英语名词讲解ppt课件

汉堡包水果西红柿大米；米饭草莓鸡肉牛奶吃面包健康的事物,hamburgerfruittomatoricestrawberrychickenmilkeatbreadhealthything,1,容易的在.后面梨子食物蔬菜胡萝卜习惯午餐早餐晚餐肥胖的,easyafterpearfoodvegetablecarrothabitlunchbreakfastdinnerfat,2,名词（n.）：,概念：是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。根据其词汇意义，名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。,名词：nouns,3,普通名词：,指表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。,例如：表示东西、事物的。如book、computer、tree、chopsticks(筷子)表示一类人的。如boy、girl、woman、man、teacher、father表示抽象概念，像人的情感、品质、精神的。如happiness、trouble、pleasure（愉快、快乐）、industry（勤劳）,4,辨认下列哪些是名词，哪些不是名词：,computer，takecoffee，water，run.notebook.bring,table,sportinteresting,Mondayagenewactorsell,5,专有名词:,指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来，它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。,Jim吉姆China中国Mr.Smith史密斯先生July七月Friday星期五theYellowRiver黄河Christmas圣诞节English英语ATaleofTwoCities双城记,专有名词的首字母通常要大写,6,名词：,可数名词,不可数名词,单数复数,转变,7,可数名词的复数变化：,1.可数名词复数的规则变化：(1)一般情况加词尾-s，如book-books,desk-desks等。(2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的名词，通常加词尾-es：bus-buses,box-boxes,dish-dishes，match-matches（比赛），watch-watches等。,8,Practice:,Therearemany(bus)and(car)onthestreet.Ihavetwo(watch),soIgivea(watch)tomysister.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtsome（dish）,cars,buses,watches,watch,dishes,9,3)以“o”结尾的名词,有生命词尾es；如tomato-tomatoes；potato-potatoeshero(英雄)-heroes无生命的名词，加词尾s；如radioradios（收音机）；piano-pianos,但注意photophotos（相片）,10,4)以y结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将y改为ies；如：city-cities,baby-babies以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾-s：如：toy/toys,holiday/holidays等。5)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v加es:如：wife-wives,knife-knives（小刀），Leaf-leaves（树叶）；life-lives(生命)，scarf-scarves(围巾),11,记住以下10个要把f或者fe改成v加es的单词：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)。,重点,但roof-roofs(屋顶)是例外！,12,练习：,写出下列单词的单数或复数形式,friend,cat,tree,s,s,question,s,s,key,s,toy,s,photo,s,tomato,es,potato,es,leaf,/leaves,zoo,s,radio,s,holiday,s,baby,/babies,city,/cities,roof,s,bus,es,box,es,13,Weneedmore(potato),canyougoandtakesome,please?(Knife)areusedforcuttingthings.Whenwesawhisface,weknewthe(news)wasbad.Pleaseremembergivethehorsesometree(leaf).,potatoes,Knives,news,leaves,14,单复数同形:英语中，有些名词的单数与复数同行:例：people、Chinese、Japanese、fish、deer（鹿）、sheep（绵羊）e.g:Therearemanyfishintheriver.Wehaveafishforlunch.,15,名词复数的不规则变化,有的名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则，需特别记忆：man/men男人woman/women女人child/children小孩tooth/teeth牙齿foot/feet脚goose/geese鹅mouse/mice老鼠ox/oxen公牛,16,(二)不规则变化男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee；老鼠虱子也好记，ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。,6.名词复数的不规则变化需要特别记忆。例如manmen,womanwomen,goosegeese,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemice,louse(虱子)lice,childchildren,fishfish,deer(鹿)deer,sheepsheep等。,17,不可数名词常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量，单复数表现在在of前面的名词上。如：桌子上有一杯橙汁。Thereisaglassoforangejuiceonthetable.这张纸是红色的。Thispieceofpaperisred.这两双袜子5美元。Thesetwopairsofsocksare5dollars,名词做主语，一定要注意主谓一致,18,用适当的be动词填空Mymother_abeautifulwoman.Thispairofpants_20dollars.Mysocks_red.Whosepens_there？Annsfamily_allteachers.Herfamily_alargeoneinthisplace.There_acupofcoffeeonthedesk.Thesestrawberries_fresh.,19,写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、foot13、Japanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife22、sheep,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,children,shelves,beds,countries,families,toys,Japanese,radios,photos,tomatoes,foxes,pianos,feet,women,knives,sheep,armies,20,二、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1Therearesomany_(wolf)intheforest.2.Therearethree_(chair)intheclassroom.3.These_(tomato)arered.4._(hero)aregreat.5Mybrotherlooksaftertwo_(baby)6Therearesome_(deer)eatingthegrass.7Myfatherlikestoeat_(potato).8Chinese_(people)liketoeatnoodles.9Ihavealotof_(toy)inmybedroom.10Ihelpmymotherwash_(dish)inthekitchen.,wolves,chairs,tomatoes,Heroes,babies,deer,potatoes,people,toys,dishes,21,11Ihavetwo_(pencil-box).12Therearesome_(bus)inthestreet.13Peterhaseight_(foot).14Lindahasthree_(tooth).15Therearesome_(child)inthegarden.16Michaellikesthe_(mouse).17Therearesome_(goose)intheriver.18Myuncleandfatherare_(man).19TomandKingare_(boy).20Lindahasthree_(tooth).,pencil-boxes,buses,feet,teeth,children,mice,geese,men,boys,teeth,22,1Icanseethree_inthezoo.AmonkeiesBmonkeysCmonkey2.Thepighasfour_.A.footB.feetC.foots3.Mytwobrothersareboth_.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen4.Therearefour_intheclass.JapaneseB.JapanesesC.Japan5.Icanseeten_inthepicture.sheepB.dogC.pig6.The_hasthree_.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches7.Canyousee_ontheplate?A.breadB.breadsC.breades,A,B,C,B,A,C,A,23,8.Thegirloftenbrushesher_beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth9.MrBlackoftendrinksome_.milkB.milksC.milkes10.Therearesome_onthefloor.childB.waterC.books11._willlearnEnglish.WomanB.WomenC.Man12.Lucywillshowussomenew_ofhers.photoB.photosC.photoes13.Idranktwo_.A.bottlesoforangeB.bottleoforangeC.bottlesoforanges14.Thecateatstwo_lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse,A,B,C,C,A,B,B,24,1、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotosThiskindofcarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has3.Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,Germans4.Thatsartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare5.Theboyshavegotalready.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread,A,B,D,A,C,25,6.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples7.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches9.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10.The_meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teachersC.teac