初中英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时

现在完成时The Present Perfect课前热身1.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . writes B.wrote C.has written2,I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A.have made B.have been C.made D. have become4.Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better 5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished 讨论展示1、分组讨论，说出以上句子主要用了哪种时态？2、你能讲出该时态的构成吗？ 现在完成时一 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二句型：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)3、请归纳出现在完成时的主要用法，通过哪些词语来提示？现在完成时用法1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语：already，yet, so far，never，just，before，recently，I have already lost my key.（说明过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。） 你能举例吗？2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。for+一段时间，since+一段时间 I have known him for ten years.I have known him since ten years ago .（从开始认识到现在延续了十年）你能举例吗？4、请比较： He has been to the US . He has gone to the US . He has been in the US for three years .5、请看句子：He has come to school for two hours .对吗？For 和since要用延续性动词，如果是短暂性动词要改为相应的延续性动词，例如：leave/go- be away come-be here/be inbuy- have, borrow-keepjoin-be in/a member of die-be dead, begin/start- be on finish- be over 5、你能用英语说出他们吗？ 1）、玛丽上午七点到了学校。 2）、她在学校学习两个小时了。 The keys:1）、Mary got to school at seven .2) 、She has studied at school for two hours. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。 如： He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间) 2、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。 如： Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) 3、 两种时态的区分 (1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词have /has +过去分词。 (2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等； 而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。 （3）看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？ Have you seen the film?(A) Did you see the film?(B) 说明 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 How has he done it?(A) How did he do it?(B) 说明他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B) 说明他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。 测评提升1、单项选择：1）、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _it twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see 2）、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone3）、Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying 4）、 His father _ the Party since 1998 . .joined . has joined . was in . has been in 5）、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 6|、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still 7）、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 8）、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . Is . has been . Will be . was 9）、 Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone . went .will go . has been 10）、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 2、用适当的时态填空：1）. She _ (live) here for ten years .2）. Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.3）. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).4) . Mary_(lose) her pen . _ you _ (see) it anywhere?5）. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?6）. -Are you thirsty?-No ，I _ just _