非谓语动词复习PPT课件.ppt

.,1,高三语法复习非谓语动词,2016.10,.,2,一、非谓语动词概述,1.什么是谓语动词？什么是非谓语动词？谓语动词：在句子中充当谓语的动词非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语动词外的成分。2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用一个句子中已存在一个主句（含谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。eg.Shegotoffthebus,butshe_(leave)herhandbagontheseat.Shegotoffthebus,_(leave)herhandbagontheseat.3.非谓语动词的种类：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）,left,leaving,.,3,4.非谓语动词的三种最基本形式：todo:doing:done:5.非谓语动词的各种形式：tododoing,定语表将来；状语表目的、结果,主动、进行,被动、完成,todo,tobedone(被动式),tobedoing(进行式),tohavedone(完成式),tohavebeendone(完成被动式),doing,beingdone(被动式),havingdone(完成式),havingbeendone(完成被动式),done只有一种形式,注意：否定时一律将not放于非谓语动词前。,.,4,（二）不定式(todo)与动名词(doing)作主语的区别1.todo表某一具体动作，doing表习惯动作或抽象概念。eg._(swim)isagoodformofexercise._(swim)thisafternoonsoundsgood.2.都可以用it作形式主语构成相应句型。不定式用it作形式主语：Itisadj./n.(for/ofsb.)todosth.动名词用it作形式主语：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.其他需做区分的句型：Theresnosense/point(in)doingsth.TheresnodoingthatTheresnoneed(forsb.)todosth.,Swimming,Toswim,.,5,（三）不定式(todo)与动名词(doing)作宾语的区别1.绝大多数动词后跟不定式(todo)做宾语如：decide,determine,want,expect，wish,hope,agree,refuse，manage,offer,pretend,promise等。2.只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词：mepsckarfi妹不吃咖啡mind,miss(错过)，mention，enjoy，escape,practise,postpone(推迟),permit,suggest,stand(bear,tolerate),consider(考虑)，keep,avoid,admit,advise,allow,appreciate,risk,resist(抵制),recommend，finish,forbid(禁止),imagine。还有：dislikedelay,understand,quit,deny(否认)。,.,6,注意：1)allow/permit/advise/recommenddoing，但allow/permit/advise/recommendsb.todo2)forbiddoing，但forbidsb.todo或forbidsb.fromdoing,.,7,3.可跟不定式(todo)也可跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词1）意义有区别：meantrystopgoonrememberforgetcanthelpregretasifonly注意：asif和only并非动词，但在这里一起进行了归纳。2）意义无区别：continuetodo/doing,starttodo/doing,begintodo/doing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,tododoing,.,8,4.不定式(todo)作宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语。常见结构：think/believe/consider/find/feel/+it+adj./n.+todoeg.我认为有必要向老师求助。Ithinkitnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.,.,9,（四）非谓语动词作表语的区别1.不定式(todo)作表语表未发生的具体动作eg.我的目标是去北京大学学习。我们应该做的就是好好学习。注意：不定式作表语时前面有实意动词do(做)及其相关变形，不定式可省略符号to。2.动名词(doing)作表语表习惯动作或抽象概念。eg.我的兴趣爱好是读书。3.现在分词(doing)作表语表令人.的。eg.这则消息令人吃惊。4.过去分词(done)做表语表感到的。eg.我们对这则消息感到吃惊。,Mypurpose/aim/goalistostudyinPekingUniversity.,Whatweshoulddois(to)workhard.,Myhobbyisreadingbooks.,Thenewsissurprising.,Wearesurprisedatthenews.,.,10,（五）非谓语动词作定语的区别1.不定式(todo)：表将来名词前有序数词、thelast、theonly、thenext等修饰时用不定式作定语eg.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.Iwantahousetolivein.=Iwantahouseinwhichtolive.2.动名词(doing)：表功能eg.livingroom,sleepingbag,swimmingpool3.现在分词(doing)：表主动、进行eg.sleepingbaby,swimmingboy注意：完成形式havingdone和havingbeendone不作定语，一般作状语4.过去分词(done)：表被动、完成eg.aretiredworker,akilleddog,.,11,（六）不定式(todo)，现在分词(doing)，过去分词(done)作状语的区别1）不定式(todo)：表目的意料外的不好结果(onlytodo、nevertodo)eg.他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站却发现火车已经开了。他离开了家乡，再也没有回去。2）现在分词(doing)：表主动、进行doing可作结果状语表自然结果。现在分词的完成式havingdone和havingbeendone表示动作先于谓语动词发生。eg.他每天晚上很晚回家，使得他的妻子生气。写完了作业后我打了电脑游戏。,Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.,Helefthishometown,nevertoreturn.,Hegoesbackhomeverylateeveryevening,makinghiswifeangry.=?,Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iplayedcomputergames.,.,12,3）过去分词(done)：表被动、完成eg.受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很兴奋。注意：分词做状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的主语一致。Doing/Done,sb.Sb,doing/done.思考:havingbeendone，beingdone与done的区别？Isawaboy_(beat)whenIpassedbythehouse.Iheardhim_(beat)byhisfatheryesterday._(see)fromthetopofthebuilding,ourschoollooksbeautiful._(show)aroundthelab,wewenttothecomputerroom.,Praisedbytheteacher,helooksveryexcited.,beingbeaten,beaten,Seen,Havingbeenshown,.,13,三、非谓语动词特殊用法（一）不定式的特殊用法1.疑问词+不定式eg.我不知道要做什么。我无法决定买那辆自行车。什么时候举办运动会尚不清楚。2.不带to的不定式1）感官动词表观察到全过程2）hadbetterdo,wouldratherdo,whynotdo,may/mightaswelldo(最好做,不妨做)，may/mightwelldo(很可能做)3）三个不得不：canthelpbutdo,cannotbutdo,cantchoosebutdo,Idontknowwhattodo.,Icantdecidewhichbiketobuy.,Whentoholdthesportsmeetingisunknown.,.,14,4)三个宁愿做某事不愿做另一件事：prefertodoratherthando,wouldratherdothando,preferdoingtodoing5)两个并列的不定式，第二个可省略符号to，但表前后对比不省略。eg.Doyouwanttogooutorstayathome?Tostayathomeisbetterthantogoout.=Itsbettertostayathomethantogoout.6)but/except/otherthan/besides前有do(做)butdo，无do(做)buttodo。eg.Icandonothingbut_(wait).Ihavenochoicebut_(wait).Icantchoosebut_(wait).,wait,towait,wait,.,15,3.不定式中主动表被动的情况1）Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.2）Englishisdifficult(forus)tolearn.注意：Ihavesomeclothes_(wash),soIcantgooutwithyou.Ihavesomeclothes_(wash).Thankyou,mum.4.不定式的省略1）保留到不定式符号to2）若to后是be或have，则需省略成tobe或tohave。eg.-Arentyouthemanager?-No,andIdontwanttobe.,towash,tobewashed,.,16,（二）动名词的特殊用法1.动名词的复合结构（所有格）句中：人名s/人名/形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格+doing句首：人名s/形容词性物主代词+doingeg.Tom/他的到来让我们吃惊。我们对Tom/他的到来感到吃惊。他不去那儿的原因是什么?2.动名词主动表被动的情况1）need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedone2）beworthdoing=beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone,Toms/Hiscomingsurprisedus.,WeweresurprisedatToms/Tom/his/himcoming.,Whatisthereasonforhis/himnotgoingthere?,.,17,（三）分词的特殊用法1.现在分词(doing)表主动、进行；过去分词(done)表被动、完成2.现在分词完成形式havingdone及havingbeendone不能作定语，一般作状语。3.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语需要和句子主语一致。判断正误：Beingatopstudent,theworkwasfinishedinashorttime.4.分词前可以加连词合用。eg.While_(cross)thestreet,youshouldbecareful.Iwontgotothepartyunless_(invite).,crossing,invited,.,18,（四）带有be动词的短语的非谓语形式：去掉be动词但注意：作主语时要把be变成being常见带有be动词的短语：beseated(=sitting)坐,beborn出生,beabsorbedin专心于,belostin专心于,betiredof对感到厌倦，beboredwith对感到厌倦，besatisfiedwith对感到满意，bedeterminedtodo下定决心做，bedevotedtodoing献身于/致力于，becommittedtodoing致力于，befacedwith面对/面临，bedressedin穿着，beconcernedabout关心/担心，bedisappointedat对失望,beseparatedfrom与分开/隔开eg._(devote)himselftohiswork,hepaidlittleattentiontohishealth._(devote)tohiswork,hepaidlittleattentiontohishealth._(生病了),hedidntattendsch