英语概要写作导练 (2)ppt课件

,SummaryWriting,1,TipsonsummarywritingWhilereading,1.Whatsthestyleofthepassage?A.Narration记叙文B.Exposition说明文C.Argumentation议论文,2,Who?When?Where?What?Why?How?,TofindoutsixfactorsinNarration(记叙文),3,Towriteasummarywithaboutsixsentencesfromthesixfactors,4,1)Touseyourownwords*2)Topresenttheinformationfairly,donotgiveyourowncomments3)Tousethethirdpersontoretell4)Tense(narrationoftenusesthepasttense)5)About60words,Whilewriting,5,WriteasummaryofAnnesbestFriend,6,Whoisthemaincharacter?Whendidthestoryhappen?Wheredidthestoryhappen?WhathappenedtoAnneandherfamily?WhydidAnneandherfamilyhideaway?HowdidAnnespendherlonelyandfrightenedlife?,.,7,Who?-AnneWhen?-DuringtheWorldWarIIWhere?-InAmsterdamWhat?-HideawayhereandthereWhy?-TheywereJewishHow?-Madeherdiaryherbestfriendwhomshecouldtelleverytingto,Inoneofherdiaries,shedescribed-,8,Polishyourwriting(content,coherent,logical,transitionalwords,differentstructures)Hadwriting(neatandclear),Afterfirstwriting,9,议论文概要写作：SummarywritingAboutArgumentation,10,Passagestructure:Para1:TopicsentencesPara2:Mainsupportingpoints/evidencePara3：Conclusion/Suggestion,11,.Languagerequirements:1)Touseyourownwords*2)Tobeconcise(leaveoutthedetails;Reducetheexamples;Simplifythedescriptions;Eliminateallrepetitions.)3)Topresenttheinformationfairly,donotgiveyourowncomments4)Tenses(narrationofteninthepasttense)少用长难句,12,Stepstowriteanargumentationsummary,Step1:Findoutkeysentence(s)ineachparagraph,13,Para1:topicsentence?,Gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.,Para2-3:supportingsentences?,WememorizethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyWecanbecomemuchhealthier.Wehavetimetomakeaplanandgetreadyfortheday.,14,Para4:conclusionsenetnce?,Wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.,Step2:Paraphrasethesentencesaboveinyourownwords,15,方法点拨：改写句子时，理清要点之间的关系，不能简单地照搬原句，即用自己的话改写，做到“雁过不留痕”.不改变原意,1.同意替换法.Wecanbenefitfromit=Itdoesgoodtous.,2.正话反说或反话正说.1)Youwillnotsucceed=Youwillfail.2)Youcantbetoocarefulwhendriving=Youshouldbecarefulwhendriving.3)Icantagreemore=Iagreewithyou,16,3.词性转换法Thephotoisofimportancetous=Thephotoisimportanttous.,4.句式变化法,Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise=?Childrenshouldbegivenmorepraised,17,Para1:Gettingupearlyplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife.Theimportanceofgettingupearlyinthemorningcanneverbeoveremphasized.,18,Para2-3:Itenablesustohaveabettermemoryandahealthierbody.wewillhaveenoughtimetomakeagoodpreparationfortheday.Agoodpreparationforthedaycanbeachieved.,19,Para4:Itwillbeofgreatbenefittous.Itwilldogreatgoodtous.,20,Step3:writingasummarytransitionalwords,coherent,logic,strucure,Step4:Polishyourwriting,21,Samplewriting:Theimportanceofgettingupearlyinthemorningcanneverbeoveremphasized.Inthefirstplace,Itenablesustohaveabettermemory.Whatsmore,wecanbeincreasinglyhealthybybreathingfreshairandworkingoutinthemorning.Lastbutnottheleast,wewillhaveenoughtimetomakeagoodpreparationfortheday.Inconclusion,gettingupearlywillbenefitusalot.(71words),22,Beginningsentences:Thepassage/authordiscussestheimportanceof-（本文/作者讨论了-的重要性）2)Thepassage/authorarguesthat-(本文/作者主张-)3)Thepassage/authorcompares-with-(本文/作者比较了与-）,23,当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素,但“某人做了某事,结果如何”是应当包括的。因此,要写好概要,须找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(whodidwhat)(2)结果如何？(whatwastheresult)如果是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。,24,例1(2011年广东)阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。WhenSamfirstgottohisboardingschoolwithhisparents,hewasveryhappy.Hethoughthewouldbeabletogohomeeveryweekend.Whenhewastoldhewouldnot,hestartedcryingbecausethethoughtofnotseeinghisparentswasdrivinghimcrazy.,25,Hewasgivenuniformsandallotherthingsthathewouldneedfortheterm.Hestartedcryingwhenitwastimeforhisparentstoleave.Hewasthentakentothedorm,wherehesawotherchildrenhappy.Hetriedasmuchashecouldtofitinbutcouldnotbecausehismindwasathome.Hestartedfeelinghomesick(想家)andwantedtogohomesassoonaspossible.,26,Hegotsicksoonbecausehecouldnoteattheschoolfood.Hecouldnotconcentrateintheclassroom.Allhecouldthinkwasbeingathomewithhisfamily.Hehadnomobilephoneorothermeanstogetintouchwithhisparents.Hewasangryandfeltlonely.Hethoughthisparentshatedhimandthatwaswhytheylefthiminaboardingschool.,写作内容以约60词左右概括上文的主要内容；,27,解题过程第一步,扫视材料可知是记叙文,于是可推知,本文的概要框架应是：Sam想家的时间、地点、原因、影响和结果。,28,串联要素法,写作方法串联要素法记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成6句话即可。,29,第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。(1)谁做了什么？Samgottoaboardingschoolandhefelthomesick.(2)结果如何？Hegotsick.Hewasangrywithhisparentsandfeltlonely.,30,第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文1：Samcouldnotgetusedtothelifeoftheboardingschool,andhethoughthisparentshatedhimandlefthiminit,whichmadehimsick,angryandlonely.范文2：Inthepassage,thewritertalksaboutSamsexperienceofhomesickness.Hesufferedalotandfeltdissatisfiedwithhisparentsafterbeingleftinaboardingschool.,31,例2(2011年广州一模)阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。内容略,写作内容1.以约30个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容；2.然后以约120个词写一篇读后感,说明“诚信的重要性”。,32,解题过程第一步,根据写作内容2,快速获取大意。写作内容2说明“诚信的重要性”，扫读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记叙文,那么我们可以形成概要框架:作者讲述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样,就有了方向和思路了。,33,第二步：阅读材料,回答以下三个问题。(1)谁做了什么？ThewritertellsastoryofanoverseasChinesestudent.Thestudenthadbeencaughtwithoutaticketinthesubwaythreetimes.(2)结果如何？Hewasnotevenallowedthechanceforaninterview.(3)说明了什么？Honestyisthebestpolicy.,34,第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文1：TodayIreadaninstructivespeech,inwhichthespeakerargueshonestyisthebestpolicybytellingthestoryofanoverseasChinesestudentwhocouldntfindajobbecauseofdishonesty.,35,范文2：ThewritertellsastoryaboutaChinesestudentwithanexcellentacademicachievementcouldntfindajobinGermanybecauseofhisdishonestytoskipthesubwaytickets,whichshowshonestyisthebestpolicy.,36,练习1：阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。短文略,Theauthorhappenedtopickupanumbrellaonabusandtriedtofinditsowner.Shewaspleasedtofindtheownerandalsogotajobofferedbytheowneroftheumbrella.,37,练习2：阅读下面的短文,然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。短文略,(范文1)Inthepassagethewriterusesthestoryoftheaward-winningfarmerwhoshareshisbestcorndeedwithhisneighbourstoteachusthatweallcanbenefitwhenweco-operateandsharewitheachother.,38,(范文2)Thewriterteachesusthatweallbenefitmorewhenweco-operateandsharewitheachotherbytellingthestoryoftheaward-winningfarmerwhoshareshiscornseedswithhisneighbours.,39,作业1：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。,OnarecentSunday,IwasbuyinggroceriesinasupermarketwhenIheardthesoundofacaraccident.Itwasclosebutnotveryclose,soIcontinuedshopping.AsItookarightturnonMunadhamaStreet,Isawamanlyingonthegroundinasmallpoolofblood.Hewasntdead.,40,Theideaofstoppingtohelportotakehimtoahospitalcrossedmymind,butIdidntdare.Carspassedwithoutstopping.Pedestriansandshopownerskeptdoingwhattheyweredoing,pretendingnothinghadhappened.Iwasstilllookingatthewoundedmanandblamingmyselffornotstoppingtohelp.Othershopperspeeredathimfromadistance,sorrowfulandsympathetic,butdidnothing.,41,Iwentontoanothergrocerystore,stayingforaboutfiveminuteswhileshoppingfortomatoes,onionsandothervegetables.Duringthattime,themanmanagedtositupandwavetopassingcars.Noonestopped.Noonedidanything.Nooneliftedafinger.Thewoundeddiedaloneinthestreet.Theonlyreactioncamefromawomaninthegrocerystore.Inalowvoice,shesaid,“MyGod,blesshissoul.”Anofferofaidcouldhavesavedthemanslife.,42,作业1：Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorwitnessedacaraccidentandfoundnoonehelpedtheinjuredman.Asaresult,themandiedonthestreet,whichmadetheauthorfeelguilty.,43,作业2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略,作业2：Thewritertriedtotellustheimportanceofsettinggoalsthroughabeaversstory.Afterthebeaverbuiltahouseforthewinter,itsetanothergoaltochewdownabigtreeandsucceededbyworkinghard.,44,SummarywritingaboutExposition说明文,45,我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出三种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”：(Inthepassage)thewriterintroduces.(对象)tous,especiallyits.(性质或功用),fromwhichweknow.(对象带来的利好).,46,2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：Thepassagetellsus.(问题),including.(方法1),.(方法2)and.(方法3).,47,Stepstowriteanexpositionsummary,Step1:Thetopic-whathappened?,Koalaareunhappyandcomplaining,48,Step2:thereasons-why?,Touriststakingphotos,Step3:Theeffects-how,Beingrepeatedlyawoken,49,Step4:Thesolutions,Governmentbansthepractice,Step5:Theconclusion,Bemorekindtoanimals,50,Step5:WriteasummarywiththesentencesabovePayattentionthetransitionalwords.注意：内容要点全面不能用原句字数60词左右,51,ThepassagenarratesthatkoalasatthefeatherdaleWildlifeparkareunhappyandcomplaining.Thereasonisthattheyarerepeatedlyawokenfromtheirdeepsleepfortouriststakingphotos.Inordertosolvethisproblem,thegovernmentinchargeofsuchthingsisgoingtobanthisbehavior.Asvisitors,itisbetterforustoleaveanimalsastheyareandbemorekindtothem.(68words),52,3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：(Theauthor/writersaid/talksabout).(现象)of.,because/but.(原因/本质1),and.(原因/本质2).,在高考读写任务中,多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。,特别提醒：,53,阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括这段短文的内容。,Eyecareisanimportantfactorinallofourlives.Withouteyes,weseemtobeabletodonothing.But,whatcanwedototakecareofeyes?Firstly,weshouldeathealthyfoods.Secondly,dontsitbeforeacomputerscreenorTVfortoolongtimeandtakeregularrestatintervalssoastorelaxtheeyemuscles.Thirdly,havingenoughsleepisthebestrestforeyes.,54,Besidesthosenotices,youshouldbeawareofsomethreatstoeyesindailylives.Excessiveexposuretobrightsunlightisharmfultoeyes,therefore,whengoingout,especiallyinsummertime,putonapairofqualifiedsunglasses.Stayawayfromsmoking.Someingredientsincigarettesarecarcinogenesis(致癌的).,55,Lastbutnotleast,takeregularmedicalexaminestocheckoutthepotentialeyediseaseandpreventitsdeterioration(退化).Eyesarethemostimportantsenseorgansandoneshouldusepropereyecareproductstoavoidfurtherirritations(刺激)andensurelongevityatease.,56,解题过程本文在指出眼睛重要后,紧接着提出问题“为保护眼睛,我们可以做些什么呢”,然后分三点说明应该做些什么。因此,我们可以套用“问题+解决方法”模式：Oureyesareimportantforus,sotheauthortellsushowtotakecareofoureyes,includingeatinghealthyfood,givingthemenoughtimetorest,knowingsomethreats,andtakingfrequenteyeexaminations.,57,练习1：阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略,(“对象+性质功能+利好”模式)Thewriterintroducestheideaofaballoonrobot,especiallyhowithelpstoguidepeopletotheirdestinationwithoutbeingconnectedtotheInternet,fromwhichweknowitmaybecomepopularinthefuture.,58,练习2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略,(“问题+解决方法”模式)Thepassagetellsushowtobeagoodfriend,includinglisteningmoretofriendstalking,offeringhelpwhennecessary,stayingwiththemandmakingplanstogether.,59,练习3：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略,(“现象+原因”模式)Theauthortalksaboutthepopularityofadvertisements,becausetheycanbringconveniencetopeoplebutthenegativeeffectsshouldnotbeignored.,60,作业1：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略,Thepassageintroducessomeexamplestoshowthatchemistryiseverywhereinourlife,especiallyitsgoodeffects,fromwhichweknowweshouldunderstanditmoretohelpourselveslivebetter.(对象+功能),61,作业2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略,Thepassagetellsushowtostayhealthywithourpets,includingwashinghandsoften,wearinggloveswhilecleaningthepetsortheircages,takingthemforexaminationsregularlyandgivingthemproperfood,etc.(问题+解决方法),62,作业3：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略,ThepassagesaidChineseEducationMinistryhaspaidcloseattentiontoself-protectioneducationamongschoolstudentsbecausesomeknowledgeaboutself-protectionmayhelponesurviveincaseofemergency.(现象+原因),63,64,议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论,因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(thetopicsentences)、支撑句(supportingsentences)和结论句(conclusionsentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。概要模板：论点+论据(+结论),65,(2011珠海一模)阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。,Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.,66,Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.,67,Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbest