分词和不定式作表语的区别

分词和不定式作表语的区别 (1)分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。 一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。 所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的 Travelling is interesting but tiring The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much The argument is very convincing他的论点很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news The shout was _and the boys felt _. (frighten) The girl let out a _ cry at the sight of the snake. (frighten) I have never seen a more _ movie.(move) (2)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither-次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 注意：如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 如果主语是动名词（表示条件），表语也是动名词（表示结果） To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 Saving is _. =To save is _. 节约即是收入。(have) 注意:如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future (3) 动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps他的爱好是集邮。 Her job is _(give) piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is _ (teach) the children how to dance. 作定语 分词和不定式作定语的区别 (1)分词作定语 分词作定语时有下面几个特点： eq oac(,1)1现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。 The question discussed yesterday is important. eq oac(,2)2现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 He rushed into the burning house The child standing over there is my brother The room facing south is our classroom朝南的房间是我们的教室。 Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? He is an advanced teacher他是个先进教师。 1. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _ ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take (2）不定式作定语 eq oac(,1)1不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系 He was the last one to leave school yesterday 昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。 The train to arrive was from London 将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。 eq oac(,2)2不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系 Get him something to eat给他拿点儿东西吃。 She has a lot of work to do in the morning早上他有很多工作要做。 eq oac(,3)3不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。 I need a pen to write with我需要一支笔写字。 There is nothing to worry about没有什么值得发愁的。 eq oac(,4)4被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next， second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。 eq oac(,5)5不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。 I have nothing to do. John will do anything but work on a farm 除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。 (3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for fromBeijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？ Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ The song _ (learn) last week is very interesting. 上周所学的那首歌很有趣。 Who is the woman _us geography next year? （ teach ） The woman _ over there is Mrs Black. (read) . We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. (09山东) A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding The question_ discuss) this afternoon is very important. 今天要讨论的问题很重要。 The question_ (discusse)last night is very important. 昨晚所讨论的问题很重要。 The question _(discuss) now is very important. 现在所讨论的问题很重要。 The captain was the last one_ (leave)the sinking ship. The prisoner ,_ the guard and run away , was caught by the police the next day . A.killed B. killing C. having killed D. to kill 作宾语补足语 1感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（既不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如： I heard her sing an English song just now. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard the English song sung many times. I saw him_( go) into the teachersoffice. 我见他进入了老师的办公室了。 I found them _(walk) in the street. 我发现他们在街上溜达。 He spoke slowly to make himself _ (understand) better. 他说得很慢来使自己更好地被人理解。 3have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如 Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow. 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受”之意。如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行） get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如： I wont have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。 Dont have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me. She had her wallet _( steal) last week. Ill have John _(help) you. 二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如： The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. The school doesnt allow us _( swim) in the river. Father encourages me _( do) what I like. 三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to： 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe