选修七 Unit 3语法

Grammar,动词-ing形式的被动式动词-ing形式的被动式,其构成为“being+动词的过去分词”,可在句中作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语和状语,但不能单独作谓语,其完成形式为havingbeendone,多在句中作状语。,如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为所表示的动作的承受者，动词-ing形式要用被动语态，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。1)一般式:,Beingbadlywounded,thewhalesoondied.Georgedidntlikebeingkeptwaiting.Iamnotinterestedinthetopicbeingdiscussed.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.他害怕被老师责骂。,此外,动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在句中构成复合宾语。如：Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。Heoftenwatchedtheboatsbeingunloaded.他常常看轮船卸货。Asweapproachedthevillagewesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。,而且在want,need,deserve,require等动词后,尽管表示的是被动含义,我们却用动词-ing形式，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如：Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干净。Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.=Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.那个破窗户需要修理。,在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样:Hermethodisworthtrying.她的方法值得试一下。,2)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninclass.,【拓展延伸】,在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作是现在正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，我们可以用现在分词的被动。,(1)作定语Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。Heaskedwhowasthemanbeingoperatedon.他问这时动手术的人是谁。,(2)构成复合结构Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。Heoftenwatchedtheboatedbeingunloaded.他常常看轮船卸货。,(3)作状语Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldntverywellrefuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。,有时还有完成被动形式：Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldseletitslipaway?人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.决议既已做出,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了。,动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?1.Sobeingkilledbysharkswasacommonoccurrence.2.Hedidntmindbeingleftathome.3.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.4.Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.5.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?,主语subject,宾语object,定语attributive,状语adverbial,状语adverbial,Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose,高考链接,Choosetherightanswer.,2._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed分析:本句中expose与onesskin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C。,3.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught,分析:leadto中的to是介词,后接动词-ing形式作宾语。“小偷被抓”应用动词-ing的被动形式beingcaught,所以选C。,4._twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten,5._manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold【答案】D考查非谓语的用法。【点拨】tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用havingbeendone来表示被动和完成。,6.IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention_whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted【答案】B本题考查非谓语动词的完成式。Mention后面跟动名词，且promote与he为动宾关系，故应用V-ing的被动形式，又因为“提升”在“打电话”之前，故用完成时。,【练习I】1.-WhatmadeBillsoangry?-_.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasntcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeptwaitingD.Beingkeptwaited,B,2.Thebuilding_inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughtheresnoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.builtB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt,D,3.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch4.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Excellent,itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread,C,C,5.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded,C,6.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited,D,7.Thediscoveryofnewvehicleledto_.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught,C,8.Tonywasveryangryat_toahigherposition.A.InotpromotingB.mynotbeingpromotedC.notmebeingpromotedD.notpromoted,B,9.Youcantimaginewhatgreattroubletheyhave_theproblem_.A.tosolve;beingdiscussedB.solving;beingtalkedaboutC.tosolve;totalkaboutD.solving;todiscuss,B,10.-Car17wontherace.-Yes,butitsdrivercamecloseto_.A.havingkilledB.havingbeenkilledC.bekilledD.beingkilled,D,11._fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australianhadmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated,C,12.-Atrafficjam?-Oh,no._therightsideoftheroadisclosedforthetimebeing.A.ToberepairedB.BeingrepairedC.RepairedD.Havingrepaired,B,【练习II】改错,1.Wecongratulatedhimonhiselectingchairman.,beingelectingchairman,【解析】非谓语动词elect的逻辑主语为him,它们之间存在被动关系，故用beingelected。,2.Hedidntmindnottoinvitetotheball.,beinginvited,【解析】invite与句子主语之间为被动关系，有因为mind后跟动名词，故使用动名词的被动形式；其否定形式是在非谓语动词的最前面加not。,3.Icanhardlyimaginetheworktobedonewithinfivedays.,beingdone,【解析】imagine后只能跟动名词,且do与thework之间存在被动关系,故用动名词的被动形式。,4.Hebeingbeatenatchesswasagreatsurprisetous.,Hisbeingbeaten,【解析】动名词作主语时，其前可以加一个物主代词或名词的所有格形式来表示其逻辑主语，但不能使用人称代词或普通名词。,【练习III】用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Iappreciated_(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.2.Ourneighborcamecloseto_(kill)inatrafficaccidenttheotherday.,beinggiven/havingbeengiven,beingkilled,3.Whileshopping,wesometimescanthelp_(persuade)tobuywhatwedontreallyneed.4.Itmademeupsettohearthenewsofhis_(fire)fromthatgoodjob.5.Theforeignfriendsyoureferredtoarelookingforwardto_(show)aroundournewlybuiltlanguagelab.,beingshown,beingpersuaded,beingfired/havingbeenfired,IV.将下列句子翻译成英语。他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。