名词与名词化结构.ppt

名词化（nominalization）,名词化主要指表示动作或状态的抽象名词，或起名词作用的非谓语动词一般由动词派生，也包括由形容词加后缀-ability,-ity,-ness等构成的名词可分为四大类：动作名词、名词性动名词、动名词和不定式,动作名词（actionnoun）,anexaminationoftheobjectwithanordinarymicroscopethecombinationofhydrogenionswithchlorideionsinthesolutionRecoveryofdistillatesisalsoperformedinthevacuumunit.,动词性名词（verbalnoun）,theexaminingoftheobjectwithanordinarymicroscopethecombiningofhydrogenionswithchlorideionsinthesolutionTherecoveringofdistillatesisalsoperformedinthevacuumunit,动名词（gerund）,examiningtheobjectwithanordinarymicroscopehydrogenionscombiningwithchlorideionsinthesolutionRecoveringdistillatesisalsoperformedinthevacuumunit.,不定式（infinitive）,toexaminetheobjectwithordinarymicroscopeforhydrogenionstocombinewithchlorideionsinthesolutionThedistillatesneedtoberecoverednow.,差异,如果有逻辑主语，第一、二类名词的逻辑主语都跟在其后thecombinationofhydrogenionsthecombiningofhydrogenions第三、四类名词的逻辑主语提高前面分词用名词或代词的所有格作逻辑主语hydrogenionscombining不定式用for引出逻辑主语forhydrogenionstocombine,差异,动词性,名词性,名词化结构的用法,1直接作句子的主语、宾语和表语,名词化结构的用法,2用介词连接作介词宾语Byopeningthevalves11and12,residualgasfromtheadsorber2flowsintotheevacuatedadsorber1.Whilethevalves11and12areopened,名词化结构的用法,2用介词连接作介词宾语Themethodoftransfermetaltothework-piecedependsonthemagnitudeofthecurrent.themethodbywhichmetalstransferredtothework-piece,名词化结构的用法,2用介词连接作介词宾语However,inthepresenceofair,surfaceoxidesmayformwithintheengine.ifairispresent,名词化结构的用法,3用中性动词（emptyword）过渡中性动词make,take,give,get,do,have等意义份量轻、接近中性动词的动词perform,achieve,obtain,carryout,establish,present等,名词化结构的用法,3用中性动词（emptyword）过渡主动语态：中性动词名词化结构介词短语Curvedrailsofferresistancetothemovementofthetrain.Curvedrailsresistthemovementofthetrain.offer只取句法作用，语义由名词化结构表示,名词化结构的用法,3用中性动词（emptyword）过渡被动语态：名词化结构（作主语）中性动词（被动语态）状语Tappingorremovingthemoltenironfromthefurnaceisdoneevery4or5hours.Themoltenironistappedorremovedfromthefurnaceevery4or5hours.,名词化结构的用法,Breakingupthelargermoleculesoftheheavierliquidsinthepetroleummixtureintothesmaller,lightermoleculesofgasolineiscarriedoutinhugerefinerytanksbycertainmaterialscalledcatalysts.Adetailedmodelofthephotode