初中英语第九讲：动词分类

第九讲：动词分类教学目标1.掌握动词的分类 2.各种动词的基本用法3.及物动词和不及物动词的用法教学建议1. 要求学生必须熟练掌握动词分类，熟练运用所学知识做题2. 引导学生透彻理解动词的用法，并能够灵活运用；3. 本堂课主要为复习课，所以应以学生为主题，逐步引领学生回顾所学过的知识点，可以采取师生问答、任务教学等教学方法，激发学生的学习兴趣。.入门一测：（ ）1. Neither of us _ a doctor.A. amB. areC. isD. were（ ）2. He _ a famous writer.A. turnsB. becomeC. has becomeD. has turned（ ）3. The girls face _ red.A. turnedB. gotC. feelD. look（ ）4. He _ very glad.A. lookedB. turnedC. feelD. looks（ ）5. The flowers _ fragrant （芳香）.A. getB. smellsC. smellD. feels（ ）6. The table _ very smooth.A. lookB. turnC. feelsD. smell（ ）7. Jack _ younger than Tom.A. lookB. feelC. feelsD. looks（ ）8. She looks _.A. happyB. to be happyC. happilyD. that she is happy、动词分类一、什么是动词动词是用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态动词）的词，例如：The boy runs fast.（这个男孩跑得快。）runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.（他是个男孩。）is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态二、动词的分类动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类，即行为动词（也称实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。（一）行为动词行为动词（实义动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。例如：I live in Beijing with my mother.（我和我妈妈住在北京。）live，住It has a round face.（它有一张圆脸。）has，有（二）连系动词连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语，例如：We are in Grade Two this year.（今年我们在两年级。）are，是are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。连系动词可具体分为三类：1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如：He is a teacher.（他是个教师。）He was a soldier two years ago.（两年前他是个士兵。）We are Chinese.（我们是中国人。）2、表示“感觉”的词，如look（看起来），feel（觉得，摸起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来）等，例如：She looked tired.（她看一去很疲劳。）I feel ill.（我觉得不舒服。）Cotton feels soft.（棉花摸起来很软。）The story sounds interesting.（这个故事听起来很有趣。）The flowers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）The mixture tasted horrible.（这药水太难喝了。）3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”，例如：She became a college student.（她成了一名大学生。）He feels sick. His face turns white.（他感到不舒服，他的脸色变苍白了。）The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.（春天来了，天气变得暖和些了，白天也变得较长些了。）He grew old.（他老了。）难点解释注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词，又可以作为连系动词。1、look看；看起来He is looking at the picture.（他正在看这图片。）行为动词It looks beautiful.（它看上去很美丽。）连系动词2、fell摸；感觉1）I felt someone touch my arm.（我感到有人碰我的手臂。）行为动词Are you felling better today than before?（你今天比以前感到好些了吗？）连系动词3、smell嗅；闻起来My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.（我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。）行为动词Great! The flowers smell nice.（这些花闻起来多香啊！）连系动词4、sound弄响，发音；听起来The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.（在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。）行为动词The gun sounded much closer.（枪声听起来更近了。）连系动词5、taste辨味；尝起来Please taste the soup.（请尝一口汤。）行为动词The soup tastes terrible.（这汤尝起来味道太差了。）连系动词6、get得到，获得；变There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.（桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。）行为动词7、grow生长，种植；变Do you grow rice in your country?（你们的国家种水稻吗？）行为动词Its too late. Its growing dark.（太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。）连系动词8、turn转动，翻动，使变得；变The earth turns around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）行为动词When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.（春天来了，树叶变经绿了，花儿开了。）连系动词上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等，既可以作连系动词，又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢？有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。例如：The trees turn/are green when spring comes.（春天来临，树叶变绿。）The earth rurns around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词，意为“转动”。无法以is替换。（三）助动词这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如：He does not speak English well.（他英语讲得不好。）句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not一起构成否定形式。A dog is running after a cat.（一条狗正在追逐一只猫。）句中的is 是助动词，和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗？）句中的did是助动词，既表示一般过去时，又和动词have一起构成疑问。（四）情态动词这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，例如：I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能, 会He cant walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）cant, 不必May I come in？（我可以进来吗？）may, 可以三.及物动词与不及物动词行为动词（即实义动词）按其是否需要宾语，可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。（一）及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整，例如：Give me some ink, please.（请给我一些墨水。）If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.（如果你们有问题，你们可以举手，。）（二）不及物动词后面不能跟宾语，意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词，构成短语动词，相当于一个及物动词。例如：He works hard.（他工作努力。）Jack jruns faster than Mike.（杰克跑步比迈克要快些。）Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.（请看黑板，听我说。）He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.（这次他得了个“A”，因为他仔细地复习了功课。）难点解释1、许多动词可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别，例如：Who is going to speak at the meeting?（谁打算在会上发言？）speak, 不及物动词Few people outside China speak Chinese.（在中国外很少人讲汉语。）speak,及物动词2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的，而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如：He is waiting for you.（他在等你。）英语wait为不及物动词，汉语“等”为及物动词。Serve the people.（为人民服务。）英语serve为及物动词，汉语“服务”为不及物动词。 、同步练习1. My brother _ a teacher. He _ his pupils very much.A. is, likeB. is, likesC. are, likesD. are, like2. A: How many days _ there in a week?B: There _ seven.A. is, isB. are, areC. is, areD. are, is3. I _ tired last night.A. becameB. feltC. lookedD. am4. Her face _ pale（苍白）when she heard the bad news.A. gotB. isC. turnedD. was5. You _ pale. Whats wrong with you?A. turnB. seemC. lookD. become6. The boy _ ill today.A. areB. isC. beD. am7. Which _ bigger, the sun or the moon?A. areB. isC. beD. 8. Neither she nor I _ a doctor.A. am notB. amC. areD. is9. I _ a worker next year.A. amB. will beC. beD. will10. Her voice _ like my mothers.A. soundsB. soundC. looksD. look11. It often rains and the crops _ fast.A. getB. turnC. growD. become12. A: How are you _ now?B: Much better, thank you.A. gettingB. feelingC. makingD. turning13. The teachers smile made me _ better.A. feelB. to feelC. feelingD. felt14. My English teacher _.A. all look youngB. looks youngC. look youngD. all looks young15. I _ busy now, but I _ free next week.A. am, amB. am, willC. am, will beD. being, will be16. I _ at this school for about two months.A. amB. will beC. have beenD. was17. My brother _ in the League for about five years.A. have beenB. has beenC. wasD. is18. Come to my office if you _ free tomorrow.A. areB. will beC. wasD. is19. If water _ heated, it will be _ into vapour （蒸气）.A. was, turnedB. is, turnedC. is. getD. was, got20. If you dont take back what you just said, Mother _ angry.A. isB. will beC. getD. feels（二）用smell，taste，go，get，become，grow，seem，look，feel，turn的适当形式填空1. You _ _ _ very young.2. At first those questions_ _ _easy, but later I found them difficult.3. After the sports meeting, he _ _ _very tired.4. My younger brother _ _ _a student last year.5. When we_ _ _ up, were going to help build up our country.6. The flowers _ _ _very sweet.7. Her face _ _ _red.8. Jack _ _ _very happy.9. The mooncake _ _ _good.10. The meat_ _ _bad.（三）把下列各句译成英语：1. 以她的年龄而言，她看起来很年轻。 2. 天色渐黑，咱们回家吧。 3. 他好象匆忙的样子。 4. 为什么他感到悲伤？ 5. 我祖母的头发变白了。 6. 约翰成了一名好学生。 7. 1995年我哥哥成了一名解放军战士。 8. 他来看我时，我在生病。 9. 整天工作后，汤姆感觉又饿又累。 10. 听到这个好消息时，她的脸色变红。 11. 他的答案似乎正确。 12. 别喝这牛奶，它已经变酸了。 13. 别出声，请保持安静。 14. 我们应该永远保持谦虚谨慎。 15. 那听起来是个好主意。 16. 我国正变得越来越强大。 17. 足球是我最喜欢的运动。 18. 像是个好天。 19. 我们必须准备好去那儿。 20. 这汤闻起来很香。 加油站1( ) 1 -Have you got some water to drink?-Here you are. There_ still some in the bottle.A. are B. were C. is D. was( ) 2 _ there many American friends in the school last Friday?A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were( ) 3 There _ a great many accidents last year.A. were B. are C. is D. was( ) 4 -How many children _ in the picture?-Three.A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there( ) 5. In 1850, about a third of U. S. A_ covered by forests.A. were B. has been C. / D. was( ) 6. Most of our earth_ covered by water.A. are B. is C. was D. were( ) 7. Sunday _ the first day of the week.A. is B. are C. am D. be( ) 8. Neither_right.A. answers are B. answers arent C. answer is D. answer isnt( ) 9. The population of the world _ still _ now.A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown( ) 10. There _ many people running in the park every morning.A. is B. were C. are D. have( ) 11.These police often_the children across the street.A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping( ) 12. _ going to England by air next week.A. The Green family are B. The Greens family areC. The Greens family are D. Green family are( ) 13. The whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now.A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all( ) 14. Our class _ big.A. is B. are C. were D. will( ) 15. Neither he nor I _ from Canada. We are from Australia.A. is B. are C. am D. be( ) 16. Either you or he _ right.A. are B. is C. does D. were( ) 17.Neither Mary nor her brother_ good at singing.A. is B. are C. is not D. are not ( ) 18Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary _ busy.A. is B. was C. are D. has( ) 19 Physics _ interesting to us.A. are B. has C. is D. were( ) 20 The news_ exciting. We got excited at it.A. is B. was C. were D. are( ) 21. Though mathematics_ hard, we all work at it hard.A. are B. were C. was D. is教学反思教学效果下次课设想参考答案入门一侧1. C 2. C3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A（一）1. B2. B3. B4. C5. C6. B7. B8. B9. B10. A 11. C