句 复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。 主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词 引导。 我们至今学过的从句有：定语从句， 名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），和状语从句。 1. 定语从句 He is the man who wants to see you. 2. 同位语从句 She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. 注意：定语和同位语从句的区别。 3. 表语从句 This is what we should do 4. 宾语从句（注意it做形式宾语） Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. (it做形式宾语）