独立主格结构讲解 (3)ppt课件

非谓语动词,V-ing形式,不定式,过去分词,1,1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主格.eg:Thewomanlookaroundtheshop,keepinganeyeonherbaby.Springcoming,theflowersarecomingout.Hearingtheexcitingnews,everybodywasexcited.Havingbeentheremanytimes,heisquitefamiliarwiththeplace.Thepolicemanenteredthedarkroom,guninhand.,非谓语,非谓语,非谓语,独立主格,独立主格,2,独立主格结构：形式：npron+其他成分（doingdonetodon.adj.adv介词短语）在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、或伴随等情况。ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.Thesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.Thechildrenweremakingasnowman,handsredwithcold.Hesatinthechair,bookinhandandpipeinmouth.,原因,时间,伴随,伴随,3,n.+doing/todo/done_(因为他很诚实),welikehim._,Ihadagoodrest.(所有的窗子都擦完了)_,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.(正讨论这个问题时),Hebeinghonest,Allthewindowscleaned,Thequestionbeingdiscussed,4,大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”来代替。1）Helaythere,hishandsbehindhishead.(=withhishandsbehindhishead)非谓语动词的独立主格结构：“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。1.不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）Lotsofhomeworktobedone,Ihavetostayathome.,5,2.动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构：如动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要用动词-ing形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做时间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）1)表时间Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.2)表方式或伴随Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanotherroom.,6,表原因Theguideleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.=Astheguideledtheway,表条件：Weatherpermitting,wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachnow.(=Ifweatherpermits)Suchbeingthecase,youhavenogroundsfordismissinghim.(=Ifsuchisthecase),7,3.动词-ed形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词-ed形式构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）1)表时间Thetaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.=Thetaskhavingbeencompleted=Afterthetaskwascompleted,2)表方式或伴随Whenintrouble,Tomwouldsitalone,headbent.3)表原因Thousandsofeyesfixeduponher,Maryfeltonedge.,8,4).表条件Moretimeandmoneygiven,wecanfinishtheworkinadvance.(=Ifmoretimeandmoneyaregiven,)注意：不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或状态动词-ed形式表示已经完成和被动的行为,9,Somanywindowstoclean,Ihadtodevotethewholeafternoon.Allthewindowscleaned,Ihadagoodrest.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussed,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.,将要,完成、被动,进行,10,独立主格结构中的being和havingbeen常省略1）。Thefootballmatch(being)over,crowdsofpeoplepouredoutintothestreet.2).Nobody(being)in,Ididntenterthehall.3).Allthewindows(being)open,theairintheroomisfresher.4).Allthetickets(havingbeen)soldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweeksshow.,11,注意：1.)当独立主格中的beingdone表示“正在被做时”，being此时不可省。Foodbeingcooked,Ifellasleep.2).当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时，being常不省。Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.Therebeingnotimeleft,wehadtospeedup.,12,Whilewalkingontheplayground,_.aballhitmeB.myheadwashitbyaballC.IwashitbyaballD.hewasbadlywounded2._,hewentouttoplaybasketball.TheexercisedoneB.ontheexercisesC.HavingbeendonetheexercisesD.Theexerciseshavingfinished,13,3._,therewardwasgiventohim.A.BeinghonestB.AsanhonestboyC.HebeinghonestD.Hewashonest4._nobus,wehadtogohomebybus.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.Therewas5_fine,wewentoutforapicnic.A.BeingB.ItbeingC.Itwas,14,1如果天气许可,我们就去参观长城。Weatherpermitting,wellgotovisittheGreatWall.2他开着窗睡着了。Hefellasleepwiththewindowopen.3所有的书都卖光了,他们只好回家。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,hehadtogohome,15,4房子里有两个房间,小的那个当书房The