英语语言学平时测验及答案

QuizI. True or False (50%)1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. ( T )2. Linguistics studies particular language, not language in general. ( F )3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguists think. ( F )4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. ( T )5. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. ( T )6. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. ( F )7. English is a typical tone language. ( F )8. The basic principle of IPA is using a different letter for each distinguishable speech sound. ( F )9. Both phonology and phonetics are studies of speech sound. ( T )10. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. ( T )11. The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken, but not writing. ( F )12. The open-class words include prepositions. ( F )13. In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. ( F )14. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development. ( F )15. Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. ( F )16. Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds. ( T )17. Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted. ( F )18. The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation. ( F )19. The number of closed class words is stable forever. ( F )20. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme,thus making the two phones similar. (T )21. The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception. (F )22. A productive morphological rule can be applied to all words. ( F )23. Sometimes derivation can apply more than once and it is possible to create multiple levels of word structure. ( T )24. Both inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes are bound morphemes. ( T )25. The meaning of a compound can be derived from the meanings of its constituent morphemes. ( F )II. Multiple Choice Items (50%)1. Language users can send messages which no one else has ever sent before, which results from _of language. ( B ) A. displacement B. productivityC. arbitrariness D. universality2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants 1 and r are classified as _.( A ) A. liquids B. affricatesC. stops D. fricatives3. The morpheme “-al” in the common word “literal” is a(n) _.( B )A. root B. derivational affixC. inflectional affix D. free morpheme4. Often referred to as a design feature of language, _ enables speakers to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences that they have neither spoken nor heard before.( B )A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrariness5. _ phoneticians study speech sounds from the speakers point of view.They study the process of how a speaker uses his/her speech organs to produce sounds.( C )A.ArticulatoryB.AuditoryC.AcousticD.General6. Morphemes such as -er, -en, in-are all called _.( C )A.free morphemesB.inflectional morphemesC.affixesD.roots7. There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and_, which is our linguistic performance. ( B )A. creation B. communicationC. comprehension D. perception8.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced _,respectively. ( A )A. affricates B. stopsC. velars D. palatals9.Morphemes which represent such grammatical categories as number, tense, gender, and case are called _ morphemes. ( D )A. free B. boundC. derivational D. inflectional10. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. ( D )A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistics11. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. ( B )A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable12. A historical study of language is a _ study of language. ( B )A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative13. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meaning. ( B )A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas14. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in _. ( B )A. the place of articulation B. the obstruction of airstreamC. the position of the tongue C. the shape of the lips15. What phonetic feature distinguish the “p” in “please” and the “p” in “speak”? ( B )A. voicing B. aspiration C. roundness D. nasality16. The famous quotation from Shakespeares play “Romeo and Juliet” “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrates_.( A )A. the arbitrary nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of language D. the big difference between human language and animal communication17. Of the following sound combination, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules of phonology in English. ( A )A. bilk B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk18. What the element “-es” indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element “-ed” past tense, and “-ing” progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also_.( C )A. phonemes B. morphemes C. allophones D. phones19. The study of language as a whole is often called _ linguistics. ( B )A. particular B. general C. ordinary D. generative20. The word “boyish” contains two _.( A )A. morphemes B. morphs C. phonemes D. allophones21. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistics behavior, it is said to be_.( C )A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistics2