美国文学题型

一选择题1. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as _C_. （东北师大2006研） A. The Naturalist Period B. The Modern Period C. The Romantic Period D. The Realistic Period2. Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle is famous for_D_.（天外2008研）A. Rips escape into a mysterious B. The storys German legendary source materialC. Rips seeking for happinessD. Rips 20-years sleep3. Rip Van Winkle reveals the theme of _A_ the past.A. nostalgia B. rejection to C. detachment from D. dislike for4. Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle got ideas from _C_ legends. （西南大学2004研）A. British B. Italian C. German D. French 5. _C_ has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced.”A. Melville B. Whitman C. Irving D. Hawthorne6. In Rip Van Winkle the drastic political changes in the lapsed 20 years are suggested by all the following except _C_. （北二外2005研）A. the flag of the US B. the portrait of George Washington C. the graves of the dead Union soldiers D. the mention of election and Congress7Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving?（中南2006研）CA. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irvings relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. Irvings taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced.8. Henry David Thoreaus work, _A_, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. Walden B. The Pioneers C. Nature D. Song of Myself9. There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity, which author of the following authors does the mention belong to_C_.A. Washington Irving B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman10. In Hawthornes novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as _B_.A. saviors B. villains C. commentators D. observers11. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind is a famous quote from_D_s writings.A. Walt Whitman B. Henry David ThoreauC. Herman Melville D. Ralph Waldo Emerson12. The Publication of _A_established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. Nature B. Self-Reliance C. The American Scholar D. The Over-Soul13. The phrase a transparent eye-ball compares philosophical mentation of Emersons. It appears in_B_.A. The American Scholar B. Nature C. The over Soul D. Essays: Second Series14. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _C_at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmeasas :Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence.A. Self-Reliance B. Divinity School Address C. The American Scholar D. Nature15. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is_C_, therefore, self-reliant.A. insignificant B. vicious by nature C. divine D. forward-looking16. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature? AA. The Sketch Book B. Leaves of Grass C. Leather Stocking Tales D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn17. _C_ is the first American to achieve an international literary reputation in the American literary history.A. Cooper B. Whitman C. Irving D. Hawthorne.18. _A_ is the author of the work The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.A. Washington Irving B. James Joyce C. Walt Whitman D. William Butler Yeats19. Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle is famous for_D_.A. Rips escape into a mysterious B. The storys German legendary source materialC. Rips seeking for happiness D. Rips 20-years sleep20.Rip Van Winkle reveals the theme of _A_ the past.A. nostalgia B. rejection to C. detachment from D. dislike for21. Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle got ideas from _C_ legends.A. British B. Italian C. German D. French22. _C_ has always been regarded as a writer who perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced. A. Melville B. Whitman C. Irving D. Hawthorne23. In Rip Van Winkle the drastic political changes in the lapsed 20 years are suggested by all the following except _C_. A. the flag of the US B. the portrait of George Washington C. the graves of the dead Union soldiers D. the mention of election and Congress24.In his_Autobiography_, Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boys rise from _poors_to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.(天津外国语2008)25.The first symbol of self-made American man is _D_.A. George Washington B. Washington Irving C. Thomas Jefferson D. Benjamin Franklin26. Thomas Paines Commen Sense_ states that “Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in his worst state an intolerable one”.27. It is a critical commonplace now that American literature is based on a myth, that is _C_. A. the ancient Greek myth of ZeusB. the British myth of the Saint Grail C. the Biblical myth of the Garden of EdenD. the Legend of the Sleepy Hollow28. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at _A_.A. Jamestown B. New York C. Boston D. Concord29. What is the analogy that Emily Dickinson uses in the her poem “Because I could stop for Death” ?AA. Horse and carriageB. Stage and performanceC. Cloud and shadeD. Ship and harbor30. In “I heard a Fly buzz -when I died” and “Because I could not stop for Death,” Emily Dickinsons attitude toward death is that of _C_.A. eager embrace B. helpless anxietyC. peaceful acceptance D. terrified despair31. Perhaps Emily Dickinsons greatest interpretation of the moment of _D_ is to be found in “I heard a Fly buzz-when I died”, a poem universally regarded as one of her masterpieces.A. fantasy B. birth C. crisis D. death32. Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, of which only _C_ had appeared during her lifetime.Athree Bfive Cseven Dnine33. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Emily Dickinson and her poetry? BAShe remained unmarried all her life BShe wrote, 1,775 poems, and most of them were published during her life time. CHer poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. DHer limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.34. In general, the American woman poet _B_ wanted to live simply as a complete independent being，and so she did，as a spinster.A. Anne Bret B. Emily Dickinson C. Anna Dickinson D. Emily Shaw35. Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as（D）, immortality, religion, love and nature. A. progress B. freedom C. beauty D. death36. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is not a usual subject of her poetic expression? DA. Religion. B. Life and death. C. Love and marriage. D. War and peace. 37. Most of Emily Dickinsons poems were published _D_.A. When she was young. B. After her failed love affairC. In her old age. D. After her death.二作家作品1. William Cullen Bryant ：To a Waterfowl致水鸟 Thanatopsis 死亡随想The Yellow Violet 黄色堇香花2Walt Whitman：Leaves of Grass (9 editions)：Song of MyselfThere Was a Child Went Forth(有一个孩子在成长) Democratic Vistas （民主远景）the title : It is significant that Whitman entitled his book Leaves of Grass . He said that where there is earth, where there is water, there is grass. Grass, the most common thing with the greatest vitality, is an image of the poet himself, a symbol of the then rising American nation and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.3. Philip Freneaus：The Wild Honey Suckle (1786)The Indian Burying Ground(1788)4. Herman Melville：Moby-Dick (a white whale): His best work and masterpiece; the first American prose epic.（散文体史诗） Typee 泰皮 Mardi 玛地Pierre 皮埃尔Billy Budd 比利巴德5. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow：Voices of the Night 夜吟：A Psalm of Life 人生礼赞 Evangeline 伊凡吉林 The Song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌 Ballads and Other Poems 歌谣及其他6. Nathaniel Hawthorne ：Young Goodman Brown 小伙子布朗 The Scarlet Letter The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖角阁的房子7. Henry David Thoreau：Walden：Where I Lived, and What I Lived for.8. Ralph Waldo Emerson：Nature The American Scholar 论美国学者 Self-Reliance 论自立 The Over-Soul 论超灵 9. Edgar Allan Poe: The Raven, Annabel Lee, To Helen10. James Fenimore Cooper: The Spy (1821)间谍The Pilot (1824) 舵手Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子故事集: The Pioneers (1823), 拓荒者The Last of the Mohicans (1826), 最后的莫西干人The Prairie (1827), 大草原The Pathfinder (1840), 探路人 The Deerslayer (1841). 杀鹿者11. Washington Irving: The Sketch Book 见闻札记: (1)Rip Van Winkle 瑞普 凡 温克尔(2)The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷传奇12. Thomas Jefferson : the Declaration of Independence (1776)Note on the State of Virginia弗吉尼亚笔记13. Thomas Paine: Common Sense常识The American Crisis 危机14. Bartram:Travels旅行散记.15. Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richards Almanack 穷理查德年鉴The Way to Wealth 致富之路 The Autobiography 自传16. John Smith: A True Relation of Virginia 关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述A Description of New England 新英格兰叙事17. John Winthrop: The History of New England新英格兰史A Model of Christian Charity 基督教之爱18. William Bradford: the History of Plymouth Plantation (annals)19. Anne Bradstreet: the Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America. To My Dear and Loving Husband20. Edward Taylor: Upon a Spider Catching a Fly The Ebb and Flow Upon Wedlock and Death of Children Gods Determination Preparatory Meditations21. Emily Dickinson: Over the fence Because I could not stop for Death 因为我不能停下来等候死神I heard a Fly buzzwhen I died 我死的时候听见一只苍蝇嗡嗡地响三名词解释1.“Gilded Age”镀金时代：an age of extremes of decline and progress，of poverty and dazzling wealth, of gloom and buoyant （持续上涨的） hope2. Realism：Realism originated in France. A literary doctrine that called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life. American Realism came in the latter half of the nineteenth century as a reaction against Romanticism. It stresses truthful treatment of material. It focuses on commonness of the lives of the common people, and emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. 3. free verse：A kind of poetry that lacks regular meters or patterns. Free verse is the rhymed or unrhymed poetry free from conventional rules of meter.4. predestination：God decided everything before things occurred.5. original sin/total depravity(堕落) : Human beings were born to be evil , and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation;6.limited atonement: only the “elect” can be saved.7. Half rhyme: Face and Greece are similar only in that they have one syllable and the same endingce. The vowels a and ee do not rhyme. Thus, face and Greece make up what is called half rhyme, also known as near rhyme, oblique rhyme, and slant rhyme.8. Romanticism: appeared in England in the 18th century. A modern term applied to the profound shift in Western attitudes to art and human creativity in the first half of the 19th c. Reaction against the prevailing neoclassical spirit and rationalism (reason) during the Age of Reason.9. American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of Puritans. The American puritans, like their English brothers, are idealists. They accept the doctrine and practice of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.10. Transcendentalism: That philosophical movement is called the Transcendentalism(超验主义) which helped American literature branch off European culture and heralded the real beginning of American literature which is later called as: American Renaissance.II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. Time grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on: a tart temper mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener by constant use. For a long while he used to perpetual club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village. Questions: 1) Please identify the author and the title of the work.2) Whats the meaning of this passage?参考答案:1) This is an excerpt from Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving. (P408) 2) With his wifes dominance at home, the situation became harder and harder for Rip Van Winkle. His wifes temper became worse and she scolded him for more often. He had to stay in the club with idle people. (P407) 附:Question: Please describe the changes Rip Van Winkle experienced.Answer: 1) Rip Van Winkle was the hero in Irvings works. He was a good-natured man, a henpecked (惧内的，妻管严的) husband.2) Because his wifes shrewish (泼妇一样的) treatment, Rip had to escape from his home to the little inn in the village. When it failed to give him some restful air, he had to go hunting in the high mountain, where Rip met a stranger, and the man asked Rip to carry keg for him. Then Rip reached the place in the valley, where many strangers were playing nine-pins. Later Rip got drunk after drinking the liquor, which made him sleep for 20 years.3) Rip woke up as an old man, entering the village learned that his wife had died, he got the freedom of his own,; and the American had been dependent from the control of Britain, he had changed from a subject of the King (George III) into a citizen of the independent new U.S.2. I celebrated myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to youQuestions: 1) Please identify the author and the title of the poem that had used when published. 2) What is the theme of this poem?参考答案:1) In the 1856, the title was Poem of Walt Whitman, an American, then it became Walt Whitman in 1860, until 1881, it finally became Song of Myself. The author is Walt Whitman. (P456-457)2) In this poem Whitman sets forth two principle beliefs: A. The theory of universality (普遍性), which is illustrated by lengthy catalogues of people and things;B. The belief in the singularity (个别性) and equality(平等性) of all beings in value. (P457) 3. Standing on the bare ground, -my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. Questions: 1) Please identify the author and the title of the work.2) Please briefly interpret this passage.3). What rhetorical device of transparent eye-ball.4) Emerson said he want to become a transparent eye-ball, what king idea did he want to express?参考答案:1) This selection is from Nature by Emerson. (P427) 2) In the essay Emerson clearly expresses the main principles of his Transcendentalist pursuit and his love for nature. Emerson develops his concept of Over-Soul Or Universal Mind. Last but not the leas, it affirms the divinity of the human beings. (P423) 3) It used the device of metaphor. (P423) 4) He wanted to tell us: Nature can purify (净化) our quality and let us get comfort. (P243) III. Questions and answers:1. The Romantic Period was called The American Renaissance. Discuss the background of the Romantic Period, and compare it with the Romanticism of Britain.Answer:1) The two Romanticism both stress the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature;2) They all pay attention to psychic states of the characters and exalt the individual and common man;3) American Romanticism revealed unique characteristics: (difference) American authors describe their native land, especially the spirit of the pioneering into the west, the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature; American writers use local dialect in language; Puritanism has great influence over American Romantics; Calvinism of original sin is obvious in their works; Transcendentalism is very important theory in American Romanticism; The important setting in American Romanticism are: the early puritan settlement; the confrontation with the Indians; the frontiersmens life; the wild west; imagination. (P399402)2. Analyze the themes and characteristic of Hawthorne. Answer: Hawthorne was a man with inquiring imagination, meditative mind and dark vision to life.His themes in writing are: 1) Man was born with evil and sin, one source of them is over-reaching intellect, whose image was always villain; (Chllingworth e.g.)2) Hawthorne was influenced greatly by Puritanism, while he criticized it bitterly;3) He believed Calvinistic ideas, thinking man was depraved and corrupted; they should obey God for saving the spirits;4) He concerned the moral life of man and human history;5) He was keen on the description of mans development of psychology. (P432433)3. Explain the theory of Transcendentalism, then list its important author and works.Answer:Transcendentalism is a very important theory in American Romanticism, its main ideas are:1) Man has the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or the ability of gettin