高中英语语法虚拟语气PPT课件.ppt

.,1,Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气,.,2,英语有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气,1.陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)陈述事实,提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!,.,3,2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)表请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Letshaveatalk.Dontjumpinthequeue.,.,4,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,.,5,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+did（be动词用were),主语+should,would,might,coulddo,If+主语+haddone,主语should,would,might,couldhavedone,1、If+主语+did2、If+主语+wereto+do3、If+主语+should+do,主语should,wouldmight,coulddo,.,6,eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.,如果我是你，我就会更努力学习,如果我知道他的电话号码的话，我就给他打电话了,如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛,IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.,IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.,Ifitshouldweretorain,wewouldcalloff/cancelthematch.,Morepractice:,.,7,Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould,IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.,.,8,IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.,.,9,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.,.,10,a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?,were,wouldtake,burst,wouldhappen,PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.,.,11,c.Ifthepoliceman_(benot)inthatroom,it_(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_(be)inyourposition,I_(ask)fortheteachershelp.,werenot,couldbe,were,wouldask,.,12,Ifhe_(drive)morecarefully,he_(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,.,13,IfI_(learn)howtoswim,I_(be)trappedinthisisland.,hadlearnt,wouldnothavebeen,.,14,a.IfTom_(be)morecarefulintheexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.,hadbeen,wouldhavepassed,hadgot/gotten,wouldhavecaught,PRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.,.,15,c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.,hadmet,wouldhavegone,.,16,Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.,.,17,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？,Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.,假如他看见我,就会认识我。,Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.,.,18,a.Ifthere_(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we_(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What_(happen)ifyou_(getup)toolatetomorrow?,shouldbe,shouldmake,wouldhappen,shouldgetup,PRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks,.,19,c.IfRobots_(control)theworldsomeday,here_(be)nofriendship.,weretocontrol,wouldbe,.,20,真实条件句时态关系条件状从主句一般现在时shall/will+V原Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.,a.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。b.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。,.,21,Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined,答案B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。,.,22,ATTENTION：在真实条件句中,主句不用begoingto表将来,而用shall/will.(wrong)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(correct)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.,.,23,2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+V原,而直接用一般现在时。,.,24,使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：,当条件状从的动作和主句的动作所发生的时间不一致时，叫做：错综时间条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.,Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.,如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了,如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了,.,25,Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.,.,26,2.if从句中，省略if，将were，had，should提前，位于句首，形成倒装结构。not不能放在前面。,IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadnotseenhimthen,Iwouldnthavebeenveryhappy.HadInotseenhimthen,Iwouldnthavebeenveryhappy.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.,.,27,3、含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用介词with，without，butfor（要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise或inthatcase(如果是那样的话)。,.,28,1.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasbusythen.=IfIhadntbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.2.Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.,.,29,Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.drove;didntgetdrove;wouldntgetweredriving;wouldntgethaddriven;wouldnthavegot,.,30,_itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will,.,31,Ifyou_withGeorgeearlier,you_soangrynow.talked;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnotbewouldtalk;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnothavebeen,.,32,Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver_soseriouslynow.isnotpollutedwouldnotbepollutedhadnotbeenpollutedwouldnothavebeenpolluted,.,33,Withoutelectricity,humanbeinglife_quitedifferenttoday.iswillbewouldhavebeenwouldbe,.,34,Butforhishelp,I_.shouldnothavesucceededhavenotsucceededdidnotsucceedhadnotsucceeded,.,35,Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.hadscoredscoredwouldscorewouldhavescored,.,36,Whydidntyoubuyit?I_butIdidnthavethemoney.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.hadhadD.hadbought,.,37,二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用,（1）用于宾语从句,、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：,表现在did/were表过去haddone表将来would,might,coulddo,Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcould/mightgo.,.,38,Iwish(that)he_(visit)ustomorrow.Iwish(that)he_(visit)ustoday.Iwishhe_(visit)usyesterday.,would/could/mightvisit,visited,hadvisited,.,39,2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,insist,(一坚持)order,command,(二命令)suggest,advise,propose,(三建议)require,request,demand,desire(四要求).,Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.,注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“时，insist表示”坚持认为“时，用陈述语气。,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.,Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.,他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意,那个人坚持说他没有偷钱,.,40,注意：suggest:表明，暗示陈述语气建议虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_（be)illandthatshe_(send)tohospitalimmediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为陈述语气坚持主张，坚持要求虚拟语气Heinsistedthathe_(notsteal)themoneyandinsistedthathe_(set)free.,was,(should)besent,hadntstolen,(should)beset,.,41,Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing_untilthepeoplearrived.A.didnttouchB.touchedC.betouchedD.touch,.,42,在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“shoulddo”should可以省略,（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句,Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.,Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.,Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,.,43,A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)thatsb.should+do我们有必要出去散散步。Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2她这样做是很自然的。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.,（3）虚拟语气在在主语从句中,.,44,B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required.thatsb.(should)doItisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.,C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat.Sb.(should)+doItsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.,.,45,Itisstrangethathedidntcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatshecantsing.Itisstrangethatthelazyboy_passtheexam.A.hasB.shouldC.wouldD.might,.,46,1.Itis(high/about)timethatsbshoulddo/didsth.,三、虚拟语气在其他从句中,Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.,2.Ifonly（要是该有多好啊),IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!,.,47,Imgettingtired;itstimewe_home.A.goB.aregoingC.wentD.shouldbegoing,.,48,3.wouldrather+从句现在/将来did过去haddone,Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.,.,49,asif/asthough（好像）+从句与现在相反did/were与过去相反haddone与将来相反would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.(区分evenif/though),.,50,注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,.,51,5.evenif(eventhough)即使,Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.,EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.,.,52,6.当incase,lest,forfearthat等引导状语从句时,从句用(should)+do。eg.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.在此类情况中,incase引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气,如:eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.,.,53,四情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以-mighthavedone本来可能-should/oughttohavedone本来应该做-shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不该做-你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldnthavetoldherthetruth.neednthavedone本不必做-比较：didntneedtodo没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididntneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做-,我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的,Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.,.,54,Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there_noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.was,C,A,A,A,.,55,5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen8.You_comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have,B,B,c,A,.,56,虚拟语气高考链接,1.Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did,析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立，可以理解为IwouldhavecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoingto可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。,.,57,2.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English_mucheasier.(NMET)A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe,析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。,虚拟语气高考链接,3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_therules.(NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey,析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。,.,58,虚拟语气高考链接,4.IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee,析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。,5.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe,析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。,.,59,6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_.(NMET)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时asif从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。,虚拟语气高考链接,.,60,7._it_foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Shoul